A & P Chap 22 – Flashcards

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question
What is the primary form in which carbon dioxide is carried in blood?
answer
as a bicarbonate ion in plasma
question
Which parts of the respiratory system function as the main sites of gas exchange?
answer
alveoli
question
Which of the following is the primary factor in oxygen attachment to, or release from, hemoglobin?
answer
partial pressure of oxygen
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What determines the respiratory rhythm in the body?
answer
medullary respiratory centers
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What is the most powerful respiratory stimulant in a healthy person?
answer
blood carbon dioxide level
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What is the amount of air that can be exhaled with the greatest possible exhalation after the deepest inhalation called?
answer
vital capacity
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What is the driving force behind pulmonary ventilation?
answer
volume changes of the thoracic cavity
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Which of the following is NOT a physical factor that influences pulmonary ventilation? -partial pressure of oxygen in the air -airway resistance -alveolar surface tension -lung compliance
answer
partial pressure of oxygen in the air
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Which of the following processes are unique to the respiratory system?
answer
pulmonary ventilation and external respiration
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What is ventilation-perfusion coupling?
answer
Matching the amount of gas reaching the alveoli to the blood flow in pulmonary capillaries
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Which of the following represents all of the processes involved in respiration in the correct order?
answer
Pulmonary ventilation; External respiration; Transport of respiratory gases; Internal respiration
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Which of the following respiratory structures is more commonly known as the "throat"?
answer
Pharynx
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Which of the following are the two main functions of the larynx.
answer
Voice production; to act as a switching mechanism to route air and food into the proper channels.
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The _________________ is also known as the "guardian of the airways".
answer
epiglottis
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The smallest subdivisions of the lung visible with the naked eye are the _____________, which appear to be connected by black carbon in smokers.
answer
lobules
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Systemic venous blood that is to be oxygenated in the lungs is delivered by the ____________, and the ____________ provide oxygenated systemic blood to lung tissue.
answer
pulmonary arteries; bronchial arteries
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________, the difference between the intrapulmonary and intrapleural pressures, prevents the lungs from collapsing.
answer
Transpulmonary pressure
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Quiet inspiration is ____________, and quiet expiration is ______________.
answer
an active process; a passive process
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Which form of CO2 transport accounts for the least amount of CO2 transported in blood?
answer
Dissolved in plasma
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Which of the following is the most powerful respiratory stimulant?
answer
Rising CO2 levels
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The structures within the respiratory system's conducting zone include the trachea and the paranasal sinuses. T or F
answer
True
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The alveoli are also known as alveolar sacs. T or F
answer
False
question
Dalton's law of partial pressures states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted independently by each gas in the mixture. T or F
answer
False
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Dalton's law of partial pressures states that when a gas is in contact with a liquid, that gas will dissolve in the liquid in proportion to its partial pressure. T or F
answer
False
question
Emphysema is distinguished by permanent shrinkage of the alveoli. T or F
answer
False
question
Although lung cancer is difficult to cure, it is highly preventable. T or F
answer
True
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