question

Fear differs from anxiety in that:

answer

fear- physiological and emotional response to a serious treat to one's well-being; anxiety- ...response to a vague sense of threat or danger

question

Anxiety disorders differ from everyday experiences of fear and anxiety in:

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it is too severe, too frequent, lasts too long, or is triggered too easily

question

The most common mental disorders in the US is the:

answer

anxiety disorder

question

a college student who is so anxious that he can't function unless his clothes are arranged by color and type in his closet is experiencing:

answer

obsessive-compulsive disorder

question

a person who frequently experiences terror attacks, and goes to the ER complaining of shortness of breath, rapid heart rate, and feelings of impending death, although nothing is medically wrong is experiencing:

answer

panic disorder without agoraphobia

question

a professor who becomes anxious unless students sit in alphabetical order, turn in their papers in alphabetical order, and leave tests in that same order is experiencing:

answer

obsession?

question

a person who constantly feels upset and nervous, so much that it interferes with work is experiencing:

answer

generalized anxiety disorder

question

college students who always become so anxious when taking a test that they can't remember even simple things that they know quite well are experiencing:

answer

text anxiety?

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A lasting and groundless fear of a specific object, activity, or situation is called:

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phobia

question

Max is upset because he can't stop thinking he is forgetting something and constantly goes back to his apt to check. this is a behavior of:

answer

obsessive-compulsive disorder

question

Every one in awhile, Ona feels nervous to the point of terror. It seems to come on suddenly and randomly. Her experience is an example of:

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a panic attack

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Raphael was outside the WTC when it exploded. Ever since he has periods of anxiety and sleeplessness. This is an example of:

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post-traumatic stress disorder

question

Leila always feel threatened and anxious- imaging something awful is about to happen. She is able to work, but not as well as she'd like. She is probably experiencing:

answer

unpredictable negative events

question

A person who is restless, keyed up, and on edge for no apparent reason is experiencing:

answer

free-floating anxiety

question

Someone interested in the effects of social change, poverty, and race on the risk for generalized anxiety disorders probably represents the ______ perspective.

answer

sociocultural

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"Who wouldn't be afraid all of the time? We have AIDS, crime, bombs, etc." This complaint is consistent with a _____ explanation of GAD

answer

cognitive

question

One limitation of the sociocultural approach to understanding GAD is that:

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Theorists have yet to explain why some develop the disorder while others do not.

question

Which theoretical position explains the origin of anxiety disorders are overrun of defense mechanisms by neurotic or moral anxiety?

answer

psychodynamic

question

According to Freud, GAD is most likely to result when:

answer

growing up

question

Psychodynamic theorists would predict that high levels of anxiety in adulthood would be positively related to earlier:

answer

overprotectiveness?

question

"Phobic and GAD arise when people stop looking at themselves honestly with acceptance and instead deny their distort through their true thoughts, emotions, and behavior." This explanation would be offered by:

answer

Humanistic perspective

question

If you criticized everything you did, looking for flaws, and never could measure up to your personal standards, you would be exhibiting what Rogers called:

answer

conditions of worth

question

Which theory states that people develop GAD because they failed to receive unconditional positive regard as children and evaluate themselves with conditions of worth?

answer

Humanistic perspective

question

If I believe there is a dire necessity for me to be loved or approved by everyone and that is catastrophic is things are not the way I want them, I am displaying basic:

answer

irrational assumptions

question

A person who believes that it is awful and catastrophic when things are not the way he or she would like them to be is displaying:

answer

maladaptive assumptions

question

A person who believes that one should be thoroughly competent, adequate, and achieving in all possible respects is displaying:

answer

basic irrational assumptions

question

Cognitive therapists believe that GAD is induced by:

answer

maladaptive assumptions

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Research on the cognitive explanation for the development of generalized anxiety shows that people with generalized anxiety symptoms:

answer

excessively worry

question

Cognitive researchers have found that lives full of anxiety most often are associated with:

answer

stressful events

question

If your therapist gave you homework that required you to challenge your faulty assumptions and replace them with healthier ones, the therapist would be using:

answer

rational-emotive therapy

question

The therapy for GAD developed by Albert Ellis is called:

answer

rational-emotive therapy

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The therapist who developed a cognitive therapy for anxiety disorders that is based on his therapy for depression is:

answer

Beck

question

Until recently, the evidence that GAD is related to biological factors come largely from:

answer

family pedigree studies

question

Evidence in support of the biological understanding of generalized anxiety is supported by the finding that:

answer

benzodizapines provide relief from anxiety

question

Benzodiazepines are believed to be effective in treating GAD because they mimic the effect of ____ at certain receptor sites in the limbic system and hypothalamus.

