Biology Exam – Flashcards
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Energy moves through food chains from heterotrophs to autotrophs. T or F
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false
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Heterotrophs get energy form...
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organic molecules, cellular respiration, and from breaking down food molecules
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The process in which plants capture energy and make organic molecules is known as...
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Photosynthesis
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Based on the cycle of photosynthesis and cellur respiration, one can say that the ultimate original source of energy for all living things on Earth is...
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the sun
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photosynthesis: oxygen :: cellur respiration: ______
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carbon dioxide
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The source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis is....
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water
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While one type of electron chain in photosynthesis is used to form molecules of ATP, a second electron chain is used....
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in forming molecules of NADPH
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During photosynthesis, the series of reactions that create the complex carbohydrates needed for energy and growth is called....
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the Calvin cycle
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When glycolysis occurs....
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a molecule of glucose is split, two pyruvates are made, and some ATP is produced.
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The Calvin cycle is not part of which process?
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cellur respiration
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Water is an end product in....
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the electron transport chain
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If oxygen is absent during the second stage of cellur respiration,
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fermentation will occur.
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For each molecule of glucose that is broken down during aerobic respiration, the Krebs cycle produces...
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2 ATP
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Energy from the sun enters living systems through _________ such as plants and certain bacteria.
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autotrophs
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Heterotrophs get energy from food through the process of _________.
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cellur Respiration
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The abundance of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere is partly because of the process of ____________.
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photosynthesis
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The third stage of photosynthesis, in which carbohydrates are produces, is called _____ _____ fixation.
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carbon dioxide
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Because of the enzyme-assisted reactions involved in photosynthesis, photosynthesis occurs best within a certain _____________ range.
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temperature
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Three factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis are light intensity, _________ ________ concentration, and temperature.
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carbon dioxide
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During the first stage of cellur respiration, glucose is converted to _________.
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pyruvate
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Fermentation allows for the recycling of NAD+ and production of small amounts of ATP under ______________ conditions.
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anaerobic.
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The relationship between photosynthesis and cellur respiration is usually described as a cycle. Explain.
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the product of one equation is the reactant of the other.
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Explain why plants cells need to have both chloroplasts and mitochondria.
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photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast and mitochondria hosts the cellur respiration process.
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Why do cells of plant roots generally lack chloroplast?
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roots dont need chloroplasts to capture light.
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Most plants are heterotrophic. T or F
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false
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During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of light, are used to forms sugar and oxygen gas. T or F
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true
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Glycolysis is carried out in the cytoplasm of cells. T or F
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true
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Carbon dioxide production by yeast, which is used in the rising of bread and the carbonation of some beverages, takes place under aerobic process. T or F
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false
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Lactic acid fermentation is a type of anaerobic process. T or F
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true
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Acid rain has...
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a low pH, may fall in the form of snow, and may contain sulfuric acid
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Chemical reactions: metabolism :: _______ : an organism
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cells
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Observation: hypothesis :: ________ predication
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hypothesis
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The English physician Ronald Ross wanted to find the cause of maleria. based on his observations, Dr. Ross suggested that the Anopheles mosquito spread malaria from person to person. This suggestion was a ......
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hypothesis
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The process by which organisms make more of their own kind is called....
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reproduction
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Homeostasis means...
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maintaining a stable internal environment
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All living organisms are composed of...
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cells
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Children tend to resemble their parents due to...
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heredity
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amphibians: acid rain :: rain forests: _________
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fire
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A hypothesis is a....
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testable possible explanation of an observation
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A scientist noticed that the number of salamanders in ponds in the Rocky Mountains was declining. This was a(n)....
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experiementation
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Scientific hypotheses are most often tested by the process of....
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experimentation
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Dr. Ross knew that the parasite Plasmodium was always found in the blood of malaria patients. he thought that if the Anopheles mosquitoes were responsible for spreading malaria, then Plasmodium would be found in the mosquitoes. This idea was a....
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predition
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The variable that is measured in an experiment is the _______ variable.
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dependent
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Scientists are using gene therapy to manage....
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cystic fibrosis
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A hypothesis that is not supported by the data that has been collected and analyzed...
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is rejected
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Most typically, the order in which the steps of scientific investigations are applied is...
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Observations, Questions, Hypothesis, Predictions, controlled testing, conclusions
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The _______ group receives no experimental treatment.
