question

therapy

answer

treatment methods aimed at making people feel ether and function more effectively

question

psychotherapy

answer

typically involves an individual, couple, or small group of individuals working directly with a therapist and discussing their concerns or problems

question

insight therapies

answer

therapies aimed mainly at understanding one's motives and actions

question

action therapy

answer

a therapy that is directed more at changing behavior than providing insights into the reason for that behavior

question

biomedical therapies

answer

use of drugs, surgical methods, electric shock treatments, and noninvasive stimulation techniques

question

psychoanalysis

answer

a therapy technique designed to help patients feel more relaxed, open, and able to explore their innermost feelings without fear of embarrassment or rejection

question

dream interpretation

answer

the analysis of elements within a patents dream

question

manifest content

answer

actual dream

question

latent content

answer

hidden, symbolic meaning of those events that would, if correctly interpreted, reveal the unconscious conflicts that were creating the nervous disorder

question

free association

answer

repressed impulses and other material were trying to break free into consciousness

question

transference

answer

when the therapist becomes a symbol of a parental authority figure from the past

question

resistance

answer

the point at which the patient becomes unwilling to talk about certain topics

question

directive

answer

modern therapy of asking questions, suggesting helpful behavior, and giving opinions and interpretations earlier in the relationship

question

psychodynamic therapy

answer

typically shorter in duration and focusing on the process of transference

question

interpersonal psychotherapy

answer

a psychotherapy developed to address depression; not considered to be a psychodynamic therapy as it combines aspects of humanistic and cognitive-behavior therapies; unlike others has some research support

question

person-centered therapy

answer

Rogers; goal of therapist is to provide unconditional positive regard that is lacking in client's life and help person recognize discrepancies between real and ideal selves; called this bc the person is truly the center of the process; based on humanistic ideas

question

nondirective

answer

Rogers therapy; bc the person has to do all of the work

question

authenticity

answer

Rogers; therapist must show this in a genuine, open, and honest response to the individual

question

unconditional positive regard

answer

Rogers; warmth respect et.

question

empathy

answer

Rogers; therapist needs to acknowledge what people are feeling and experiencing by using a kind of understanding

question

countertransference

answer

therapists must avoid getting their own feelings mixed up with their client's feelings

question

reflection

answer

refers to a technique therapists use to allow clients to continue to talk and have insights without the interference of the therapist's interpretations and possible biases.

question

Basic Elements for Rogers

answer

Authenticity, unconditional positive regard, empathy

question

motivational interviewing

answer

variation of person centered therapy; has specific goals, to reduce ambivalence about change and to increase intrinsic motivation to bring that change about; used for addictive disorders, treatment of anxiety and mood disorders

question

principles of motivational interviewing

answer

express empathy, develop discrepancy between client's present behaviors and values, roll with resistance, and support client's self efficacy

question

Gestalt therapy

answer

based on humanistic ideas; person experiences unhappiness and maladjustment when the inner self does not match the mask

question

directive;nondirective

answer

Gestalt therapy is _________ and person-centered therapy is ____________

question

hidden; denied

answer

psychoanalysis focuses on ______ past whereas Gestalt therapy focuses on _______ past

question

humanistic therapy drawbacks

answer

little experimental research, people must be intelligent and verbal and be able to express thoughts

question

Philippe Pinel

answer

one of the first therapists to begin a movement towards the humane treatment of patients

question

insight

answer

psychotherapies that attempt to increase the understanding of client's motives are known as ________ therapies

question

psychodynamic

answer

although the term may apply to many therapies, transference is typically associated with _______ therapies

question

behavior therapies

answer

action based rather than insight based unlike humanistic and psychodynamic therapies

question

classical conditioning

answer

used by behavior therapists to replace old and undesirable automatic responses with new desirable ones

question

applied behavior analysis

answer

using learning techniques to change undesirable behavior; used to be called behavior modification- new term better highlights the need for functional analysis of behavior to be modified which is then followed by conditioning techniques to modify behavior

question

systematic desensitization

answer

therapist guides the client through a series of steps meant to reduce fear and anxiety and is normally used to treat phobic disorders and is a 3 step process

question

hierarchy of fears

answer

list of fears

question

aversion therapy

answer

placing an unpleasant stimulus with the stimulus that results in the undesirable response; not good for phobias bc phobia is already unpleasant

question

exposure therapies

answer

behavioral techniques that introduce the client to situations under carefully controlled conditions, which are related to their anxieties or fears

question

flooding

answer

used under very controlled conditions produces extinction of the conditioned response by preventing an escape or avoidance response

question

operant conditioning

answer

include reinforcement, shaping, modeling to change frequency of voluntary behavior

question

eye-movement sensitization and reprocessing

answer

exposure based therapy that involves very brief and repeated imaginal gloodig cognitive reprocessing and dessnisatifcatoi

question

modeling

answer

learning through observation and imitation of a model

question

participant modeling

answer

a model demonstrates the desired behavior in a step-by-step gradual process; dental office fears

question

reinforcement

answer

strengthening of a response by following it with some pleasurable consequence or the removal of an unpleasant stimulus

question

token economy

answer

objects known as tokens can be traded for food, candy, treats, or special privileges.

