Abnormal Psychology Chapter 3 WSU – Flashcards
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The test that reports one's results on clinical scales such as "hypochondriasis" (HS) and "Psychopathic Deviate" (Pd. is the:
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Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.
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he use of projective tests has decreased in the past few decades because projective tests often have:
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poor validity.
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Deciding that a client's psychological problems represent a particular disorder is called:
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diagnosis.
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in the DSM-5, which of the following diagnostic categories would no longer be considered an anxiety disorder?
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obsessive-compulsive disorder
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A psychiatrist says, "I'm a strong believer in a combined approach to therapy. In fact, I frequently participate in combined approaches, although I don't do psychotherapy." Based on this statement, the MOST likely specialty of the psychiatrist is:
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psychopharmacology.
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A friend of yours says, "I'm not going to the counseling center; my friends will think I'm mentally ill!" Your friend's attitude is
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common: about one-third of people surveyed expressed a similar opinion.
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A client is hooked up to an apparatus that measures galvanic skin response and blood pressure, after which the client verbally answers a series of questions. The type of clinical test being used is:
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psychophysiological.
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Which of the following statements about the use of projective techniques by today's clinicians is TRUE?
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Projective tests are used mainly to gain supplementary information.
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Clients check off either "Applies" or "Does Not Apply" to a series of 200 items dealing with what they do and what they think in a variety of situations. The kind of test they are taking MOST likely is a:
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personality inventory.
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A client reports having infrequent, but extremely disturbing, tactile hallucinations. The MOST useful of the following ways to gather information about this person would involve:
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self-monitoring.
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Of the following, who is MOST at risk for misinterpreting a cultural response as pathology?
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a dominant-culture assessor
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Those who are MOST likely to visit "suicide sites" on the Internet—sites that celebrate suicide and describe ways to commit suicide are:
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teenagers and young adults, who are at high risk for imitative suicidal behavior.
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If it were necessary to get the clearest and most accurate picture of the physical anatomy of the brain in order to aid in the diagnosis of a psychological disorder, the method of choice would be:
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fMRI.
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If a clinician is particularly interested in a client's family medical history, that clinician is MOST likely from which orientation?
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biological
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A clinician can include three kinds of information in making a diagnosis: a diagnostic category, a severity rating for the disorder, and additional information about possibly relevant sociocultural factors. According to the DSM-5, a clinician is required to include:
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a diagnostic category and a severity rating, but not additional information.
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One limitation of the clinical interview as an assessment tool is that:
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the client may give an overly positive picture.
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A clinical interviewer says, in part, "How do you feel about yourself today? How do you feel about what's going on in your life?" MOST likely, that clinical interviewer's orientation is:
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humanistic.
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The term used to refer to the comprehensive view of the causes and the maintenance of a person's abnormal behavior that a psychologist develops is:
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the clinical picture.
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Which of the following is a reason to question the validity of clinical interviews?
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Clinicians might overemphasize pathology.
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Some clinicians think there is a problem because popular responses to the Rorschach test are available online. One way to deal with this problem might be to:
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produce some new "inkblots" to use.
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A test is constructed to identify people who will develop schizophrenia. Of the 100 people the test identifies, 93 show signs of schizophrenia within five years. The test may be said to have high:
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predictive validity.
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A campus newspaper publishes an "Exam Anxiety" test, which was put together by the newspaper staff one evening just before the publishing deadline. Despite its hasty construction, the test most likely has:
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face validity.
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A friend says to you, "I wonder how likely I am to qualify for a DSM diagnosis in my lifetime." Based upon survey results, your MOST accurate answer would be (assuming your friend is "typical"):
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Likely; almost half of people would ever qualify for a DSM diagnosis." 50%
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"Let's just do away with diagnosis," says a clinician, "all we do is make things worse." That clinician's viewpoint is:
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shared by some of those working in the area of abnormality.
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A response inventory that asks individuals to provide detailed information about their typical thoughts and assumptions is a(n):
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cognitive inventory.
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If a new test for assessing anxiety produces scores comparable to those of other tests for assessing anxiety, then the new test has high:
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concurrent validity.
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A patient looks at a series of black-and-white pictures, making up a dramatic story about each. The patient is taking:
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the Thematic Apperception Test.
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Concerns about the reliability and validity of the DSM-5 diagnoses are MOST likely to center on which factors?
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categories based on weak research, and reflecting bias (for example, gender or racial bias)
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Standardizing and combining the findings of many different studies is called:
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meta-analysis.
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"I've just experienced overload," says the participant observer. "I simply can't:
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write down all the important things I'm seeing."
