Abnormal Psych Exam 5 – Flashcards

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The finding that temperament may play a role in the etiology of personality disorders suggests that
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d. a susceptibility to the development of a personality disorder may be inherited.
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The histrionic seeks ________, while the narcissist needs ________.
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a. attention; admiration
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The drug that can create a state most like psychosis is
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b. LSD.
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Which statement about Project MATCH is accurate?
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a. It showed that matching a client's personality to a form of treatment makes no difference.
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Problematic drinking behavior commonly develops during
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c. crisis periods in a marriage or other intimate personal relationship.
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Which of the following is NOT a misconception about alcohol?
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b. Alcohol can interfere with sleep.
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Sharon says, "I would love to be in an intimate relationship. My life is terribly boring and lonely. But I am extremely shy and I would fall apart if any man criticized me in the slightest." This description best matches the symptoms of ________ personality disorder.
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c. avoidant
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The research on the association between borderline personality disorder and childhood sexual abuse
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b. are problematic - the abuse most likely is occurring with other factors that might be more important.
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Like many individuals with personality disorders, individuals with histrionic personality disorder are rarely able to maintain relationships over time. Why?
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d. Their need for attention and manipulation is likely to drive others away.
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Which of the following people is most likely to be dependent on barbiturates?
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d. Middle-aged and older persons who cannot get to sleep without them
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Persons at high risk for developing alcohol-related problems tend to be more ________ than those at low risk.
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a. impulsive
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Which of the following personality disorders is most likely to be mistaken for schizophrenia?
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d. Schizotypal
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Greg has been diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder. Knowing this, which of the following jobs would he be most likely to enjoy?
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a. Night-time security guard who works alone
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The five factor model
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a. is a model of normal personality that includes an expanded description of the five basic personality dimensions.
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The behavioral patterns of individuals with personality disorders
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c. are thought to be relatively consistent over time, with little adaptation to new kinds of experiences.
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Stu has no friends except his brother. He would desperately love to date women but is certain no woman would be interested in him. He tried a dating service but was convinced that the secretary was trying to get rid of him because he was such a poor candidate. The most likely diagnosis for Stu is
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a. avoidant personality disorder.
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Observed changes in drinking patterns suggest that in the future
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b. the ratio of male to female problem drinkers will decrease.
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Early criminal behavior is most characteristic of
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a. antisocial personality disorder.
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Involvement in an abusive relationship (as the one who is abused) would be most expected of the individual with ________ personality disorder.
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c. dependent
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In contrast to other treatment programs, Alcoholics Anonymous
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a. offers both group and one-on-one support.
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Which of the following is most typical of the interpersonal attitudes and behaviors of someone with borderline personality disorder?
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a. Vacillation between overidealization and bitter disappointment
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Randy has been dependent on alcohol for at least ten years. Drinking has ruined his marriage, his occupational standing, and his health. If a friend told Randy that he needed to enter treatment, and Randy responded the way most alcohol dependent people do, he would probably say
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d. "Who do you think you are attacking me? You are the one with the problem."
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Concerning the causes of alcoholism,
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a. there are probably several different patterns of causes associated with several different types of alcohol dependence.
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Which of the following best explains why women tend to not "hold their booze" as well as men?
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b. Women metabolize alcohol less quickly than men.
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The central problem of schizoid personality disorder is
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d. an inability to form attachments to other people.
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Amphetamine psychosis resembles
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b. Oddness or eccentricity
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The main difference between borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder is that
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c. both exploit others but the person with borderline personality disorder does it due to an angry reaction to disappointments and the person with antisocial personality disorder does it for gain and without guilt.
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According to the DSM-IV-TR, which of the following must be true for a personality disorder diagnosis?
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d. The person's behavior problems must cause them distress or impairment.
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Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of dependent personality disorder?
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a. High neuroticism and high agreeableness
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Transient psychotic symptoms are seen in which of the following personality disorders?
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d. Paranoid and schizotypal
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Which statement about crack cocaine use is accurate?
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b. Chronic users develop sexual dysfunctions and a disinterest in sex.
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Self-mutilation, such as is seen in borderline personality disorder, is
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c. done to reduce anxiety and depression.
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Which type of child is most likely to show the personality traits of a psychopath as an adult?
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a. One who has fearlessness, low anxiety and high callousness
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Why might opiate antagonists be used in the treatment of alcoholism?
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b. To minimize cravings
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Drug abuse and dependence are most common in what age group and in what type of community?
