Flashcards on Speech Final Exam

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When hiring, employers are most likely influenced by an applicant's

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oral communication skills (speaking and listening)

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In the speech communication process, anything that blocks or hinders the communication of a message is called

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interference

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A speech, says management consultant David W. Richardson, takes place in

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the minds of the listeners

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The part of a speech that links one section to another is known as a

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transition

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Bizarre clothing worn by the speaker is an example of

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interference

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In the speech communication process, the message is sent in the form of

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symbols

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"Information overload" is caused by a speaker who

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covers too much material

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Television is an example of a channel of communication.

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true

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Which of the following can cause a speech to be dull?

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unenthusiastic delivery

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If, while giving a speech, you observe that some of your listeners seem confused by your last remark, you should wait until the end of the speech to explain yourself better.

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false

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The text says that worrying about yourself and your image in a speech is a kind of

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vanity

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Which of the following does the text recommend as a way to release tension?

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inhale and exhale slowly

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If you flub a sentence or mangle an idea during a speech, you should

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pause and correct yourself without apologizing

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When practicing your speech, devote extra time to

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the introduction

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In filling your mind with images before a speech, you should picture yourself speaking with confidence, poise, and completely without nervousness.

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false

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According to the text, shyness

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is a characteristic of some successful people in show business

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In preparation for a speech, a person should read over his or her notes rather than actually rehearse the speech.

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false

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If you feel yourself approaching panic (your heart is beating furiously and so on), you should leave the room or ask to be excused from speaking.

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false

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Acting as if you are poised and confident

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sometimes leads to actually being poised and confident

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The greatest amount of anxiety in a speech is usually experienced in the

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introduction

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To confront listeners who are immersed in their electronic devices, speakers are advised by the text to try using _________ to capture audience interest.

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an attention getting introduction

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Listeners who multitask (perform a variety of activities) usually retain

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less information than listeners who just focus on the speaker

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In what country do listeners sometimes close their eyes to show respect for the speaker's ideas?

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Japan

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A headache causes which type of distraction?

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physical

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If you whisper, it is okay to talk on a cell phone while attending a presentation.

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false

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Listening occurs when your ears pick up sound waves being transmitted by a speaker

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false

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The Golden Rule of Listening is "Listen wisely and well."

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false

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A speaker who asks listeners to turn off electronic devices is

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wisely improving the odds that the audience will listen to the message

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Reading background material on a speaker's topic is something the listener should do

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before the speech

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Which one of the following options does the text consider acceptable during a presentation?

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using the vibrate option of a phone or pager

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An open-ended question on a questionnaire involves

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writing out a sentence or paragraph

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The most understood form of nonverbal communication in the world is the smile.

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true

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If listeners are already favorable toward your ideas, your task is to

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reinforce your listeners positive views

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Tailoring your speech to fit audience needs and interests is described in the text as

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customizing

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For a presentation, which approach do most international audiences prefer?

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serious

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For blind or visually impaired listeners with a seeing-eye dog, it is a good idea for a speaker to be friendly with the dog before the speech by talking to it in a soft voice.

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false

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It is acceptable to tell a joke about a certain ethnic group if no one from that ethnic group is present in the audience.

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false

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Which question is the major concern of the audience-centered speaker?

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Am i getting the message across to the listeners?

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In working with an interpreter, which of the following is NOT recommended by the text?

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talking directly to the interpreter rather than the audience

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If a blind listener brings a guide dog into the room where a speech will be delivered, what should the speaker do?

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do nothing unless the listener needs assistance

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"Food-borne illnesses" is an example of

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a topic

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"To explain how the pyramids in Egypt were constructed." According to the text, this item is

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incorrectly written

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"A parent who reneges on child-support payments should be forced to pay or be sent to prison." This is an example of

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a central idea

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"To explain to my listeners the chemical composition of vegetable oils." According to the text, this item is

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too technical for a classroom speech

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The three most popular types of speeches are informative, persuasive, and entertaining.

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true

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The three most popular types of speeches are informative, entertaining, and ____________

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persuasive

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Ed's objective for his speech is to get listeners to stop a certain behavior. What is his general purpose?

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to persuade

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Brainstorming means doing thorough research in the library.

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false

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The most important task in a speech is to communicate the

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central idea

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The textbook says that a central idea should be phrased as

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an assertion

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With so much information available on the Internet, traditional library resources are typically not needed.

