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Why is it important to study the history of OT?

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The experience, social political, economic and religious influences. The changing ethic toward work.

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Moral treatment

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A change from prison like conditions to more humane treatment of people with mental illnesses. Age of Enlightenment.

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Phillipe Pinel

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Father of Moral Treatment., a French physician who was instrumental in the development of a more humane psychological approach to the custody and care of psychiatric patients, referred to today as moral treatment. He also made notable contributions to the classification of mental disorders and has been described by some as "the father of modern psychiatry".

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Wiliam Tuke

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Society of Friends ( Quakers) established the York Retreat.

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Sir William and Lady Ellis

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Regarded the hospital as a "community of family", established after care houses and night hospitals-these were half way houses to be used to help patients integrate into society easier.

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Moral Treatment in the United Sates

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Quakers brought ideas of moral treatment, by 1800's Dorthea Dix introduced the first patient bill of rights.

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20th Century Progressivism

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Not always so progressive. Industrial revolution led to increased work related injuries and chronic disabling disabilities.

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Chicago's Hull House

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Social experiment for immigrants and poor., Opened by Jane Addams in 1889 for immigrants to help with educational, social, and investigative programs.

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Susan Tracey

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The patient is the product not the article they make.Invalid occupations: keep the people busy, patient doing the process., Nurse credited for arts and crafts and for writing 1st known book for OTA "Studies invalid Occupations"

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George Barton

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Re-Education of Convalescents through employment, An architect with tuberculosis, nervous paralysis. Coined the term occupation. Founded te consolation house in Clifton Springs, N.Y.

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William Dunton

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Interest in the activity was paramount in his thinking. He had 9 principles to guide the emerging practice.1890-1920- another original founder of OT- editor of occupational therapy and rehabilitation - wrote numerous books about OT, Judious Regimen of Activity

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Dorthea Dix

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A women's rights activist that tried to improve public institutions. She used her grandparents resources to set up a charity schools to rescue absued children. She published 7 books, most imp was Conversations of Common Things. Was a treatise on natural science and moral improvement. Later she discovered insane women were jailed along side male criminals. She persuaded the massachsetts lawmakers to enlarge the state hospital to accommodate mental patients. She began a national movement to establish separtate, well funded states hospitals for those with mental illnesses. She aroused public support.

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Eleanor Clarke Slagle

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Habit training,, MOTHER OF OT, credited with HABIT TRAINING, helped organize first professional OT school, her home was UNOFFICIAL headquarters for very first AOTA

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Adolf Meyer

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A swiss physician who immigrated to the us in 1892 and later became a professor of psychiatry who expressed a point of view that eventually formed the philosophical base of profession of occupational therapy, holistic approach; he was committed to a holistic perspective and developed the psychobiological approach to mental illness, balance of habits, work, and leisure, -Involvement in meaningful activity -Rhythms and balance -Work, play, rest, and sleep

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The founding of AOTA

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The first title Society for the Promotion of Occupation Re-Education, The 1925 Principles. the founding of

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The 1925 Principles

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Purposeful work and leisure, involement of mind and body, Occupational Therapy as a Learning Process, and the practioner's personal qualities.

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Col. Ruth Robinson

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President of AOTA military person, military wanted supportive personnel.

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Marion Crampton

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Massachusetts dept. of mental health, established one month in-service for OTA's

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Mildred Schwagmeyer

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AOTA director of technical education, training of OTA moved from hospital based to academic based. The most knowledgeable in the area of OTA's.

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Ruth Brunyate Wiemer

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President of AOTA, lead the OTA's through the changes taking place.

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Individuals and Populations Receiving OT services

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All age groups,all socioeconmic and cultural backrounds, people with impairments, actvity limitations, participation restrictions,and any population that would benifit from health promotion.

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Sites of intervention

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Institutional settings, impatient hospitals, impatient mental health, impatient rehab, impatient mental health, sub-acute units/transitional care, nursing facilities, and prisons.

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Outpatient Settings

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Hospital, clinics, office visits, rehab, and partial hospitalization.