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Studies show that most therapists these days are MOST likely to learn about the latest information on treatment of psychological disorders from:
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talking with professional colleagues.
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A college graduate is:
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less likely than someone with a postgraduate degree to seek therapy.
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Which of the following is NOT a form of neuroimaging?
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GSR
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A patient complains of a phobia. Two lines of questioning by the clinician concern the specific object of the phobia and what the person does when he or she confronts that object. This clinician's orientation is probably:
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behavioral.
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Dr. Martin has just asked a potential client to talk about herself. As she responds, the doctor's next question is based on some interesting point she brought up. There are few constraints on the conversation. Dr. Martin has just:
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conducted an unstructured interview.
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Symptoms such as sadness, loss of appetite, and low energy cluster together to form a:
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syndrome.
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A clinical psychologist you know says, "How do I decide on the best treatment? Simple—I make sure to read the most recent research studies in therapy, and follow their advice." The clinical psychologist you know is:
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unusual; most therapists base therapy decisions on something besides what they can read in research journals.
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A clinical interviewer says, in part, "How do you feel about yourself today? How do you feel about what's going on in your life?" MOST likely, that clinical interviewer's orientation is:
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humanistic.
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If your friend had her brain waves recorded to measure her brain's electrical activity, she MOST likely had a(n):
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EEG.
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Are people ever harmed by therapy for DSM-diagnosed disorders?
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sometimes; at most, about 5-10 percent of those treated seem to get worse. 5%-10%
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The process of evaluating a person's progress after being in treatment is called a:
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clinical assessment.
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If you consulted a pro-anorexia site on the Internet, you would learn about:
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how to be a better anorexic.
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If a clinician is particularly interested in a client's family background and community influences, that clinician is MOST likely from which orientation?
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sociocultural
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Of the following statements, which is MOST accurate?
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The classification system Emil Kraepelin developed served as the model for the DSM.
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The use of projective tests has decreased in the past few decades because projective tests often have:
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poor validity.
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If a clinician is about to interview someone who she knows has already been diagnosed as having an anxiety disorder, this knowledge could lead the clinician to respond with:
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observer bias.
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The assessment instrument MOST likely to be used to measure cognitive, perceptual, and motor performances is the:
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neuropsychological test.
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A cluster of symptoms that go together and define a mental disorder is called a:
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classification system.
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A clinical psychologist you know says, "How do I decide on the best treatment? Simple—I make sure to read the most recent research studies in therapy, and follow their advice." The clinical psychologist believes in using:
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evidence-based treatment.
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"Let's just do away with diagnosis," says a clinician, "all we do is make things worse." That clinician's viewpoint is:
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shared by some of those working in the area of abnormality.
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Clinical interviews are the preferred assessment technique of many practitioners. One particular strength of the interview process is:
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the chance to get a general sense of the client.
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A panel of psychologists and psychiatrists evaluates the test results and clinical interviews of a client in a sanity hearing. They all arrive at the same diagnosis. The panel has high:
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interrater reliability.
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In order to study the general effectiveness of treatment, Smith and Glass (1980, 1977) and their colleagues performed a(n):
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meta-analysis of many studies.
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A clinical psychologist you know says, "How do I decide on the best treatment? Simple—I make sure to read the most recent research studies in therapy, and follow their advice." The clinical psychologist believes in using:
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evidence-based treatment.
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If a clinician wanted to know more detailed information about a person's functioning in a specific area, the clinician would use:
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a response inventory.
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One way a clinician might try to reduce observer drift would be to:
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decrease the lengths of the observation periods.
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If a new test for anxiety is normed on individuals who are waiting to take introductory psychology final exams, the new test is surely lacking:
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adequate standardization.
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A student who is quiet in class might be the life of the party on the weekend. Clinical observation of that student in class would lack:
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validity.
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A new assessment tool does a good job of differentiating those who later will be depressed and those who will not be depressed, and it produces results similar to those of other tools measuring depression. Therefore, the new assessment tool has good:
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predictive validity.
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Surveys of very successful therapists show that they generally do all of the following EXCEPT:
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disregard ethical principles when they think their clients might benefit.
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The movement that has tried to find the common strategies that "good" therapists use is called:
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rapprochement.
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Personality assessment using projective tests is designed to:
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learn about unconscious conflicts in the client.
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The DSM-5 task force and various work groups:
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began their work in 2006.
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A mental health practitioner attempts to learn about the behavior and emotional state of each client. This approach to abnormal psychology is called:
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idiographic.