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b. Adolescence and young adulthood; economically depressed communities
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Tom tells you that he can make his roommate take out the trash by simply thinking about his roommate doing it. He agrees with you that this could sometimes just be a coincidence, but he seems to truly believe he can sometimes get people to do things just by thinking about it. You find him understandable when he talks, but sometimes hard to follow. His clothes are messy and don't match. Tom tells you not to tell anyone about his power, because he knows that other people don't like him because they are jealous and they would hurt him if they could. The best diagnosis for Tom is
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c. schizotypal personality disorder.
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Impulsivity and extreme instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood best characterize
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d. borderline personality disorder.
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Which of the following statements is NOT true of treating personality disorders?
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d. People with both an Axis I and an Axis II diagnosis are easier to treat than people with just an Axis II disorder because they have more distress.
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Which type of treatment for alcoholism has been found to be most effective?
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d. All were about equal
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Which of the following is NOT part of the clinical picture in antisocial personality and psychopathy?
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a. Careful planning of future activities that will help their families.
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The presence of psychopathy
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a. is the single best predictor of future violence and crime recidivism.
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Which basic personality traits from the five factor model seem most important in the development of paranoid personality disorder?
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c. Antagonism and neuroticism
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Individuals who seem odd and eccentric to others may have personality disorders from
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a. Cluster A.
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Which of the following is both a stimulant and a hallucinogen?
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c. Ecstasy
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Unlike psychoactive substance abuse, psychoactive substance dependence usually involves
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a. physiological symptoms such as tolerance and withdrawal.
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Lori is vain and self-centered. When she goes out, it is not at all uncommon for her to do things that ensure she is the center of attention. Her close friends describe her as a "drama queen." Assuming that her behavior is sufficient to warrant an Axis II diagnosis, which of the following personality disorders is she most likely to be diagnosed with?
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c. Histrionic
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Which of the following is most typical of the interpersonal attitudes and behaviors of someone with borderline personality disorder?
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a. Vacillation between overidealization and bitter disappointment
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Which of the following statements is true about alcohol use?
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c. Alcoholism increases the risk of suicide.
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The individual with ________ personality disorder is likely to be described as rigid and cold.
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c. obsessive-compulsive
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What is the main difference between Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)?
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c. People with OCPD don't have true obsessions or compulsions like people with OCD have.
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The fear of abandonment is seen in both borderline and dependent personality disorder. A key difference is their reaction to it:
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b. The person with borderline personality disorder gets angry and the person with dependent personality disorder becomes submissive.
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"I am a person who has an affliction-I cannot drink like social drinkers. Spiritual change may help me in recovering from my addiction, but I will be an alcoholic for life." The person who said this would feel most comfortable in ________.
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b. Alcoholics Anonymous
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Which of the following statements about alcohol problems is accurate?
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b. The average life span of an alcoholic is twelve years shorter than the average citizen.
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Which basic personality traits from the five factor model seem most important in the development of schizoid personality disorder?
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b. High introversion and low openness to feelings
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Observed changes in drinking patterns suggest that in the future
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b. the ratio of male to female problem drinkers will decrease.
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Which of the following has legitimate medical uses, but is associated with both physiological and psychological dependence and lethal overdoses?
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b. Barbiturates
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Which of the following is a factor that complicates determining the causes of personality disorders?
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a. The high likelihood that an individual with one personality disorder may also have another
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Endorphins
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b. are opium-like substances produced by the body.
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Which of the following is most likely to be used to produce sleep?
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a. Barbiturates
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What core belief might explain the behavior of the individual with dependent personality disorder?
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a. "I am helpless."
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Alcohol's effects on ________ explain its ability to impair judgment.
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c. glutamate
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Like many individuals with personality disorders, individuals with histrionic personality disorder are rarely able to maintain relationships over time. Why?
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d. Their need for attention and manipulation is likely to drive others away.
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Glenna believed that Sam loved her and that she could not live without him. When he told her he did not want to see her again, she became violently angry and manipulated him into staying with her by threatening suicide. Which of the following personality disorder does Glenna's behavior suggest she might have?
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d. Borderline
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Visual, attentional, and memory deficits comparable to those seen in schizophrenia have been documented in ________ personality disorder.
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c. schizotypal
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Both a lack of parental indulgence and parental overindulgence have been proposed as explanations for ________ personality disorder.