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Home and Community Settings

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Home care, halfway houses, group homes, assisted living, sheltered workshops, industry, business, schools, early intervention centers, day-care centers, community mental health centers, hospice, and wellness and fitness centers.

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Occupational Performance Standards

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Independence in ADL's, work and productive activities, play/leisure, and performance component function.

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Quality of life

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Purposeful participation as a member of a community, emotional well-being, sleep and rest, energy and vitality, and life satisfaction.

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Team members and the OT/OTA relationship

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Intervention approaches, remediation/restoration, compensation/adaptation, disability prevention, and health promotion.

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Why is it important for OT practitioners to have an understanding of, the philosophical base of the profession.

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Provides an understanding of how the profession views the nature of existence, guides the actions of practitioners, as professionals, enables the profession to grow because it enables practitioners to explain reason for existence, it also ensures the survival of the profession. Expalins why certain techniques are used and allows practitioners to communicate the value of these techniques to the patient.

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What is metaphisics?

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The ultimate nature of things, including the nature of man, the mind/body relationship, and holistic vs. dualistic. What is man?

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Epistemology

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the study of truth. Is concerned with the question of truth, how we know what we know, experience, intuition, feelings, and emotions.

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Axiology

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The study of values. Aesthetic component: What is beautiful in the world? ETHICAL- WHAT ARE THE RULES OF RIGHT CONDUCT

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The evolution of OT

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OT evolved from the moral treatment movement in the 19th century, it is based on Meyer's views about man, life, and a life worth living. This carried on into the 20th century.

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The philosophy of Adolf Meyer

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Carried his philosophies into the 20th century.What is man? Views man as holistic, man possesses a sense of time (past, present, and future) man has the capacity for imagination, and man has the need for occupation.

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How does man know what he knows? EPISTIMOLOGY

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Having the patient do rather than doing the patient.

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What is beatuiful or desirable in the world? AXIOLOGY ASTHETIC COMPONENT

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Engaging the total self that man comes to experience the pleasure in achievments. Minimizing the deficits and maximizing the stregnths.

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What are the rules of right conduct? AXIOLOGY ETHICAL COMPONENT

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Perceive patient not as an object, but as a person. Lacking the opportunity to do, man, like the squirrel, cannot control his destiny.

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Current Philosophy of Occupation?

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Man is an active being who participates in puposeful actvity for life satisfaction. OT's use of purposeful activity and occupation can improve man's well-being and health. Essential to providing OT services is a belief in our core values and attitudes. These include altruism, equality, freedom, justice, dignity, truth, and prudence.

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Patient history

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Each patient is unique, so each treatment approach must be individualized. Gather family information, vocational information, leisure and socialization.

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Environmental Considerations

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All conditions that influence and modify a person's lifestyle and activity level.

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External environment

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Climate-severe weather hazards or extreme temperatures, the effects of psyche, and effects on leisure activities.

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Community

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Urban, rural, suburban, effect on occupation, activities, and lifestyle.

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Internal environment

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Mood, emotional state, self awareness, and self-image.

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Economic environment

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Effects on occupations, job availability, salary, insurance coverage, and equipment.

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Sociocultural considerations

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Ethic or religious groups that share belief or behaviors patterns. Matriarchal vs. Patriachal cultures for example.

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Customs

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Holidays: 4th of July. Pattern or behavior that is common in a group, it is handed down form generation to generations.

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Traditions

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How you do the celebration, inherited patterns of thought or actions, surround certian occasions, ie. birthdays and holidays.

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Superstitions

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Beliefs or practices resulting from ignorance or fear of the unknown.

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Values, standards, and attitudes

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Very personal and unique to the individual, may impact our intervention.

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Severe disruptions

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Sudden changes, usually superimposed-high stress.

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Health

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A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. Not just an absence of disease.

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Lifestyle Redesign

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The key to lifestyle redesign is Individual redesign.Customizing a person's routines of daily living to maximize health.

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Areas of health promotion in OT

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ADA counseling, assisted living, community wellness programs, community redesign, ergonomics, home and private consultaion, and spirituality and hope.