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control
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A unifying explanation for a broad range of observations is a(n) ___________.
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theory
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Stating in advance the result that may be obtained form testing a hypothesis is called _________.
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prediction
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The virus that destroys the immune system, causing AIDS, is called _______.
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HIV
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The study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and with the nonliving part of their environment is called ______.
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ecology
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Every human gene has been sequenced as a result of the ___ _____ ____.
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Human Genome Project.
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All cells have the same basic ________.
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structure
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Molecules of _______ inside cells encode information to direct their growth and development.
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DNA
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In a controlled experiement, the __________ group is the group that receives some type of experimental treatment.
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experimental
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The process of replacing a defective gene with a "healthy" gene is called _________.
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gene therapy
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What are the predicted consequences of sulfuric acid being released into the environment from a coal-burning factory?
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idk.
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Explain why it is difficult for scientists to develop a vaccine that is effective against HIV.
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every time the virus enters someone's body, it mutates from its original form.
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Explain the difference between evolution and the Theory of Evolution.
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the Theory of Evolution means that humans started as apes and transformed. evolution means to change within a species.
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Name and define 5 characteristics that are considered distinct properties of all living things.
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growth & development, cellur organization, homeostatsis, metabolism, responsiveness
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Toads that live in hot, dry regions, bury themselves in the soil during the day. What two properties of life does this behavior exemplify.
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responsiveness, homeostasis
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Acid rain has a pH above 8.f T or F
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false
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A theory is an assumption made by scientist and implies a lack of certainty. T or F
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false
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The control and experimental groups are designed to be identical. T or F
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false
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Homeostasis is the maintenance of constant internal conditions in spite of changes in the environment. T or F
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true
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The independent variable is the variable that is changed in an experiment. T or F
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true
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Researchers are not making any progress in treating or curing AIDS. T or F
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true
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Genetic engineers are trying to create crops that are less resistant to insects and microorganisms. T or F
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false
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Cystic Fibrosis is a growth disorder of cells that occurs when cells divide uncontrollably within the body. T or F
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false
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The molecule on which an enzyme acts is called...
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substrate
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Which of the following is NOT an organic compound?
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ice
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All matter is composed of...
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atoms
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ATP store energy for cells to use in the bonds between its...
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phosphates
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Acidic solutions have a pH that is...
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less than 7
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Which organic molecules are most closely related to proteins?
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amino acids
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DNA stores...
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heredity information
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Which organic molecules are classified as carbohydrates?
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sugars
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The two types of nucleic acids are....
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DNA and RNA
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Which conditions affects the functions of enzymes?
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pH, heat, and enzyme's shape
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Due to polarity of water, compounds that dissolve best in water contain....
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ionic bonds & polar bonds
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An enzyme is...
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not used up when catalyzing a reaction, lowers the activation energy of a reaction, and bonds with a substrate molecule at the enzyme's active site
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Atoms are composed of...
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protons, neutrons, and electrons
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Sharing of electrons in the outer energy levels of two atoms...
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occurs in covalent bonds
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Enzymes...
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biological catalysts
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Reducing activation energy...
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is accomplished by the action of catalysts on reactants.
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The smallest particle of matter that can retain the chemical properties of carbon is a...
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carbon atom
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Lipid fats called oils contain...
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mostly unsaturated fatty acids
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Which organic molecules below are most closely related to lipids?
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fatty acids
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A substance that is composed of only one type of atom is called a ...
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element
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The digestive enzyme pepsin works with hydrochloric acid to break down proteins in the stomach. Pepsin works best at a pH of....
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7 & 3
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Ionic bonds form between molecules that have...
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opposite charges
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The shape of a protein is primarily determined by....
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the type and sequence of its amino acids
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Amylase is a digestive enzyme that breaks down starch into...
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glucose
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All organic compounds contain the element...
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carbon
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Polysaccharides are...
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carbohydrates
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When placed in the same container, oil and water do not mix because...
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water is polar and oil is nonpolar
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Which is closely related to nucleic acids?
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nucleotides
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Name the 4 categories of organic compounds.
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carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Lipids
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Using what you know about the properties of water, explain why an insect can sit on the surface of the water without sinking?
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surface tension & cohesion
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Describe the location of the hydrogen and covalent bonds located in a drop of water.
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A covalent bond holds hydrogen and oxygen elements together. A hydrogen bond moles together two or more molecules.
