A Pocket Guide to Public Speaking 5th edition Part 1 – Flashcards
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Rhetoric
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Is Greek Making effective speeches, Particularly those of a persuasive nature.
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Agora
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a public square in the city of Athens back in the 5th century where public speaking took place
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Forum
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Public speaking skills in a public space
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Dyadic communication
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Happens between two people, in a conversation. Is form of communication.
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Small group communication
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Involves a small number with one another. Is form of communication.
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Mass communication
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Occurs between a speaker and larger audience. Is form of communication.
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Public Speaking
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A speaker delivers a message with a specific purpose. Is form of communication. Communication Process Elements needs to be complete.
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Source
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An element of any communication event. The person who creates a message
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Encoding
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An element of any communication event. The process of converting thoughts into words
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Decoding
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An element of any communication event. Audience members decoding the meaning of the message
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Feedback
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An element of any communication event. The audience's responses to a message, verbally or nonverbally.
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Message
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An element of any communication event. Is the content of the communication process
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Noise
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An element of any communication event. Is in interferes with the message
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Channel
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An element of any communication event. The media through which the speaker sends a message
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Shared Meaning
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An element of any communication event. Is the mature understanding of messages between speakers in audience
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Context
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Includes anything that influences the speaker the audience, the occasion, and does ultimately the speech
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Rhetorical Situation
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Or circumstance calling for a public response
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Audience Centered
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is that the speech keeps the needs, values, attitudes, and wants of the listener in focus.
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Public- Speaking anxiety
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fear associates with communicating with an audience as a speaker
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Pre- Preparation anxiety
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early stage and comes the minute they are told they will be giving a speech
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Preparation anxiety
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feeling overwhelmed planning. Hit a roadblock, procrastination, or just avoided the planning.
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Pre-Performance anxiety
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stress during rehearsal
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Anxiety stop- time technique
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Allow the anxiety for a few minutes, but then declare yourself to have confidence.
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Performance anxiety
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In Speak speechmaking is probably most pronounced when we utter the first words of speech in our most aware of the audience attention
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Visualization
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Is a highly effective way to reduce nervousness
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Ethos
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Is a Greek word meaning character
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Speaker Credibility
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Revolve that people place their greatest trust in speakers who, have solid grasp of the subject, display sound reasoning skills, Are honest in and unmanipulative, Are genuinely interested in the welfare of their listeners
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First Amendment
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Which guarantee freedom of speech
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Defamatory
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A speech that can harms a persons reputation
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Reckless disregard for the truth
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That is if you knew that what you were saying was false but said it anyway.
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Public discourse
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Speech involving issues of important to the large community
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Invective
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A speech that steers clear of verbal attacks
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Dignity
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To ensuring that listeners feel worthy, honored , or respected as individuals
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Integrity
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Singles the speaker incorruptibility. Will always tell the truth
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Trustworthiness
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Is a combination of honesty and dependability. Is an ethical rule.
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Respect
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in a speech is demonstrated when the audience is treated as humans and is refraining from any personal attacks. Is an ethical rule.
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Responsibility
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Means Being accountable for what you say. Is an ethical rule.
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Fairness
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making one effort to see all sides and issues and acknowledging the information listener needs in order to make informed decision
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Hate Speech
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Is any offensive communication- verbal or - That is nonverbal - that is directed against people racial, ethnic, religious, gender, or other characteristic.
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Plagiarism
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the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.
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Common Knowledge
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Information that is likely to be known by many people
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Direct Quotaton
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is when the speech uses word for word made by someone else
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Paraphrase
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is when there is a restatement of someone else s ideas, opinions, etc.
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Summary
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is when there is a brief overview of someone ideas, opinion, etc.
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Copyright
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Is a legal protection afforded the creators of original literary and artistic works.
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Public Domain
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Which means anyone may reproduce it
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Fair use
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Which permits the limited use of copyrighted works without permission for the purpose of scholarships
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Creative Commons
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Is in organization that allows creators of works to decide how they want other people to use their copyrighted work
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Selective Perception
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people pay attention selectively to certain while ignoring others.
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Dialogic communication
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Is the open sharing of ideas an atmosphere of respect.
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Feedback loop
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Is when the speaker and the audience encourage communication
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Active Listenig
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Listening that is focused in purposeful isn't possible under conditions that distract us.
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Listenig distraction
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Is anything that competes for attention we are trying to give to something else.
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Defensive Listenig
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Is when the listener is focusing on what he is going to say next and not what the speaker is saying.
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Listening
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We listen selectively to important information, things related to our experiences, and sort and filter on what we already know (values).
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How to make Audience listen
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-touch upon their experiences, use analogies for comprehension, use presentation aids to reinforce message, and uncover listeners' interests
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Overview
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1. Determine speech purpose. 2. Compose thesis. 3. Develop main points. 4. Gather supporting materials. 5. Use 3 major parts: introduction, body, conclusion.
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Ethnocentrism
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It is the belief that the ways of one's own culture is superior to those of other cultures. Avoid this.
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Types of speeches
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1. Informative. New info, new insights, new ways of thinking about a topic. 2. Persuasive. Intended to influence the attitudes, values, beliefs, and actions of others. 3. Special occasion. Preparing for a specific occasion for a specific purpose for that occasion.
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Strategies to overcome anxiety
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1. Prep and practice. 2. Modify thoughts and attitudes. 3. Visualize success. 4. Breathe. 5. Practice gestures. 6. Move as you speak. 7. Seek pleasure in the occasion. 8. Concentrate on message not self. 9. Accept nervousness as normal.
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Employers seek
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1. Communication skills. 2. Honesty and integrity. 3. Teamwork skills. 4. Interpersonal skills which are one-on-one conversations
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5 parts of process of speech
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1. Invention. Discovering types of evidence and arguments used to make case. 2. Arrangement. Organizing speech best suited to topic and audience. 3. Style. Way speaker uses language to express speech ideas. 4. Memory. Practice speech until delivered artfully. 5. Delivery. Verbal and nonverbal behavior when speaking.