question

contingency contracting

answer

this contract is a formal agreement between therapist and client in which bot parties' responsibilities and goals are clearly stated

question

extinction

answer

involves the removal of a reinforcer to reduce the frequency of a particular response;time out

question

time out

answer

a child is removed from situation that provides reinforcement

question

cognitive therapy

answer

focused on helping people change their ways of thinking

question

arbitrary influence

answer

refers to jumping to conclusions without any evidence. means to decide something base on nothing more than personal whims.

question

arbitrary example

answer

suzy canceled our lunch date--I bet she's seeing someone else.

question

selective thinking

answer

person focuses only on one aspect of a situation, leaving out other relevant facts that might make things seem less negative.

question

selective thinking example

answer

Peters teacher praised his paper but made one comment about needing to check his punctuation and peter assumes that his paper is lousy ignoring the positive comments

question

overgeneralization

answer

A person draws a sweeping conclusion from one incident and then assumes that the conclusion applies to areas of life that have nothing to do with the original event.

question

overgeneralization example

answer

I got yelled at by my boss. My boyfriend is going to break up with me and kick me out.

question

magnification and minimization

answer

a person blows bad things out of proportion while not emphasizing good things

question

magnification and minimization example

answer

a student who has received good grades on every other exam believes the C she got on her last quiz means she is not going to succeed in college

question

personalization

answer

an individual takes responsibility or blame for events that are not really connected to the individual

question

personalization example

answer

when sandy's husband comes home in a bad mood bc of something that happened at work, she immediately assumes that he is angry with her

question

cognitive-behavioral therapy

answer

therapies using cognitive methods and have behavioral elements; 1. relieve symptoms and help clients solve problems, 2. help clients develop strategies that can be used to cope with future problems; 3. help clients change the way they think

question

CBT basic elements

answer

cognitions affect behavior, cognitions can be changed, and behavior change can result from cognitive change

question

rational emotive behavior therapy

answer

clients are taught a way to challenge their own irrational beliefs with more rational helpful statements; directive

question

psychodynamic therapy

answer

aims to reveal unconscious conflicts through dream interpretation, free association, resistance, and trasference

question

family counseling

answer

all of the members of a family who are experiencing some type of problem are seen by the therapist as a group

question

self-help groups

answer

are usually formed around a particular problem

question

evaluation

answer

typically shorter and less expensive than insight therapies; treating the symptom not the cause is both a feature and a criticism; especially effective for many disorders including depression anxiety disorders and personality disorders

question

token economies

answer

successful across multiple settings in the establishment of desirable behaviors and modification of problem behaviors

question

action

answer

cognitive and behavior

question

insight

answer

psychodynamic and humanistic

question

common factors approach

answer

in psychotherapy is a modern approach to eclecticism and focuses on those factors common to successful outcomes from different forms of therapy

question

therapeutic alliance

answer

most important common factor of successful psychotherapy; the relationship between the client and therapist

question

evidence based treatment

answer

refers to techniques or interventions that have produced desired outcomes or therapeutic change in controlled studies

question

culture bound values

answer

including individual centered versus other centered, verbal/emotional/behavioral expressiveness communication patterns from client to counselor; differing cultural values can cause therapists to fail at forming an empathetic relationship

question

class-bound values

answer

clients from impoverished backgrounds may have values and experiences that the therapist cannot understand

question

language

answer

speaking different languages becomes a problem in understanding what both client and therapists are saying and in psychological testing

question

nonverbal communication

answer

body language, nonverbal communication, can also differ between cultures and ethnicities

question

cybertherapy

answer

refers to psychotherapy that is offered on the internet, and the people who practice are called cybertherapists

question

biomedical therapies

answer

directly affecting the biological functioning of the brain and body

question

antipsychotic drugs

answer

drugs used to treat psychotic symptoms sic as hallucinations, delusions, and bizarre behavior

question

typical antipsychotic drugs

answer

work by blocking certain dopamine receptors in the brain namely the D2 receptor thereby reducing the effete of dopamine in synaptic transmission

question

atypical antipsychotic drugs

answer

may also suppress dopamine but to a much greater degree in the one dopamine pathway that seems to cause psychotic problems

question

antianxiety drugs

answer

address anxiety and related disorders; include the moor tranquilizers that have a sedative effect--also have potential for addiction and abuse; antidepressant drugs also used to treat anxiety disorders

question

antimanic drugs

answer

address the manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder, most commons lithium; may also include antioconvulsants and antidepressants

question

antidepressant drugs

answer

used to treat symptoms of depression and include monoamine oxidase inhibitors, try cyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

question

electroconvulsive therapy

answer

still used to treat sever depression and a few other disorders that have not responded to other forms of treatment; involves the application of an electric shock and resulting seizure that appears to normalize the balance of neurotransmitters within the brain; side effects:extreme memory loss, broken bones, have been minimized by lower levels of current and use of both muscle realxers and anesthesia

question

psychosurgery

answer

used as a last resort involves cutting into brain to remove or destroy brin tissues associated with symptoms; prefrontal lobotomies were widely used but before development of antipsychotic drugs, bilateral anterior cingulotomy is uses primarily for obsessive compulsive disorder;has also been used for depression and bipolar disorder

question

emerging technologies

answer

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; trasncranial direct current stimulation....being evaluated as treatment option for PTSD and depression; deep brain stimulation (DBS) for depression and OCD

question

addictive

answer

antidepressants are taking place of many anxiety drugs in the treatment of anxiety disorders bc anxiety drugs are more _________ and have more side effects

question

DBS

answer

shown to have promise of treatment of anorexia nervosa where other treatments have failed

ch 15 psychology – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards