Abnormal Psych – Exam 1 – Flashcards
42 test answers
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers 42question
Europe in Middle Ages Views (500 A.D. - 1350)
answer
As Rome declined near 500 A.D., demonological views returned Church rejected scientific research Lots of stress and anxiety due to war, uprisings, and plague Outbreaks of "mass madness" occurred
Unlock the answer
question
Tarantism
answer
A mass madness where people suddenly would dance, jump, and go into convulsions Treated by dancing the tarantella - caused by being bitten and possessed by a wolf spider
Unlock the answer
question
Lycanthropy
answer
A mass madness where people believed they were possessed by wolves or other animals
Unlock the answer
question
Johann Weyer
answer
First physician to specialize in mental illness Considered the founder of the modern study of psychopathology
Unlock the answer
question
Renaissance Views (1400 - 1700)
answer
Science prevails again and demonology subsided again (J. Weyer) until around mid-16th century Shrines built across Europe devoted to the humane and loving treatment of people (Gheel, Belgium) Asylums began to emerge; however, quickly overflowed and become virtual prisons w/ filth conditions & cruelty (From converted hospitals & monasteries)
Unlock the answer
question
Bethlehem Hospital
answer
Famous asylum that was so bad that patients were chained to walls and screamed
Unlock the answer
question
Nineteenth Century Views (1700 - 1800)
answer
Mental patient treatment began to improve again La Bicetre: first site of asylum reform located in Paris Major changes to patient care w/more sympathy: Philippe Pinel & William Tuke Moral Treatment emerged
Unlock the answer
question
Moral Treatment
answer
Treating people w/ mental dysfunction emphasizing moral guidance and humane and respectful treatments Popular in Europe and then the U.S. Was the methods of Pinel & Tuke Downfall: not all patients could be successfully treated simply by applying humanity and dignity
Unlock the answer
question
Benjamin Rush
answer
Responsible for early spread of Moral Treatment w/in the U.S. Considered the father of American psychiatry
Unlock the answer
question
Early 20th Century Views (1800 - 1900)
answer
Somatogenic perspective: view that abnormal psychology has physical causes Psychogenic perspective: view that the main causes are psychological instead Freud and psychoanalysis
Unlock the answer
question
Methods of Collecting Data
answer
Case Study Correlational Method Experimental Method
Unlock the answer
question
Case Study
answer
A detailed description of a person's life & psychological problems (history, present circumstances, & symptoms) PROS: Can be a source of new ideas about a behavior that open the door to new discoveries May offer tentative support for a theory May show the value of new therapeutic techniques May offer the opportunity to study unusual problems that do not occur often CONS: Reported by biased observers who want to see their treatments succeed Rely on subjective evidence Provide little basis for generalization
Unlock the answer
question
Biological Model
answer
Illness brought on by malfunctioning parts of the organism - typical brain anatomy/chemistry Factors: genetics, evolution, & viruses Treatments: drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, and psychosurgery CONS Limiting since some expect all human behavior to be explained by biology only Treatments can produce bad side effects
Unlock the answer
question
Psychodynamic Model
answer
Behavior (normal or abnormal) is largely determined by underlying subconscious psychological forces Therefore, all behavior is determined by past experiences Freud Treatments: free association, therapist interpretation, catharsis, and working through CONS Concepts are hard to reach No way to know if these subconscious forces are actually occurring Limited research support over the years
Unlock the answer
question
id
answer
Force that produces instinctual needs, drives, and impulses
Unlock the answer
question
Ego
answer
Force that employs reason & operates in accordance with the reality principal (knowing we can not always express out id impulses out right)
Unlock the answer
question
Superego
answer
Force that represents a person's values & ideals, our conscious
Unlock the answer
question
Freud's Developmental Stages
answer
Each stages challenges the id, ego, and superego Oral - first 18 months Anal - 18 months to 3 years Phallic - 3 years to 5 years Latency - 5 years to 12 years Genital - 12 years to adulthood
Unlock the answer
question
Free Association
answer
Psychodynamic technique where the patient describes any thought, feeling, or image that comes to mind
Unlock the answer
question
Therapist Interpretation
answer
The interpreting of resistance, transference, and/or dreams
Unlock the answer
question
Resistance
answer
Unconscious refusal to participate fully in therapy
Unlock the answer
question
Transference
answer
Redirection toward the therapist of feelings associated w/ important figures in a patient's life, now or in the past
Unlock the answer
question
Catharsis
answer
Reliving of past repressed feelings in order to settle internal conflicts and overcome problems
Unlock the answer
question
Working Through
answer
Same issue is examined over and over in the course of many sessions
Unlock the answer
question
Behavioral Model
answer
• Focuses on the responses an organism makes to its environment • Explanations and treatments based on principles of learning • Conditioning: classical, operant, & modeling CONS • No evidence that people w/ psych disorders are victims of improper conditioning • Improvements in the office do not always carry over to real life • Some say the model is too simplistic
Unlock the answer
question
Conditioning
answer
• Operant: learn to behave in certain ways as a result of receiving a reward • Modeling: learn responses simply by observing other individuals and repeating their behaviors • Classical: learning occurs when two events repeatedly occur close together in time (Pavlov)
Unlock the answer
question
Systematic Desensitization
answer
Type of classical conditioning where clients w/ phobias learn to react calmly instead of w/ intense fear to the objects or situations they dread
Unlock the answer
question
Cognitive Model
answer
Albert Ellis & Aaron Beck Cognitive processes are at the center of behaviors, thoughts, and emotions (IE: assumptions, attitudes, and illogical thinking processes)
Unlock the answer
question
Carol Rogers
answer
• Pioneer of the humanistic perspective • Developed client-centered therapy
Unlock the answer
question
Diathesis-stress explaination
answer
Must first have a biological, psychological, or sociocultural predisposition to develop a disorder and must then be subjected to episodes of severe stress
Unlock the answer
question
Idiographic
answer
Of a particular individual
Unlock the answer
question
Reliability
answer
The consistency of assessment measures
Unlock the answer
question
Validity
answer
Accurately measure what it is supposed to measure
Unlock the answer
question
Projective Tests
answer
Clients interpret vague stimuli, such as inkblots or ambiguous pictures, or follow open-ended instructions such as "Draw a person." Famous: Rorschach test Thematic Apperception Test Sentence-Completion Tests Drawings
Unlock the answer
question
Response Interviews
answer
Measure a person's response in one specific area of functioning, such as affect, social skills, or cognitive processes
Unlock the answer
question
Psychophysiological Tests
answer
IE: polygraph
Unlock the answer
question
Defense Mechanisms
answer
• Repression: blocking painful or dangerous thoughts • Denial: refusing to acknowledge the source of anxiety • Projection: projecting your unacceptable impulses, motives, or desires to other people • Rationalization: creating a socially acceptable reason for an action that reflects unacceptable motives • Displacement: Person has hostility away from dangerous object and onto a safer substitute • Intellectualization: repressing emotional reactions in favor of overly logical responses to a problem • Regression: Retreating from upsetting conflict to an early developmental stage where no one is expected to be mature or responsible
Unlock the answer
question
DSM-5 Categorical VS. Dimensional
answer
Categorical: name of the diagnosis indicated by symptoms Has clear boundaries, little room for misinterpretation, very linear Dimensional: rating of how severe a client's symptoms are and how dysfunctional the client is across various dimensions of personality IE: Continuum - varying possibilities along dimensions
Unlock the answer