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d. narcissistic
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The "clusters" of personality disorders found in the DSM-IV-TR are grouped based on
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c. symptom or feature similarities.
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Hattie has a dependent personality disorder. This means that she
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c. has acute discomfort when she is alone.
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Sam shows little emotion and is loner. He has no social relationships, other than his family, and he seems to experience little pleasure, if any. What personality disorder might Sam have?
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b. Schizoid
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Which of the following is NOT a Cluster B personality disorder?
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a. Depressive
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In research studies, in addition to failing to learn to avoid punishment, psychopaths
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c. did not show normal fear potential startle responses.
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People find Adam difficult to be around. His behavior is unpredictable and erratic but most often is annoying to others. He doesn't seem to learn from his bad experiences, instead he keeps repeating the same mistakes over and over. His family says Adam has been like this since at least junior high school. Adam most likely has
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d. a personality disorder.
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Antisocial personality disorder differs from the other Cluster B disorders in that
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b. a need for approval or attention is not displayed.
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Which of the following best accounts for why women are more likely to be diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder than men?
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b. The symptoms tend to be maladaptive exaggerations of traits normally seen in women.
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Harold is perfectionistic and extremely concerned with maintaining a set routine. He probably suffers from ________ personality disorder.
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b. obsessive-compulsive
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Transient psychotic symptoms are seen in which of the following personality disorders?
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d. Paranoid and schizotypal
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The best current research shows that children of parents with antisocial personality disorder who were adopted into other families
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c. developed antisocial personality disorder at higher rates only if their adoptive family had problems, such as marital conflict.
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Unlike disorders like depression and PTSD,
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a. personality disorders develop gradually.
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The behavioral patterns of individuals with personality disorders
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c. are thought to be relatively consistent over time, with little adaptation to new kinds of experiences.
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The first stage in the treatment of any form of substance dependence is
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b. treating physical withdrawal symptoms.
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The reciprocal influence model is best described as a ________ explanation for teen drinking.
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cognitive
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Which of the following is a common personality characteristic of those who later abuse alcohol?
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c. strong need for praise and admiration
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Rosa comes to you for treatment of her alcohol abuse. You suspect that she might have some other Axis I disorder as well. Why is it important for you to evaluate her Axis I status?
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d. The co-occurrence of another mental disorder has a very significant effect on treatment outcome.
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Which of the following countries has the highest per capita rate of alcohol consumption?
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b. France
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Korsakoff's psychosis is now known as
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d. alcohol amnestic disorder.
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Aversive conditioning for alcoholics
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d. involves pairing alcohol with something unpleasant like electric shock.
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Alcoholic psychosis may occur due to
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a. low thiamine levels.
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An involuntary reoccurrence of perceptual distortions can occur weeks or months after taking a particular drug. The phenomenon is called ________; the drug is called ________.
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b. a flashback; LSD
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Controlled drinking - teaching alcoholics to drink in moderation -
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b. seems to work for some people with less severe alcoholism.
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A moderating variable is
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b. something that influences the connection between two other variables.
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Which parenting skill or parental behavior is most associated with adolescent substance use?
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d. Lack of monitoring the adolescent's activities
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The individual with which of the following Axis I diagnoses is most likely to also abuse alcohol?
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b. Depression
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Tina has been using cocaine for many months. She decides to stop. She can expect
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d. to have depression, fatigue, disturbed sleep, and increased dreaming.
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Opium and heroin
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a. were originally used by physicians as pain relievers.
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Dialectical behavior therapy is
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a. a promising, problem-focused treatment for borderline personality disorder.
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Luisa is a lively and emotional graduate student. She dresses provocatively and behaves in a very seductive manner with her male professors. She has had a long string of short-lived, stormy romances. Luisa is most likely to have a diagnosis of
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a. histrionic personality disorder.
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A cognitive explanation for schizoid personality disorder proposes that the individual with this disorder believes that
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a. he is basically alone.
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Histrionic personality disorder is most likely to be diagnosed in people who
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c. are attention-seeking and overly emotional.
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While the individual with ________ personality disorder appears cool and aloof, the individual with ________ personality disorder is best described as odd.
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b. schizoid; schizotypal
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Some people always think that everyone is looking at them and talking about them, wishing to be like them. This self-focused view of the world would be expected in someone with ________ personality disorder.
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c. narcissistic
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Heavy drinking during pregnancy, especially the early part, often causes
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c. aggressiveness and withdrawal in the child.
