Question 1

Behaviorism was

Accepted Answer

a reaction to what the behaviorists perceived as a lack of scientific rigor in psychoanalysis.

Question 2

A contemporary of Pinel\'s in England who started a Quaker religious retreat for the mentally ill was

Accepted Answer

William Tuke.

Question 3

The first classification of mental disorders involved

Accepted Answer

recognizing symptoms that occurred together often enough to be regarded as a type of mental disorder.

Question 4

Free association and dream analysis

Accepted Answer

provide insight into the workings of the unconscious

Question 5

Why are correlational (observational) research designs often used in abnormal psychology?

Accepted Answer

It is often unethical or impossible to directly manipulate the variables involved in abnormal psychology.

Question 6

What is the most important limitation of correlational studies?

Accepted Answer

They cannot determine cause and effect.

Question 7

Kraepelin is credited with

Accepted Answer

identifying different types of mental disorders.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT an example of the three phenomena that the term resilience has been used to describe?

Accepted Answer

After failing French the first time, Carl earned a passing grade when he took the course for a second time.

Question 9

What do the three psychosocial viewpoints addressed in this chapter all have in common?

Accepted Answer

All emphasize the impact of early experiences.

Question 10

Which parental style is characterized by warmth, control, and communication?

Accepted Answer

authoritative

Question 11

Which method for studying genetic influences fails to control for the possible effect of sharing a common environment?

Accepted Answer

pedigree method

Question 12

Learning not to do something because you are punished when you do it is an example of

Accepted Answer

instrumental conditioning.

Question 13

Suppose that the presence of a particular gene is a necessary cause for the occurrence of schizophrenia. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A person with that gene may or may not become schizophrenic.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about brain dysfunction and psychiatric disorders is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Identifiable brain damage is often the cause of psychiatric disorders.

Question 15

A psychologist who studied the relationship between sociocultural factors and mental disorders would be most likely to study

Accepted Answer

poverty and racial discrimination.

Question 16

A diathesis can best be described as a

Accepted Answer

contributory cause.

Question 17

Which of the following did Freud believed played a causal role in the development of most forms of psychopathology?

Accepted Answer

anxiety

Question 18

Often a mental illness develops shortly after some traumatic event has happened in one\'s life. The event that seems to have caused the illness can be described as a

Accepted Answer

proximal causal factor.

Question 19

According to cognitive theorists, a lot of information that contributes to a person\'s psychopathology

Accepted Answer

is processed at a nonconscious level.

Question 20

A predisposition towards developing a disorder

Accepted Answer

is called a diathesis.

Question 21

A major factor associated with a child\'s rejection by peers is

Accepted Answer

overly aggressive behavior.

Question 22

Sammy was deprived of his mother and father\'s love as a child. Operant conditioning theorists would believe his childhood would result in ________; cognitive theorists would emphasize the deprivation\'s effect on ________.

Accepted Answer

a lack of social skills; dysfunctional self-schemas

Question 23

While having a gene for Parkinson\'s Disease guarantees that Parkinson\'s Disease will develop, this is not the only factor that can lead to Parkinson\'s disease. In other words, the presence of the gene is a ________, but not a ________.

Accepted Answer

sufficient cause; necessary cause.

Question 24

Attractive children and unattractive babies tend to be treated differently. In other words, an infant\'s physical phenotype may alter how others respond to him or her. What type of genotype-environment correlation is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

evocative

Question 25

Etiology is

Accepted Answer

the causal pattern of a disorder.

Question 26

Which of the following statements regarding divorce and psychopathology is true?

Accepted Answer

There is a positive correlation between psychopathology and divorce.

Question 27

It is a hot day and a child sprays you with a garden hose. You might react with amusement (and even thanks!) or considerable anger. The fact that one event can be interpreted in different ways is central to the ________ approach to therapy.

Accepted Answer

cognitive

Question 28

From the cognitive-behavioral perspective, an important limitation with the behavioral perspective is the fact that

Accepted Answer

behaviorists failed to attend to the importance of mental processes.

Question 29

A protective factor is

Accepted Answer

an influence that modifies a persons response to environmental stressors.

Question 30

The interpersonal perspective

Accepted Answer

emphasizes social rather than inner determinants of behavior.

Question 31

An child consistently identified as behaviorally inhibited is most likely to

Accepted Answer

be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder in adulthood.

Question 32

The loss of a parent may be

Accepted Answer

Both a diathesis and/or a stressor.

Question 33

In order to develop chicken pox, one must be exposed to the virus that causes chicken pox. Note, however, that not everyone who is exposed to the virus is affected. In other words, the virus is a

Accepted Answer

necessary cause.

Question 34

One of Freud\'s major contribution to current perspectives of mental disorders is

Accepted Answer

the concept of the unconscious and how it can affect behavior.

Question 35

Cognitive-behavioral psychologists believe that abnormal behavior

Accepted Answer

results from distorted thinking and information processing.

Question 36

While not all people who develop lung cancer are smokers, the likelihood of developing lung cancer is increased in those who smoke. In other words, with respect to cancer, smoking can be described as a

Accepted Answer

contributory cause.