answer

gamma-aminobutyric acid

question

GABA is related to:

answer

generalized anxiety disorder

question

If you wanted a drug to improve the functioning of GABA, you would choose:

answer

benzodiazepines

question

"Please flex your biceps. Now release your biceps. Now flex your thigh. Now release it." These statements might be made by a therapist using:

answer

relaxation training

question

Devon is being treated for anxiety. He is connected to an instrument that records muscle tension. His job is to try to reduce muscle tension. This is an example of:

answer

biofeedback

question

A friend asks you whether to try relaxation training or biofeedback to reduce anxiety. Based upon present research, your best answer is:

answer

relaxation training

question

An intense, persistent, and irrational fear that is accompanied by a compelling desire to avoid the object of the fear of interfering with the life of the person is called:

answer

specific phobia

question

How do phobias and common fear differ?

answer

a phobia is more intense and persistent and the desire to avoid the object or situation is greater.

question

Steve is afraid of eating in public, expecting to be judged negatively and to feel humiliated. He would most likely be diagnosed with:

answer

social phobia

question

Which theoretical position explains the origin of phobias as due to classical conditioning?

answer

behaviorist perspective

question

..during a rainstorm. Today, he is extremely afraid of trees. A behaviorist would say he acquired this fear by:

answer

classical conditioning

question

Rainforest, struck by lighting... now afraid of trees.. what is the conditioned stimulus?

answer

trees

question

Davon watched his father recoil from a snake in fear. Now he is afraid of snake. This apparent acquisition of fear of snakes is an example of:

answer

modeling

question

According to behavioral theory, specific learned fears become a generalized anxiety disorder through a process of:

answer

classical conditioning

question

Karen was bit by a tan pony. She was then afraid of the tan Great Dane. Fear of this dog is an example of:

answer

stimulus generalization

question

Apparently, people develop phobias more readily to such objects as spiders and the dark than they do to computers and radios. This observation supports the idea of:

answer

preparedness

question

If the idea of "preparedness" is accurate, then:

answer

...

question

Someone who believes that among our ancestors, those who feared animals, darkness and heights were more likely to survive long enough to reproduce, represents the _____ explanation of the development of phobias.

answer

evolutionary

question

Someone who believes that experiences teach us early in life that certain objects are legitimate sources of fear represents the _____ explanation of the development of phobias.

answer

environmental

question

A phobic person is taken to a snake-handling convention in order to actually confront snakes as part of desensitization training. This is an example of the ____ technique.

answer

flooding

question

A phobic person is taught to imagine the feared items as part of desensitization training. This is an example of the ____ technique.

answer

systematic desensitization

question

You are suffering from arachnophobia. Your therapist first has you go through relaxation training, then has you construct a fear heirachy and, finally, has you go through a phase of graded pairings of spiders and relaxation responses. This approach is called:

answer

in vivo desensitization

question

Pairing the thought of feared objects and relaxation training is:

answer

covert desensitization

question

The first step in treatment of systematic desensitization is:

answer

relaxation training

question

Your fear of spiders is debilitating because because you are an entomologist. To treat this phobia, your therapist puts you in a room with spiders, even asking you to handle them. This technique might be used in:

answer

flooding

question

If you were afraid of dogs and your therapist treated you by interacting with dogs while you watched, you would be receiving:

answer

vicarious conditioning

question

One procedure used to treat phobic disorders involves having the therapist confront the feared object or situation while the fearful client observes. This is called:

answer

vicarious conditioning

question

In vicarious conditioning, the client:

answer

observes the therapist who confronts the feared object or situation

question

A phobic person is exposed to computer graphics that simulate real-world situations. This is an example of the ____ technique.

answer

virtual reality

question

Research indicates that the best therapy for treating a social phobia is:

answer

antidepressant medications

question

Rosa's heart was racing from the four cups of coffee she had just finished, but she thought she might be having a heart attack. Her fear seemed to be increasing without end. This might be the beginning of a:

answer

panic attack

question

You notice someone who is sweating, experiencing shortness of breath, choking, feeling dizzy, and is afraid of dying. If it is not a heart attack but an indicator of anxiety disorder, it is probably a:

answer

panic attack

question

A person who experiences unpredictable panic attacks combined with dysfunctional behavior and thoughts is probably experiencing:

answer

panic disorder

question

The phobia most often associated with panic disorder is:

answer

agoraphobia

question

One who is experiencing a panic disorder would most likely also be phobic about:

answer

traveling in public places where escape might be difficult or help unavailable

question

The drug treatment that is most effecting in treating panic disorder is like that used to treat:

answer

depression

question

Panic disorder appears to be related to abnormal activity of which neurotransmitter?

answer

norepinephrine

question

Antidepressant drugs are frequently effective in treating panic attacks. This may mean that the disorder is related to levels of the neurotransmitter:

answer

norepinephrine

question

The proportion of panic-attack sufferers who are helped at least somewhat by antidepressant drug is about:

answer

35%

question

Antidepressants and alprazolam (Xanax) have been found to be successful in treating:

answer

panic attacks

question

What type of drug is alprazolam (Xanax)?

answer

benxodiazepine

question

The cognitive explanation for panic disorders is that people who have them:

answer

misinterpret the physiological events that are occurring within their bodies

question

Imagine that researchers investigating panic disorder gave you a drug that caused you to hyperventilate and your heart to beat rapidly. You would have been a(n):

answer

biological challenge test

question

Panic attacks are usually treated with cognitive therapy and/or:

answer

interoceptive exposure

question

According to cognitive theorists, people who have anxiety sensitivity:

answer

interpret their bodily sensations as potentially harmful

question

People who experience a positive event, get excited, breathe harder, and have an increase in their heart rate, then interpret the symptoms as a heart attack, are experiencing what cognitive theorists call:

answer

...

question

Ted has a high degree of:

answer

anxiety sensitivity

question

When someone checks the stove ten times to make sure it is turned off before leaving in the morning, he or she is exhibiting a(n):

answer

obsessive-compulsive disorder

question

The yearly prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the US is about:

answer

1-2%

question

About what proportion of the normal population become irritated if forced to depart from their normal routine?

answer

40%

question

If a professor had the notion that there were germs lurking everywhere, the professor would be experiencing:

answer

obsessive idea

question

Maxine started worrying about cleanliness when her first child was born. That worry has intensified and she cannot stop thinking that germs lurk everywhere. She is exhibiting a(n):

answer

obsessive idea

question

Sally is never sure of the right thing to do. She married Todd and has been wondering for years if that was the right thing to do. She is exhibiting:

answer

obsessive doubts

question

Jethro hates his mother-in-law and can't seem to stop imagining her lying in a pool of blood, in pieces. These thoughts are interfering with his daily life. He is exhibiting:

answer

obsessive wishes

question

Sam is displaying:

answer

checking compulsions

question

Someone who can tell you exactly how many ceiling tiles there are in each classroom and how many people's names were in the credits of the movie he watched last night is exhibiting a:

answer

counting compulsion

question

Someone who is anxious unless her books are perfectly lined up on her desk and who must eat the food on her plate in a balanced order is exhibiting a:

answer

balance or order compulsion

question

Someone who made sure that he had his passport, airplane ticket, and hotel reservation form exactly every 5 minutes for an entire day is exhibiting a(n):

answer

checking compulsion

question

A professor who puts on rubber gloves before grading papers and religiously avoids any contact with the hands of students is exhibiting a(n):

answer

touching compulsion

question

What is one important way obsessions and compulsions are related?

answer

obsession is thought, compulsion is acting upon the thoughts

question

A psychodynamic theorist finds that a client is experiencing a battle between anxiety-provoking id impulses and anxiety-reducing ego defense mechanisms. She is sure this underlying conflict explains her client's:

answer

reaction formation

question

Long-term studies of those with obsessive-compulsive disorder show that obsessive thoughts in many cases eventually lead to:

answer

compulsive acts

question

If someone leads a life of service to others in order to counter his hatred and contempt for the poor and destitute, this person is exhibiting what psychodynamic theorists would call:

answer

undoing

question

The defense mechanism that involves doing good works in order to cancel out one's previous bad acts is called:

answer

undoing

question

An obsessive-compulsive person who was told that everyone was required to wear shoes at all times in the hose and not to vacuum for a week, would be experiencing what therapy procedures?

answer

exposure and response prevention

question

Studies of the effectiveness of exposure and prevention therapy most often have focused on ____ compulsions.

answer

...

question

One of the drawbacks of exposure and response prevention as a therapy is that it:

answer

in as many as one-quarter fail to improve at all

question

"Everyone has unwanted thoughts. ...they act in ways that they hope will neutralize the thoughts." The type of theorist most likely to agree with this quote would be a:

answer

cognitive theorist

question

According to the cognitive theorists, compulsive acts serve to ____ obsessive thoughts.

answer

neutralize

question

A friend of yours says, "I'll try to see only the positive side of thins, then everything will be okay." From a cognitive perspective, your friend is:

answer

using neutralizing techniques

question

If a client were instructed to tape-record obsessive thoughts and listen to them for two hours each day, the client would be experiencing what therapy technique?

answer

habituation training

question

A neurologist who was working with a person with obsessive-compulsive disorder would be suspicious of abnormality in what region of the brain?

answer

orbitofrontal cortex and the caudate nuclei

question

the neurotransmitter implicated in the control of obsessive-compulsive disorder is:

answer

serotonin

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