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Your text describes two commonly recognized psychotic reactions to alcohol. They are
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c. what used to be called "delirium tremens" and "Korsakoff's psychosis."
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Alcoholic blackouts
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c. can occur with just moderate drinking.
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Which of the following is the most significant barrier to getting an alcoholic into treatment?
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c. Overcoming denial
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"Crack" is a form of
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b. cocaine.
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The main reason addicts gave for using heroin was
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a. pleasure.
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In what type of treatment are clients taught to recognize situations that are likely to trigger drinking?
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c. Relapse Prevention Treatment
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Judd has been drinking heavily for a number of years. When he is not drinking, he experiences profuse sweating and shakes. This indicates that Judd
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b. has withdrawal symptoms when he abstains from alcohol.
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Which of the following is most typical of the interpersonal attitudes and behaviors of someone with histrionic personality disorder?
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d. repeated manipulation of others to gain attention
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An employee evaluation: "He takes what he wants rather than earns it. He hates routine and boredom more than anything else. Thrill-seeking and impulsive actions have gotten him fired from this job. It will get him fired at many others." What kind of disorder does the employee illustrate?
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b. Psychopathy
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There is a general agreement among researchers that personality
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b. can be characterized by five basic trait dimensions.
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The individual with avoidant personality disorder behaves most similarly to someone with ________ personality disorder.
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c. schizoid
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Which basic personality traits from the five factor model seem most important in the development of schizoid personality disorder?
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b. High introversion and low openness to feelings
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The borderline personality differs from histrionic disorder in that
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d. the central role of sexuality is not present.
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Individuals with personality disorders
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c. are unable to live up to societal expectations.
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The individual with avoidant personality disorder is unlikely to develop lasting relationships as a result of his or her
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b. fear of rejection.
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Unlike psychoactive substance abuse, psychoactive substance dependence usually involves
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a. physiological symptoms such as tolerance and withdrawal.
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The drug that can create a state most like psychosis is
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b. LSD.
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Brendan has been using marijuana daily for more than six years. If he stops using the drug, we may expect
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a. withdrawal-like symptoms such as nervousness and changes in sleeping and eating.
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The reciprocal influence model of alcohol use suggests that
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a. expectancies of social benefit can influence adolescents to begin or to continue drinking.
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Cirrhosis of the liver
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c. is caused by overworking the liver trying to assimilate large amounts of alcohol.
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Which of the following best explains why women tend to not "hold their booze" as well as men?
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b. Women metabolize alcohol less quickly than men.
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The best description of the biological component of personality disorders is
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c. personality traits are inherited that predispose a person to developing a personality disorder.
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Because they are regarded as being different from standard psychiatric syndromes, the personality disorders are
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c. coded on Axis II.
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The individual with ________ personality disorder is likely to be described as rigid and cold.
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c. obsessive-compulsive
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Emily calls her husband every day at work to ask him what she should make for dinner. She spends her days at her mother's, because Emily worries that something will go wrong in her own home that she won't be able to handle. Even though she paints and draws well, Emily has never tried to take a class or use her talent, because she says she knows she really isn't good enough. Emily's most likely diagnosis is
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b. dependent personality disorder.
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Donna has borderline personality disorder. She is in therapy, but progress is slow. One problem is that some days she thinks her therapist is the most wonderful person in the world. On other days, she thinks he is worthless and untrustworthy. This type of thinking is called
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b. splitting.
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Barbituate withdrawal
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b. is more dangerous and long-lasting than most drugs.
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Unlike psychoactive substance abuse, psychoactive substance dependence usually involves
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a. physiological symptoms such as tolerance and withdrawal.
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Endorphins
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b. are opium-like substances produced by the body.
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A moderating variable is
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b. something that influences the connection between two other variables.
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Passing out from a high blood level of alcohol
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a. may actually be a safety device
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Antisocial personality disorder differs from psychopathy in the antisocial personality disorder is accurate?
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c. The personality disorder most often associated with alcohol abuse is antisocial personality disorder.
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What "border" did the term "borderline" in borderline personality refer to?
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d. The behavior exhibited by people with borderline personality disorder lie on continuum between neurotic and psychotic disorders.
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The tension-reduction model of alcoholism
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a. does not explain why some excessive drinkers are able to maintain control over their drinking while others are not
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Sam shows little emotion and is a loner. He has no social relationships, other than his family, and he seems to experience little pleasure, if any. What personality disorder might Sam have?
