question

Which company cancelled contacts with 23 factories that did not meet its child-labor standards for suppliers?

answer

gap international

question

Kohlberg's preconventional level is characterized by a person's adherence to an internal moral code (T/F)

answer

false

question

A company may have come stakeholders of which it is only marginally aware (T/F)

answer

true

question

Law is defined as

answer

formal codes that permit or forbid certain behaviors

question

Employees who report illegal or unethical behavior on the part of others are known as

answer

whistle blowers

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the examples provided as an organizational benefit received from being socially responsible?

answer

they are guaranteed to maximize resource productivity and reduce the average payback period of investment

question

The justice approach to ethics proposes that actions and plans should be judged by their consequences (T/F)

answer

false

question

The Ethics Resource Center found that the percentage of employees who had engaged in one or more unethical and/or illegal action during the past year was

answer

48%

question

According to Carroll, legal responsibilities are defined by governments in laws that management is expected to obey (T/F)

answer

true

question

Kohlberg places 80 percent of U.S. adults in the principled level of development (T/F)

answer

false

question

The principle which proposes the punishment should be determined on a proportional basis to the "crime" is called

answer

retributive justice

question

The first step in stakeholder analysis is identifying those who have only an indirect stake in the corporation (T/F)

answer

false

question

"Let the buyer beware" is a traditional saying in free market capitalism (T/F)

answer

true

question

In order for a business to be sustainable, it must satisfy which of Carroll's responsibilities?

answer

all of the above

question

A study concerning social responsibility indicates that socially-responsibile firms are more likely to be welcomed into another country (T/F)

answer

true

question

Which of the following statements is true concerning secondary stakeholders?

answer

all of the above

question

Morality is defined as

answer

a general rule of conduct of personal behavior, based on religious or philosophical grounds

question

Law refers to formal codes that permit or forbid certain behaviors and may or may not enforce ethics or morality (T/F)

answer

true

question

Cultural norms and values can guide ethical behavior (T/F)

answer

true

question

According to Carroll, the responsibilities defined by government in laws for management to obey are

answer

legal responsibilities

question

Of the six values measured by the Allpot-Vernon-Lindzey Study of Values test, both U.S. and British executives consistently score highest on __ values and lowest on ___ values

answer

economic and political; social and religious

question

According to Kohlberg, the third level of moral development, characterized by a person's adherence to an internal moral code, is called

answer

principled

question

Corporation stakeholders are all constituencies that are affected by the achievement of the firms objectives (T/F)

answer

true

question

All of the following are one of the four types of moral relativism EXCEPT

answer

principled relativism

question

Economist Milton Friedman has argued that a business's only responsibility is to

answer

maximize profits and stay within the rules of the game

question

Carroll's four responsibilities listed in order or priority are

answer

economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary

question

Who said that the social responsibility of business is a "fundamentally subversive doctrine" and that they one social responsibility of business is "to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it stays with the rules of the game..."?

answer

milton friedman

question

Role relativism is based on the belief that

answer

social roles carry with them certain obligations

question

Research indicates that when faced with a question of ethics, managers tend to ignore codes of ethics and try to solve their dilemma on their own (T/F)

answer

true

question

Which of the following is one of the most common reasons given by surveyed executives for bending the rules to attain their objectives?

answer

all of the above

question

As societal values evolve, it is likely that the ____ responsibilities of today may become the ____ responsibilities of tomorrow

answer

discretionary; ethical

question

Society generally expects firms to work with employees and the company to plan for layoffs. This is an example of which of Carroll's responsibilities?

answer

ethical

question

Archie Carroll contends that the primary goal of business is profit maximization (T/F)

answer

false

question

A problem with the utilitarian approach to ethics is the difficulty in recognizing all the benefits and the cost of any particular decision (T/F)

answer

false

question

According to Kohlberg, the second level of moral development, characterized by considerations of society's laws and norms, is called

answer

conventional

question

Managers who want to improve ethical behavior should take actions such as

answer

all of the above

question

According to Kohlberg, in what stage of moral development do the majority of people in the U.S. occupy?

answer

conventional stage

question

Specific changes reported by CEOs in a survey by the Business Roundtable Institute for Corporate Ethics included all of the following EXCEPT

answer

decreased number of whistleblowers

question

In order for a business to be sustainable, it must satisfy which of Carroll's responsibilities?

answer

all of the above

question

"When in Rome, do as the Romans do" reflects which type of moral relativism?

answer

cultural relativism

question

Providing day care centers to employees is an example of which Carroll's responsibilities?

