Abcd – Flashcard
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A condition in which bone becomes riddled with holes is called
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osteoporosis.
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A muscle ________ contains a sarcolemma, sarcoplasm, myofilaments, and myofibrils.
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Fiber
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A layer of collagen fibers that surrounds an entire muscle is called _
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Epimysium
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A patient takes a medication that blocks ACh receptors of skeletal muscle fibers. What is this drug's effect on skeletal muscle contraction?
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reduces the muscle's ability for contraction
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After death, muscle fibers run out of ATP and calcium begins to leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the sarcoplasm. This results in a condition known as
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rigor mortis.
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After nervous stimulation stops, what prevents ACh in the synaptic cleft from continuing to stimulate contraction?
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acetylcholinesterase destroying the ACh
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As ATP binds to the myosin head at the beginning of a muscle contraction cycle, the myosin head immediately
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detaches from actin.
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As a skeletal muscle contraction is initiated, acetylcholine binding alters the motor end plate membrane's permeability to
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sodium ions.
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Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process?
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osteoclast
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Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle ________.
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A) has gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional syncytium
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Each myosin head has a binding site for
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actin and ATP.
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Each skeletal muscle fiber is controlled by a motor neuron at a single
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neuromuscular junction.
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Elevated levels of calcium ion in the blood stimulate the secretion of the hormone
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calcitonin.
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Excess secretion of growth hormone during adulthood will cause
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acromegaly.
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Excessive growth hormone prior to puberty could result in
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gigantism
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Fat is stored within the
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medullary cavity.
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For intramembranous ossification to take place, which of the following is necessary?
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An ossification center forms in the fibrous connective tissue.
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Granulation tissue is composed of
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granulation tissue is composed of clotted blood, extensive capillary network, fibroblasts
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How is vitamin D (vitamin D3) related to calcium homeostasis in bone?
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Vitamin D is involved in calcium absorption by the digestive tract so calcium is available for ossification and remodeling.
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How would removing hydroxyapatite from bone matrix affect the physical properties of a bone?
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The bone would be more flexible.
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In compact bone, ________ connect adjacent lacunae, thereby providing pathways for nutrients and other materials to pass between osteocytes.
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Canaliculi
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In order for high force crossbridges to form in contracting skeletal muscle, calcium must
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bind to troponin which moves the tropomyosin.
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In some cases the epiphyseal plate of the long bones of children closes too early. What might be the cause?
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elevated levels of sex hormones
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In the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows ________.
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by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis
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Intramembranous ossification begins with differentiation of ________ cells.
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mesenchymal
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Mary is 50 years old and has entered menopause. During a checkup, a bone scan reveals the beginnings of osteoporosis. Her physician suggests hormone therapy. What hormone might she prescribe for her patient?
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estrogen
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Mature, less active bone cells are termed
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osteocytes
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Muscle fascicles are separated by
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epimysium
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Muscle tissue has all of the following properties EXCEPT ________.
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secretion
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Normal bone formation and growth are dependent on the adequate intake of ________.
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calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D
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Osteogenesis is the process of ________.
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bone formation
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Receptors for acetylcholine are located on the
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motor end plate.
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Scar tissue is the result of
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large numbers of collagen fibers and relatively few blood vessels in the injured area.
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Secondary ossification centers occur
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in the epiphyses.
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Select the correct statement regarding tissue repair.
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Inflammation causes capillaries to dilate and become permeable.
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Smooth muscle is characterized by all of the following except ________.
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there are more thick filaments than thin filaments