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ADA

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The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.

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Ergonomics

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Study of movement to accomplish tasks.

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Roster of Honor

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AOTA's national award for OTAs for leadership in OT.

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AOTA'S ROLE IN THE DEVOLPMENT OF COTA

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RUTH ROBINSON, MARION CRAMPTON, MILDRED SCHWAGMEYER, RUTH WIEMER

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MORAL TREATMENT IN THE US

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QUAKERS BROUGHT IDEAS OF MORAL TREATMENT/MID 1800'S DORTHEA DIX FIRST PATIENT BILL OF RIGHTS

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DOMAIN

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OUTLINES THE AREA IN WHICH WE PROVIDE SERVICES

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PROCESS

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THE STRUCTURAL PIECES- EVALS

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PURPOSE OF FRAMEWORK

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-CLEARLY ARTICULATES OT'S FOCUS ON DAILY ACTIVITIES -INTERVENTIONS THAT PROMOTE ENGAGEMENT TO SUPPORT PARTICIPATION IN CONTEXT -GIVES PRACTITIONERS A WAY TO THINK ABOUT , TALK ABOUT, AND APPLY OCCUPATION

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AREAS OF OCCUPATION

answer

ADL,IADL,WORK, LEISURE, SOCIAL PARTICIPATION, REST AND SLEEP, EDUCATION, PLAY

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ADL-AOO

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TAKING CARE OF ONES OWN BODY

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IADL-AOO

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ACTIVITIES THAT SUPPORT DAILY LIFE

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WORK-AOO

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EMPLOYMENT OR VOLUNTEER ACTIVITIES

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LEISURE-AOO

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TIME NOT COMMITED TO WORK, SLEEP, SELF CARE OR SLEEP

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SOCIAL PARTICIPATION-AOO

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BEHAVIOR WITH IN THE SYSTEM

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REST AND SLEEP-AOO

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RESTORATIVE REST AND SLEEP

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EDUCATION-AOO

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FORMAL OR NOT. ALL ACTIVITIES FOR LEARNING

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PLAY-AOO

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ENJOYMENT, ENTERTAINMENT, AMUSEMENT, OR DIVERSION

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ASPECTS OF DOMAIN

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AREAS OF OCCUPATION-CLIENT FACTORS-PERFORMANCE SKILLS-CONTEXT AND ENVIRONMENT-ACTIVITY DEMANDS-PERFORMANCE PATTERNS

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CLIENT FACTORS-AOD

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ABILITIES, CHARATERISTICS, BELIEFS

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PERFORMANCE SKILLS-AOD

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OBSERVABLE, CONCRETE, GOAL-DIRECTED ACTIONS USED IN DAILY LIFE

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PERFORMANCE PATTERNS-AOD

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HABITS, ROUTINES, ROLES, RITUALS

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CONTEXT AND ENVIRONMENT-AOD

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CONTEXT; CULTURAL- PERSONAL TEMPORAL ENVIRONMENT; EXTERNAL PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTS

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ACITVITY DEMANDS-AOD

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AMOUNT OF EFFORT NEEDED FOR ACTIVITY

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PERFORMANCE SKILLS 2

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SENSORY PERCEPTION SKILLS, MOTOR AND PRAXIS SKILLS, EMOTIONAL REGULATION SKILLS, COGNITIVE SKILLS, COMMUNICATION AND SOCIAL SKILLS,

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SENSORY PERCEPTUAL SKILLS-PS2

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HOLDING AND PENCIL, WRITING AND NOT BREAKING THE LEAD

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MOTOR AND PRAXIS SKILLS-PS2

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MOTOR; TO MOVE PHYSICALLY PRAXIS; SKILLED PURPOSEFUL MOVEMENTS

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EMOTIONAL REGULATION SKILLS-PS2

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IDENTIFY, MANAGE, AND EXPRESS FEELINGS WHILE ENGAGING IN ACTIVITES

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COGNITIVE SKILLS-PS2

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PLAN AND MANAGE PERFORMANCE OF AN ACTIVITY

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COMMUNICATION AND SOCIAL SKILLS-PS2