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false

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An Internet catalog that starts off with broad categories, which are then subdivided into smaller categories, is known as

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subject directory

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Before starting your research, you should decide on your

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specific purpose

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For researchers, one of the most valuable resources in blogs is

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links to other sites

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If you are looking for a book that is not available in your library, the text recommends that you

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use interlibrary loan

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In most libraries, the person who is best able to help you with your research is called

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a reference librarian

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The formats of MLA and APA are designed to help you to

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cite sources

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The text says that interviewing an expert via e-mail is

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an acceptable method

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The three major research options are libraries, the Internet, and ________________

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field research

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The ____________ for an article gives the title, author's name, magazine, date, and page numbers.

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citation

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The _____________ loophole in copyright laws lets scholars, writers, and public speakers disseminate information without having to get permission for small amounts.

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fair use

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Testimonials should be handled with care because

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they do not constitute proof

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A spoken acknowledgment of the source of one's material is known as

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an oral footnote

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Researchers can trust claims that are based on testimonials.

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false

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Plagiarism in public speaking can cause public humiliation and loss of a job.

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true

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In a survey of American attitudes, the American Jewish Committee found that a large number of respondents had a low opinion of

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Wisians

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The Internet domain suffix ".com" is the least objective of all domains

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true

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Anything published before 1923 is no longer protected by copyright law.

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true

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Which one of the following can be reprinted without getting permission?

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a U.S. Department of Agriculture booklet on how to raise bees

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Paraphrasing a quotation is

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acceptable

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A speaker who says, "France is 212,000 square miles—roughly the size of Texas," is using

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statistics

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If we show that two sets of data are correlated, we prove a cause-and-effect relationship.

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false

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"A feast is a meal that is rich and abundant and includes many guests." This sentence is

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definition

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"Sleet is harsh and icy, whereas snow is soft and fluffy" is an example of

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contrast

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"Punctuation marks are like traffic signs." This sentence is

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an analogy

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The statistical device that identifies a portion of 100 is called the

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percentage

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Abbreviations such as FTC should be explained in a speech.

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true

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To paraphrase means to quote someone's words exactly.

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false

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The more statistics used in a persuasive speech, the better the speech will be.

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false

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Even the simplest, most easily understood visual aid should be discussed with the audience.

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true

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Most international audiences prefer

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visuals prepared in advance

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It is legal to download multimedia files from the Internet if they are to be used in

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classroom speeches

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The textbook says that good models for visual aids in public speaking are

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outdoor signs

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The more visual aids used, the stronger your speech.

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false

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Regarding a speaker's credibility with an audience, which one of the following statements is true?

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a speaker is better off using no visual aids than poor ones

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How many PowerPoint slides should you use in a speech?

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as many as needed to make key points

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Labels on visual aids should be

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horizontal

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Research shows that speakers are better off using no visual aids than using poor ones.

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true

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Research shows that people who are taught orally and visually can recall far more information after a presentation than those who are taught only orally.

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true

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Which part of the speech does the text recommend that you create first?

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body

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Which organizational pattern is especially popular in persuasive speeches?

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problem solution

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A speaker says, "Now we come to the most important thing I have to tell you." Which device is the speaker using?

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spotlight

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Telling what happened before, during, and after an event is an example of the chronological pattern.

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true

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A speaker says, "What I am going to explain now will help you understand the rest of the speech." Which device is the speaker using?

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spotlight

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Organizing material from north to south is an example of the spatial pattern.

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true

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In a speech on redwood trees, a speaker begins by discussing the roots, proceeds to the trunk, then the branches, and finally the leaves. Which organizational pattern is being used?

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spatial

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In the cause-effect pattern of organization, it is permissible to discuss effects first and then causes.

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true

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A speaker says, "So far, we have seen that carelessness is the main cause for industrial accidents." Which device is the speaker using?

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internal summary

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Which of the following shows a parallel grammatical form?

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If you are trapped outdoors in a thunderstorm, avoid being the tallest object in a field, stay away from poles and fences, and do not touch any metal.

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In the conclusion, the speaker should never repeat ideas or information contained in the introduction.

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false

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Issuing an appeal or a challenge at the end of a speech is an example of

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clincher

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For the first few sentences in a speech, which one of the following options would be a mistake?

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an announcement of the topic

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Rhetorical questions should be avoided in introductions.

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false

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The text says, "Quotations usually work best when they are ______________."

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short

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In career speeches, a few words spoken before your attention material is called

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an icebreaker

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In the introduction, it is acceptable to tell a hypothetical narrative (a story that did not actually happen).