Question 37

If having a gene for Parkinson\'s Disease guarantees that Parkinson\'s Disease will develop, the presence of the gene can be described as a

Accepted Answer

sufficient cause.

Question 38

Tracy and Shahid are both 3 months old. Tracy is highly active, easily irritated, and cries easily. Shahid is quiet, adapts easily to change, and seems fearless. These differences illustrate

Accepted Answer

differences in temperament.

Question 39

Schemas

Accepted Answer

may be a source of psychological vulnerability.

Question 40

If fraternal twins are more likely to be concordant for a trait than other siblings, can it be concluded that the higher concordance rate is due to the greater degree of genetic relatedness?

Accepted Answer

No, because fraternal twins are no more genetically alike than other siblings.

Question 41

Ian was predisposed to being very aggressive with his peers in school, who responded by rejecting him. Later in life Ian began to associate with other aggressive youth and to participate in a variety of delinquent behaviors. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

the way the genotype may shape the phenotype.

Question 42

Which of the following most accurately describes the notion of different viewpoints of abnormal behavior?

Accepted Answer

Each viewpoint offers its own explanation of abnormal behavior.

Question 43

One prominent theory of the origin of depression hypothesizes that, if one becomes hopeless about his or her future, then he or she will become depressed. Thus, in this theory, hopelessness may be said to be a ________ cause of depression.

Accepted Answer

sufficient

Question 44

If trait is highly heritable, it would be expected that

Accepted Answer

the concordance rate for monozygotic twins would be greater than the concordance rate for dizygotic twins.

Question 45

Why is it difficult to determine the nature of the relationship between divorce and the psychological functioning of family members?

Accepted Answer

Cause and effect cannot be determined as preexisting behavioral abnormalities in either the parents or the children may make divorce more likely.

Question 46

A behaviorally-oriented clinician tells her alcohol dependent client: \"Here is a checklist I want you to fill out each day. Whenever you feel you need a drink, you should indicate what you were thinking, where you were, who you were with, and whether you went ahead and drank.\" What procedure is the clinician using?

Accepted Answer

self-monitoring

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT a problem with the benzodiazepines?

Accepted Answer

tardive dyskinesia

Question 48

Which of the following best explains why the the Rorschach is less likely to be used today?

Accepted Answer

treatment facilities often require other types of information than the Rorschach provides

Question 49

Behavior therapy is based on the belief that

Accepted Answer

abnormal behavior is learned the same ways as normal behavior and can be unlearned.

Question 50

Jack tells his therapist about a dream in which he struggles to drive a car that takes him in directions he does not want to go. The therapist interprets the dream to mean that Jack is trying to get control of his career future but feels he is being controlled by others. This suggests that the

Accepted Answer

manifest content of the dream is the story of trying to drive the car.

Question 51

Psychological assessment refers to the

Accepted Answer

procedures used to summarize a client\'s problem.

Question 52

Joan was surprised that, when she went to therapy, her therapist didn\'t ask her questions, but just listened to her talk. She said she felt very comfortable with the therapist and felt she could say anything at all and be accepted, unlike with her critical parents. She said she could try out new ideas and the therapist was always warm and nonjudgmental. Joan was probably in

Accepted Answer

client-centered therapy.

Question 53

Dr. Bruce says \"Its beneficial features are the ability to map ongoing psychological activities of the brain without injecting radioactive substances into the patient\'s body. In addition, they are much more widely available procedures than what was used before.\" What is Dr. Bruce describing?

Accepted Answer

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Question 54

While most anti-anxiety drugs act on ________, Buspar acts primarily on ________

Accepted Answer

GABA; serotonin

Question 55

Reasons individually administered IQ tests may not be used include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

they have low reliability.

Question 56

Abby is participating in cognitive-behavioral therapy to treat her depression. Her therapist

Accepted Answer

will help her conduct \"experiments\" to test a variety of hypotheses about the accuracy of her cognitions.

Question 57

Which of the following is a form of behavior therapy that is commonly used in the treatment of anxiety disorders?

Accepted Answer

systematic desensitization

Question 58

There are two general categories of psychological tests used in clinical practice. They are:

Accepted Answer

intelligence tests and personality tests

Question 59

What does it mean if Carol scores high on the Schizophrenia scale of the MMPI?

Accepted Answer

Carol\'s answers were comparable to those given by a group of schizophrenics.

Question 60

Process-experiential therapy is a combination of

Accepted Answer

client-centered therapy and Gestalt therapy.

Question 61

The Brady family is attending family therapy sessions. The therapist has told them, \"If the whole family context changes, Marcia\'s problem behavior will change as well.\" The family therapist probably agrees with the ________ therapy approach.

Accepted Answer

structural family

Question 62

What recent changes have altered the types of therapy that are available?

Accepted Answer

There is an increased need to prove that therapy is effective.

Question 63

Which of the following would best address recent criticisms of the TAT?

Accepted Answer

use more modern pictures

Question 64

A major advantage of the atypical antipsychotic drugs is that

Accepted Answer

they have a low risk of movement related side effects.

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