question

One who systematically gathers information in order to describe, predict, and explain abnormality is a clinical:

answer

scientist.

question

If you wanted a career in which you focus on detecting, assessing, and treating abnormal patterns of functioning, you should look into becoming a clinical:

answer

practitioner.

question

The stated and unstated rules for proper conduct that a society establishes are referred to as:

answer

norms.

question

Behavior that violates legal norms is:

answer

deviant and criminal.

question

The history, values, institutions, technology, and arts of a society make up that society's:

answer

culture.

question

Which of the following depressed people would be the LEAST likely to be diagnosed with a mental disorder—because of specific circumstances?

answer

someone whose community was destroyed by a tornado

question

R. D. Laing said, "Insanity—a perfectly rational adjustment to an insane world." This statement illustrates:

answer

that abnormality is situational.

question

That 42 percent of people go to church and 39 percent snoop in their hosts' medicine cabinets demonstrates the principle that:

answer

statistical deviance is not the same thing as abnormality.

question

If a person experienced anxiety or depression following a significant natural disaster, we would say that the person was:

answer

exhibiting a typical reaction.

question

People who engage in frenetic, manic activity may not experience distress. They are:

answer

nevertheless considered to be abnormal.

question

A person who is so miserable that he or she can see no reason for living BEST fits which of the following definitions of abnormality?

answer

distress

question

An individual has a 9-to-5 job. However, this person seldom gets up early enough to be at work on time, and expresses great distress over this behavior. This individual's behavior would be considered abnormal because it is:

answer

dysfunctional and deviant.

question

Which aspect of the definition of abnormality includes the inability to care for oneself and work productively?

answer

dysfunction

question

Which of the following would NOT be considered abnormal, despite the fact that the person's behavior is dysfunctional?

answer

someone who goes on a hunger strike to protest social injustice

question

A Secret Service agent steps in front of the President of the United States, prepared to be killed or injured if the President's safety is threatened. Psychologically speaking, the Secret Service agent's behavior is:

answer

dysfunctional, but not psychologically abnormal.

question

Research shows that danger to self or others is found in:

answer

some cases of abnormal functioning.

question

Despite popular misconceptions, most people with psychological problems are not:

answer

dangerous.

question

According to Thomas Szasz's views, the deviations that some call mental illness are really:

answer

problems in living.

question

A researcher spends 15 or more hours per day conducting experiments or doing library reading and records observations on color-coded index cards. This person lives alone in the country, but he doesn't interfere with others' lives. The BEST description of the researcher's behavior is that it is:

answer

eccentric.

question

College students who drink so much that it interferes with their lives, health, and academic careers are often not diagnosed as engaging in abnormal behavior because:

answer

drinking is considered part of college culture.

question

Defining abnormal behavior, using "the four Ds":

answer

is still often vague and subjective.

question

Lady Gaga and other eccentrics are usually not considered to be experiencing a mental illness because:

answer

they freely choose and enjoy their behavior.

question

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of eccentrics noted by researchers in the field?

answer

having a diagnosable mental illness

question

Studies show that eccentrics are more likely than those with mental disorders to say:

answer

I'm different and I like it.

question

Clinical theorist Jerome Frank would say that all forms of therapy include all of the following EXCEPT a:

answer

third-party payer.

question

One who sees abnormality as a problem in living usually refers to those seeking help with their problems in living as:

answer

clients.

question

Several researchers have shown that in a typical year in the United States about what percentage of adults show disturbances severe enough to need clinical treatment?

answer

over 15 percent

question

Which of the following "new diagnoses" would one experiencing overwhelming concern about being bombarded with excessive information on the Internet MOST likely receive?

answer

cyber fear

question

Which of the following "new diagnoses" would someone experiencing overwhelming concern about the security of travel on planes and subways MOST likely receive?

answer

terrorism terror

question

Which of the following "new diagnoses" would someone experiencing overwhelming concern about where the safest neighborhoods and schools are located be MOST likely to receive?

answer

crime phobia

question

The use of exorcism in early societies suggests a belief that abnormal behavior was caused by:

answer

evil spirits.

question

A person seeking help for a psychological abnormality is made to drink bitter herbal potions and then submit to a beating, in the hope that "evil spirits" will be driven from the person's body. This form of "therapy" is called:

answer

exorcism.

question

If you were being treated by a shaman, you would MOST likely be undergoing:

answer

an exorcism.

question

Hippocrates believed that treatment for mental disorders should involve:

answer

bringing the four body humors back into balance.

question

Hippocrates's contribution to the development of our understanding of mental illness was the view that such conditions were the result of:

answer

natural causes.

question

Hippocrates thought that abnormal behavior resulted from an imbalance in the four humors, one of which was:

answer

phlegm.

question

Hippocrates attempted to treat mental disorders by:

answer

correcting underlying physical pathology.

question

Bob experiences unshakable sadness. His friends have stopped trying to cheer him up because nothing works. An ancient Greek physician would have labeled his condition:

answer

melancholia.

question

A flash mob is MOST similar to:

answer

mass madness.

question

What model of mental illness did MOST people believe in during the Middle Ages?

answer

the demonology model

question

Tarantism and lycanthropy are examples of:

answer

mass madness.

question

St. Vitus's dance, characterized by people suddenly going into convulsions, jumping around, and dancing, was also known as:

answer

tarantism.

question

"Mass madness" is a general term that includes all of the following disorders common in the Middle Ages in Europe EXCEPT:

answer

exorcism.

question

Those MOST often in charge of treating abnormality in the Middle Ages in Europe were the:

answer

clergy.

question

During the Middle Ages in Europe, demonology dominated views of abnormality for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

answer

the culture rejected religious beliefs.

question

The individual considered to be the founder of the modern study of psychopathology is:

answer

Johann Weyer.