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true

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Telling a story, asking a question, and using a visual aid are examples of

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attention material

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According to most attorneys, courtroom battles are usually won on the effectiveness of

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both the opening statement and the closing argument

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In an outline, one of the places where you should put a transition is between the body of the speech and the conclusion.

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true

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In an outline, it is incorrect to have _________________________ under a heading.

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only one subheading

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Concerning a complete-sentence outline and the speech itself, which one of the following statements is true?

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the speech itself should have more words that the outline

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Donald Macleod of Princeton Theological Seminary tells his seminarians that the maximum time for an effective sermon is

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18 minutes

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For an outline, which one of the following is unnecessary?

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speaker's notes

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The textbook recommends that you make a fresh set of speaking notes on the eve of your speech.

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false

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In an outline, transitions should be placed between each main point.

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true

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When you deliver your speech, you should use

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your speaking notes

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For your speaking notes on a piece of paper or note card, you should

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write on only one side

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A disadvantage of using a full sheet of paper for speaking notes is

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a sheet can cause the speaker's eyes to glide over key notes

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"The sad sister sat on a silver seat" is an example of

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alliteration

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"The Indonesians have a tough row to hoe to keep their economic heads above water." This is an example of a

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mixed metaphor

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When politicians raise taxes, but call their action "revenue enhancement," they are using

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a euphemism

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Oral language requires more amplification and elaboration than written language.

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true

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Abstract words are more likely to be remembered by an audience than concrete words.

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false

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Which one of the following is incorrect grammatically?

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the news is just between you and I

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A dictionary definition of a word is its

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denotation

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"Blind as a bat" is an example of

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cliche

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"They don't care about people, but they do care about possessions." This sentence illustrates

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antithesis

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"The deafening din of dynamite" is an example of antithesis.

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false

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When speaking to a small audience, you should establish eye contact with every listener.

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true

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If you are not feeling enthusiastic about giving a speech, you should pretend to be enthusiastic.

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true

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If you practice your speech and find that you are two minutes over the time limit, you should

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cut out material using your outline and speaking notes

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If you fear that you will cry while telling a painful personal story in a speech, you should

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tell the story after alerting the audience that you might cry

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A speech should be practiced point by point, not word for word.

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true

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It is a good idea to speak fast at the beginning of your speech so that the audience doesn't get bored.

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false

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If you are asked to speak impromptu in five minutes, the first thing you should do is decide

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your conclusion

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Which method of delivery involves speaking on the spur of the moment with no chance to prepare?

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impromptu

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Some speeches call for few or no gestures.

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true

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The text recommends that you look at the audience what percentage of the time?

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95%

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A definition speech focuses on giving a dictionary definition of a concept.

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false

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A speech recounting the history of the attack on Pearl Harbor would be which type of speech?

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informative

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Explaining Adolf Hitler's identity to a college audience

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be carried out indirectly without insulting anyone's intelligence

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"To explain to my listeners the meaning of feminism in modern America" is a specific purpose statement for which type of speech?

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definition

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An ancient Chinese proverb says, "I hear, and I forget. I see, and I remember. I do, and I ____________________."

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understand

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The text says that for a long presentation that lasts all afternoon, it is best to give a coffee or stretch break after every ___-minute period.

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45

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A speaker explains why most car thieves steal 10-year-old cars rather than new cars. The speaker is likely to use the __________________ pattern of organization.

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statement of reasons

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"To inform my audience of the reasons for the near extinction of mountain gorillas" is a specific purpose statement for which type of speech?

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explanation

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Calling on people at random is a technique that the text recommends for long presentations.

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true

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"To tell my audience about the life of Florence Nightingale" is a specific purpose statement for which type of speech?

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description

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According to the text, whether you succeed in persuasion often comes down to one key question:

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Are you trustworthy?

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Which of the following would be a mistake if offered as take-home material?

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a transcript of the speech

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Speakers should ask for a show of hands only when they are sure that most listeners will be eager and unembarrassed to make a public commitment.

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true

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In a speech of refutation, you are more likely to demolish opposing arguments if

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the opposing arguments are based on a set of erroneous facts

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Convincing your audience that democracy is expanding in China is an example of a

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speech to influence thinking

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If you explain the three factors that contribute to the rise in asthma cases, you are using which organizational pattern?

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statement of reasons

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According to the text, petition drives are almost never successful in persuading lawmakers to change their positions.

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false

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In the motivated sequence, the first step is "attention" and the second step is

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need

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A DVD about your speech topic, given to listeners at the end of your speech, is an example of what the book calls

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a leave behind

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The technique of changing one's behavior by performing scenarios and receiving critiques is called

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role play

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A speaker says, "We must change to the metric system or we will fall behind the rest of the world in science and industry." This speaker is guilty of using which kind of fallacy in reasoning?