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COMMUNICATE AND INTERACT WITH OTHERS IN AN INTERACTIVE ENVIROMENT

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HABITS-PP

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AUTOMATIC BEHAVIOR

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ROUTINES-PP

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PATTERNS THAT ARE OBSERVABLE , REGULAR AND REPETITIVE

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RITUALS-PP

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SYMBOLIC ACTIONS WITH SPIRITUAL, CULTURAL, OR SOCIAL MEANING- A COLLECTION OF EVENTS

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CULTURAL-CAE

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EXPECTATIONS BY THE SOCIETY A PERSON BELONGS TO

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PERSONAL-CAE

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AGE, GENDER, STATUS, FINANCIAL, EDUCATION

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PHYSICAL-CAE

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PLANTS, ANIMALS, BUILDINGS, HOUSE, FACTORY

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SOCIAL ENVIROMENTS-CAE

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RELATIONSHIPS, EXPECTATIONS OF PEOPLE, PLACES, GROUPS

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TEMPORAL-CAE

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PATTERNS OF DAILY OCC./ RYTHM EXAMPLE A PERSON RETIRED FOR 10 YEARS

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VIRTUAL

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FACEBOOK

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OBJECTS USED AND THEIR PROPERTIES

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TOOLS USED TO FUNCTION

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SPACE DEMANDS

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PHYSICAL ENVIROMENT, LIGHTING, SPACE, NOISE, TEMP, HUMIDITY

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SOCIAL DEMANDS

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SHARING- APPROPRIATE LANGUAGE, RULES OF THE GAME, EXPECTATIONS OF OTHERS

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SEQUENCING AND TIMING

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THE STEPS TO CARRY OUT FUNCTIONS

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REQUIRED ACTIONS

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ALL MOVEMENTS/ EMOTIONAL- COGNITIVE AND SENSORY

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REQUIRED BODY FUNCTIONS

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MOBILITY OF JOINTS, LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS

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FOR PHYSICAL FUNCTION: biomechanical

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originated by Bolderin, Taylor, and Licht adapted from Dutton

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FOR PHYSICAL FUNCTION: Neurodevelopmental Treatement

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Originated by Berta ad Karl Bobath adapted from dutton

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FOR PHYSICAL FUNCTION: Rehabilitation FOR

answer

originated by Dunton adapted from Dutton

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FOR PHYSICAL FUNCTION: Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation

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Originated by Kabat adapted from Voss, Lonta, and Meyers

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FOR fro Psychosocial Function Role Acquistion

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orginated by Anne C Mosey adapted from Mosey

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FOR fro Psychosocial Function The behavioral FOR

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adapted from Bruce & Borg

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FOR fro Psychosocial Function the psychodynamic FOR

answer

adapted from Bruce & Borg

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FOR fro Psychosocial Function The cognitive

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behavioral FOR

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PEDIATRIC-FOCUSED FOR Motor Skills Acquistion

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orginated from Gentile adapted from Kaplan & Bedell

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PEDIATRIC-FOCUSED FOR Sensory Integration

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originated by Ayres adapted from Kimball

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COGNITIVE/PERCEPTUAL FOR cognitive rehabilitation

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developed by OT's at Lowenstein Rehab Hospital adapted from Auerbuch & Kats

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COGNITIVE/PERCEPTUAL FOR Dynamic Interactional

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originated by Toglia adapted from Toglia

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COGNITIVE/PERCEPTUAL FOR The Neurofunctional Approach

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developed by Giles, Clark- Wilson, Yuen adapted from Gile

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MODELS USED IN OT Client- centered models

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Originated by Law, Christian, and Baum Adapted from Tufano and Kielhofner

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MODELS USED IN OT model of human occupation

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originated by Reilly and Kielhofner Adapted from Kielhofner

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MODELS USED IN OT Occupational adaptation

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originated by Schkade & Schultz adapted from Schultz & Schkade

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MODELS USED IN OT Occupational Science

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originated by Yerxa adapted from Tufano

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