question

Johann Weyer, considered to be the founder of the modern study of psychopathology, was a physician in the:

answer

1500s.

question

Pilgrims in Europe in the 1600s would be MOST likely to go for "psychic healing" to:

answer

Gheel, Belgium.

question

In many areas, asylums of the 1500s, such as Bethlehem Hospital in London, became:

answer

tourist attractions.

question

Treatment for mental illness in the early asylums tended to be:

answer

harsh and cruel.

question

What is the distinction of Bethlehem Hospital, founded in London in 1547?

answer

Popularly called "Bedlam," it came to represent deplorable conditions for patients.

question

The basis for moral treatment of asylum patients was the belief that:

answer

mental illness should be treated with sympathy and kindness.

question

The man who brought the reforms of moral therapy to northern England was:

answer

William Tuke.

question

The man who brought the reforms of moral therapy to the United States was:

answer

Benjamin Rush.

question

The American schoolteacher who lobbied state legislatures for laws to mandate humane treatment of people with mental disorders was:

answer

Dorothea Dix.

question

Which of the following is part of the legacy of Dorothea Dix?

answer

state mental hospitals

question

The decline in the use of moral treatment and the rise in the use of custodial care in mental hospitals at the end of the twentieth century is due to all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

the total lack of success of moral treatment.

question

The "moral treatment" movement rapidly declined in the late nineteenth century because:

answer

hospitals became underfunded and overcrowded.

question

One factor that contributed to the decline of moral therapy was:

answer

it did not work for everyone.

question

Hippocrates' model of mental illness can be described as:

answer

somatogenic.

question

The fact that some people in the advanced stages of AIDS experience neurological damage that results in psychological abnormality supports what type of perspective about abnormal psychological functioning?

answer

somatogenic

question

The discovery of the link between general paresis and syphilis was made by:

answer

Richard von Krafft-Ebing.

question

The finding that syphilis causes general paresis is important because it supports the idea that:

answer

organic factors can cause mental illness.

question

For those who hold the somatogenic view of mental illness, the best treatment setting for those with mental disorders would be a:

answer

hospital.

question

Which of the following statements would offer the LEAST support for the somatogenic view of abnormal behavior?

answer

Hypnotism has helped people give up smoking.

question

Eugenics had as its goal sterilization of people with mental disorders, a policy based on the idea that mentally ill people:

answer

should not be allowed to pass on their defective genes.

question

Eugenics sterilization reflects the ______ perspective on abnormality.

answer

somatogenic

question

The somatogenic treatment for mental illness that seems to have been MOST successful was the use of:

answer

various medications.

question

Syphilis is to the somatogenic approach as ______ is to the psychogenic approach.

answer

hypnotism

question

Hypnotism is associated with all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

the somatogenic perspective.

question

Mesmer became famous—or infamous—for his work with patients suffering from bodily problems with no physical basis. His patients' disorders are termed:

answer

hysterical.

question

An otherwise "normal" person under the influence of hypnotic suggestion is made to bark, sit, and fetch like a dog. The occurrence of these "abnormal" behaviors lends support to which explanation for abnormality?

answer

psychogenic

question

Which perspective was supported by the discovery that the symptoms of hysteria (e.g., mysterious paralysis) could be induced by hypnosis?

answer

psychogenic

question

Bernheim and Liébault used hypnotic suggestion to induce hysterical disorders in "normal" people, providing support for which perspective of abnormality?

answer

psychogenic

question

The early psychogenic treatment that was advocated by Josef Breuer and Sigmund Freud was:

answer

hypnotism.

question

Acquiring insight about unconscious psychological processes is a feature of:

answer

psychoanalysis.

question

Psychoanalysis was developed as a form of:

answer

outpatient therapy.

question

Psychoanalysis, as Freud developed it, was a form of what we now would call:

answer

outpatient therapy.

question

Which of the following patients is MOST likely to benefit most from psychoanalytic treatment?

answer

someone who is insightful and thinks clearly

question

Regarding the cause of mental disorders, surveys have found that 43 percent of people today believe that mental illness is caused by which of the following?

answer

something people bring on themselves

question

People with severe mental illnesses are LESS likely to be ______ than they were 50 years ago.

answer

hospitalized in mental institutions

question

Which of the following BEST reflects the impact of deinstitutionalization?

answer

Not so well; many people with severe disturbances are in jail or on the street.

question

A medical researcher develops a drug that decreases symptoms of depression and other "mood" disorders. The general term for this type of drug is:

answer

psychotropic.

question

Drugs designed to decrease extremely confused and distorted thinking are termed:

answer

antipsychotic.

question

Drugs that alleviate the symptoms of mental dysfunction by affecting the brain are called:

answer

psychotropics.

question

Dave is confused and usually thinks that he is King David (Old Testament). If his psychiatrist ordered medication, it would MOST likely be a(n):

answer

antipsychotic drug.

question

Jena is experiencing sadness, lack of energy, and low self-worth. The condition is chronic and severe. If her psychiatrist prescribed medication it would likely be a(n):

answer

antidepressant drug.

question

If your primary symptom were excessive worry, the psychotropic drug for you would be an:

answer

antianxiety medication.

question

The number of patients hospitalized in mental hospitals in the United States today is MOST similar to the number hospitalized in:

answer

1990.

question

One cause of the increase in homeless individuals in recent decades has been the:

answer

policy of deinstitutionalization.

question

In the United States today, one is MOST likely to find a severely ill mental patient:

answer

on the street or in jail.

question

Which of the following statements BEST reflects the current care for people with less severe disturbances?

answer

Private insurance companies are likely to cover outpatient treatment.

question

Problems with marital, family, peer, work, school, or community relationships would be MOST similar to:

answer

Abnormal Psych Test 1 – Flashcards

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