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either or reasoning

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In a persuasive speech, your credibility is strengthened if you concede that your ideas sometimes do not work.

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true

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A speaker says, "We must adopt a vegetarian diet, or we will all die of cancer." This speaker is guilty of using which fallacy in reasoning?

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either or reasoning

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In a persuasive speech, your credibility is strengthened if you concede that your ideas sometimes do not work.

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true

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In Maslow's hierarchy, the human need to help others falls into the _______________ category of needs.

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self actualization

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Which type of logical fallacy diverts listeners from the real issue to an unrelated matter?

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red herring

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Reasoning that moves from a generalization to a specific conclusion is

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deductive reasoning

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According to the text, some emotional appeals are inherent in pieces of evidence.

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true

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The text recommends using deductive reasoning when your audience is skeptical or hostile to your central idea.

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false

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According to research, which is the more persuasive type of evidence?

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a clear vivid personal example

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A key objective of the ____________________ speech is to get the speaker and audience interested in each other.

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introduction

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A coach giving a pep talk to her team is delivering which type of speech?

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inspirational

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Which one of the following is inappropriate for a best man's speech at a wedding celebration?

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telling a joke about the groom's ex girlfriend

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According to the text, a rule of thumb is that a speech of introduction should be

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under three minutes

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A speech of tribute is defined as a speech that praises

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either a dead or living person

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To introduce a speech filled with humor, what kind of speech of introduction would be appropriate?

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a humorous speech of introduction to set the tone

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A speech of introduction should be kept under _______ minutes.

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3

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A speech of tribute should

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focus on the significance of the person's life or deeds

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A speech designed to formally bestow an award of honor is known as the speech of

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presentation

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In a speech of introduction, you should

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use the name the speaker prefers

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When you are a participant in a panel discussion, you should

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be willing to alter your position

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Alterations to an agenda should be made by participants

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at the start of the meeting

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A team presentation is like a speech given by an individual except that the content is divided among the team members.

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true

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A hidden agenda is an effective technique for small group meetings.

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false

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Meetings should not begin until all participants have arrived.

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false

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If you are part of a team and one of your team members is speaking to an audience, what signal would you send the audience if you review your notes?

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"What's being said is not very important"

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Meetings should always begin

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at the designated time

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A participant should not express views in a meeting if they are clearly contrary to the views of the majority.

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false

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The secret of a successful team, says Dean Kamen, "is not to assemble the largest team possible, but rather to assemble a team that can ___________."

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work well together

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A speech that is divided into parts, with each part delivered by a different person, is known as a

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team presentation

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A speaker who blames doctors for the rise in lung cancer deaths is engaging in

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scapegoating

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If speakers send nonverbal signals that contradict their verbal message, listeners will typically accept the nonverbal behavior as the true message.

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true

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Radio and television are examples of

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channels

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Which of the following does the text list as a component of the speech communication process?

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situation

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A speaker can cause interference in the speech communication process.

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true

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Switching your thoughts from "I'm going to fail" to "I will give the audience some good information" is a technique known as changing your

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self talk

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Gesturing or walking around a bit during your speech helps siphon off excessive nervous energy.

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true

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According to the text, a sudden bolt of panic can hit speakers who

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initially feel no fear

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Two days after listening to a 10-minute oral presentation, the average person comprehends and retains __________% of the information.

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25%

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In giving a speaker an evaluation of a speech, which should be presented first?

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positive comments

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Some audience members know a lot about your speech topic; others know nothing. Your best approach is to

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begin simply and add complexity throughout the presentation

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For listeners who are deaf or hearing-impaired, the text recommends which of the following?

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slow your rate of speech slightly

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A verb form beginning with "to" is called

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an infinitive

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In brainstorming, you should

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produce a flurry of ideas without any initial criticism

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Hidden objectives in a speech are always undesirable.

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false

question

"To entertain" is an example of a

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general purpose

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The specific purpose statement should be limited to one major idea.

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true

question

According to the text, we should eliminate hidden purposes that

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sabotage our true goal

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A good research technique is to turn your specific purpose statement into a research question.

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true

question

"Do Democrats outnumber Republicans in this state?" is an example of the _______________ type of question.

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closed

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To find out if patients using a new headache remedy are pleased with the drug, your best approach is to use

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discussion forums

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A book or magazine published before _____ is no longer protected by copyright and may be reproduced and distributed by anyone without violating the law.