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b. schizoid
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Which of the following is a consequence of organic impairment resulting from long-term substance use, as opposed to being a consequence of drug toxicity?
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a. alcohol amnestic disorder
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The reciprocal influence model suggests that
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b. it may be possible to interrupt the cycle by changing expectancies about drinking
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Carl has psychopathy. You would expect him to
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b. be very interested in rewards and to continue his behavior quickly if rewards don't come as often as they did.
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An example of a moderating influence would be
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a. the effect of time on outcome expectancy about alcohol
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Personality disorders were once known as
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a. character disorders
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Which of the following men has an alcohol-risk personality?
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c. sean, who is impulsive, risk-taking, and poor at planning
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Which of the following statements is NOT true of treating personality disorders?
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d. People with both an Axis I and an Axis II diagnosis are easier to treat than people with just an Axis II disorder because they have more distress
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In contrast to schizoid individuals, those with avoidant personality disorder
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c. are extremely upset by their lack of social relationships
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Misdiagnosis are common when looking at potential personality disorders because
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b. may of the personality disorders share common features
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Which statement about personality disorders is accurate?
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a. the category is broad and encompasses behavioral problems that vary widely in form and severity
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About half the individuals with borderline personality disorder also qualify for a diagnosis of ______ as some time.
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c. a mood disorder
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Which of the following is a factor that complicates determining the causes of personality disorders?
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a. The high likelihood that an individual with one personality disorder may also have another
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Which of the following is true about the connection between psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder?
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b. many people who have antisocial personality disorder do not have psychopathy
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Impaired memory and concentration, sluggishness, lack of motor coordination, and brain damage are side effect associated with excessive use of
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c. sedatives
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Hope believes that she is the "star" of her graduate class and that the other students dislike her because they are jealous of her superior intelligence. She believes that she is entitled to be exempted from an important exam because of her outstanding performance in class. Hope probably suffers from
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b. Narcissistic personality disorder
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Why does it make sense to view addiction as a mental disorder?
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a. The symptoms reflect behaviors that involve the pathological need for a substance.
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Children of mothers who use crack
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c. are at risk for being mistreated by their mothers
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______ personality disorder is much more common in men than women and involves the exploitation of others without remorse.
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a. antisocial
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Antisocial personality disorder differs from psychopathy in that antisocial personality disorder
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c. focuses more on observable behaviors
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Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of obsessive compulsive personality disorder?
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a. high conscientiousness and low compliance
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Which statement about alcohol abuse disorders and other psychological disorders is accurate?
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c. The personality disorder most often associated with alcohol abuse is antisocial personality disorder
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Schizophrenic disorders seem to be most strongly linked genetically to
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b schizotypal
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Alcohol withdrawal delirium
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c. typically lasts from three to six days
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Bill is an alcoholic. His wife, Marge, has a lot of ready excuses she uses to explain to his boss, their friends, and their children to explain his frequent absences. This is an example of
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b. why treatment needs to include identifying factors that may encourage drinking
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In 2005, which of the following accounted for 11 percent of all drug-related emergency room admissions?
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d. heroin
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Which statement about crack cocaine use is accurate?
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b. chronic users develop sexual dysfunctions and disinterest in sex
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At a young age, children are not able to understand that the world that others experience is different from their own. Children also tend to overestimate their own abilities. A failure to outgrow these youthful characteristics might explain the development of _______ personality disorder.
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d. narcissistic
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Avoidant personality disorder is extremely similar to and hard to distinguish from
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a. generalized social phobia
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Which of the following is a diagnosis found in the DSM-IV-TR?
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d. Substance-Dependence Disorder
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Keith constantly complains life is just "what you do while you're waiting to die" with a mood constantly that of a "sad sack." He says his job at the factory is lousy, but it is the best he can do (although he has a college degree in business). He doesn't' see the point in trying to change anything because he doesn't believe things will ever get better. What is Keith's most likely diagnosis?
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b. depressive personality disorder
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John has a great need for oder and perfectionism. He can't leave the house until every hair is in place, and he has been known to iron the same shirt over and over to ensure that he is wrinkle-free. What personality disorder does John's behavior suggest?
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c. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
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Binge drinking in college
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c. can lead to may alcohol-related health and life problems.
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Helena has avoidant personality disorder. She is likely to
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d. be hypersensitive to any sign of criticism or rejection
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Who is most likely to develop antisocial personality disorder?
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d. A child with conduct disorder and A or B
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