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1923

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To reassure an audience that his information is accurate, a speaker says, "I got my information from Google." The speaker is

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giving a vague reference

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Which is the most reliable type of material?

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evidence

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Widespread appearance on the Internet is a strong indication that a report is accurate

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false

question

Researchers can trust claims that are based on testimonials.

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false

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A speaker says, "Former Israeli prime minister Golda Meir said, 'To be successful, a woman has to be much better at her job than a man.'" This sentence illustrates the use of

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testimony

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Imagine five people of the following ages: 32, 28, 20, 18, and 17. The 20-year-old has the __________ age.

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median

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Imagine five people of the following ages: 45, 37, 26, 20, and 18. The 26-year-old has the __________ age.

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median

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For a speech, the best time to distribute a five-page handout is

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after you finish speaking

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The text advises that you "aim for back-row comprehension." This means that you should

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make sure a visuals can be clearly seen by people in the back of the room

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In considering whether and how to use PowerPoint slides, your first step is to

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create the outline for your speech

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The best way to indicate that you have finished with a quotation is to

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pause as an oral punctuation device

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You should never bring new main points into the conclusion.

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true

question

An outline should include

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transitions

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Main points in outlines are represented by Roman numerals (I, II, III, and so on).

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true

question

According to the text, the body of a speech should have its own numbering sequence in the outline, independent of the introduction and conclusion.

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true

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If your listeners share your specialized vocation, you can use jargon in a speech.

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true

question

"The stars are diamonds in the sky." This is an example of

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metaphor

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"We want justice for ourselves, for our friends, and for our children." This is an example of

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parallel structure

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The key to effective delivery is

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a strong desire to communicate with the audience

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Pauses in speeches should be avoided because they make you look indecisive.

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false

question

"Cannahepya?" for "Can I help you?" is an example of poor

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articulation

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Which method of delivery is a person most likely to use in delivering a paper at a scientific conference?

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manuscript

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The PREP (Position, Reason, Example, Position) template is recommended for __________________ speeches.

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impromptu

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"To tell my audience about the life of Malcolm X" is an example of a specific purpose statement for a definition speech.

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false

question

"To inform my audience how a thunderstorm forms" is an example of a specific purpose statement for a process speech.

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true

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To provide variety during a long presentation, you can ask questions of listeners. The best technique is to

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call a listener's name after you ask the question

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In a process speech, the goal is always to teach the listeners how to perform the process themselves.

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false

question

In a speech to a graduating high school class, you can assume that all the students know basic information, such as the fact that Alaska and Hawaii were the last states admitted to the United States.

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false

question

Persuading people to stop smoking is an example of a

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a speech to motivate action

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To encourage listeners to call the Red Cross to volunteer for blood donation, you should try to get them to use their cell phones

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at the end of the speech

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The final step in the motivated sequence is

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action

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The statement-of-reasons pattern is a good method of organization when the audience leans toward your position but needs some justification for that leaning.

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true

question

A speaker says, "Because the Japanese make the best stereo sound systems in the world, you should consider buying a Japanese-made sound system." This speaker is guilty of using which kind of fallacy in reasoning?

answer

building on an unproven assumption

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A pediatrician sees five children in her office one winter morning. Because all five have symptoms of influenza, the pediatrician concludes that her community is experiencing an influenza epidemic. The pediatrician has used

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inductive reasoning

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In a persuasive speech, conceding that your ideas do not work in all cases

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strengthens your credibility

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A speaker says, "People who favor gun control want to turn our society over to the criminals. Therefore, we must ignore these gun-control advocates." This speaker is guilty of using which kind of fallacy in reasoning?

answer

straw man

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A speaker says, "Jackson says he believes that there is intelligent life on some other planet in the universe, but how can you believe him? He's not an astronomer; in fact, he is not a scientist at all. The only degree he has is a masters in business administration." This speaker is guilty of using which kind of fallacy in reasoning?

answer

attack on a person

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An inspirational speech is often similar to

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a persuasive speech

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An important dimension of inspirational speaking is

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delivery

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The safest kind of joke is

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self deprecating

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The speech of introduction should

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give background information about the speaker

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What is the first step in the reflective-thinking method?

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define the problem

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In a meeting, the leader should periodically summarize the group's work.

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true

question

Ideally, participants in a meeting should receive the agenda

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well before the meeting

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At the beginning of a meeting, the leader should review the purpose of the meeting and the scope of the group's power.

answer

true

question

In a meeting, the leader should periodically summarize the group's work.

answer

true

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