answer

discretionary

question

Friedman referred to the social responsibility of business as a "fundamentally subversive doctrine" (T/F)

answer

true

question

All of the following are one of the four types of moral relativism EXCEPT

answer

principled relativism

question

The first step in stakeholder analysis is to

answer

identify primary stakeholders

question

Using the Golden Rule and never treating another human being simply as a means but always as an end are the categorical imperatives of

answer

immanuel kant

question

According to Carroll, the responsibility that management of a business organization assumes which are purely voluntary obligations are

answer

discretionary responsibilities

question

According to Kohlberg's levels of moral development, the conventional level is characterized by considerations of society laws and norms

answer

true

question

Carroll's four listed in order of priority are

answer

economic, legal,ethical, and discretionary

question

The approach to ethical behavior which proposed that decision makers be equitable, fair, and impartial in the distribution of costs and benefits to individuals and groups is called

answer

justice approach

question

All of the following are considered primary stakeholders EXCEPT

answer

governments

question

A code of ethics was important for two reasons. The first reason is that is clarifies company expectations of employee conduct in various situations, and the second reason is

answer

that it makes clear that the company expects its people to recognize the ethical dimensions in decision and actions

question

Which one of the following is NOT one of the arguments against social responsibility as used be economist Milton Friedman?

answer

businesses can actually do very little in terms of social responsibility

question

Being known as socially responsible may provide a company with social capital, the goodwill of key stakeholders, that can be used for competitive advantage (T/F)

answer

true

question

Role relativism is based on the belief that

answer

social roles carry with the certain obligations

question

The theory of vital responsibility proposes that a private corporation has responsibilities to society that extend beyond making profit (T/F)

answer

false

question

The difference between ethical and discretionary responsibilities is that few people expect an organization to fulfill ethical responsibility (T/F)

answer

false

question

Freidman's traditional view of a business firm

answer

argues against the concept of social responsibility, primary goal of business is profit maximization not spending shareholder money for the general social interest

question

Social Capital

answer

refers to the goodwill of stakeholders

question

Characteristics of Sustainability

answer

environmental, economic, and social

question

Stakeholders

answer

have an interest in the business and affect or are affected by the achievement of the firm's objectives

question

Enterprise Strategy

answer

articulates the firm's ethical relationship with its stakeholders

question

Primary Stakeholders

answer

have a direct connection with the corporations and have sufficient bargaining power to directly affect corporate activities

question

Secondary Stakeholders

answer

have an indirect stake in the corporation but are also affected by corporate activities

question

Estimate

answer

the effect on each stakeholder from a particular strategic decision

question

Reasons for Unethical Behavior

answer

unaware the behavior if questionable, lack of standards of conduct, different cultural norms and values, behaviors based or relationship based governance systems, and different values between business people and stakeholders

question

Moral Relativism

answer

claims that morality is relative to some personal, social, or cultural standard and that there is not a method for deciding whether one decision is better than another

question

Types of Moral Relativism

answer

naive relativism, role relativism, social group relativism, and cultural relativism

question

Kohlbergs Levels of Moral Development

answer

preconventional level, conventional level, and principled level

question

Preconventional Level

answer

concern for one's self

question

Conventional Level

answer

considerations for society's laws and norms

question

Principled Level

answer

guided by an internal code of ethics

question

Code of Ethics

answer

specifies how an organization expects its employees to behave while on the job

question

Ethics

answer

the consensually accepted standards of behavior for an occupation, trade, or profession

question

Utilitarian

answer

actions are judges by consequences

question

Individual Rights

answer

fundamental rights should be respected

question

Justice

answer

decisions must be equitable, fair and impartial in the distribution of costs and benefits to individuals or groups

question

Utility Cavanagh's questions

answer

does it optimize the satisfaction of the stakeholders?

question

Rights Cavanagh's questions

answer

does it respect the rights of the individuals involved?

question

Justice Cavanagh's questions

answer

is it consistent with the canons of justice?

question

Kant's Categorical Imperatives

answer

1. actions are ethical only if the person is willing for the same actions to be taken by everyone who is in a similar situation. 2. never treat another person simply as a means by always as an end

question

Although Friedman argues his position based on the impact of socially responsible actions on a firms profit, Carroll does not (T/F)

answer

false

question

Carroll proposes that a lack of social responsibility results in increased government regulations, which reduce a firm's efficiency (T/F)

answer

true

question

Being known as a socially responsible firm may provide a company with __, the goodwill of key stakeholders

answer

social capital

question

An overachieving strategy that explicitly articulates the firm's ethical relationship with its stakeholders is called

answer

enterprise strategy

question

Relationship based countries tend to be less transparent and have a higher degree of corruption than do rule based countries (T/F)

answer

false

question

According to Carroll, the responsibility that management of a business organization has to reduce goods and services of value to society so that the firm may repay its creditors and stockholders is called

answer

economic responsibility

question

There is no truth to the comment that "business ethics" is an oxymoron (T/F)

answer

true

question

According to Kohlberg, the first level of moral development characterized for concern for self is called

answer

preconventional

question

The approach of ethical behavior which proposes that actions and plans should be judged by their consequences, thus producing the greatest benefit to society with the least harm or the lowest cost is called

answer

utilitarian approach

question

Moral relativism could enable a person to justify almost any sort of decision or action, so long as it is not determined legal (T/F)

answer

true

question

The Dow Jones Sustainability index includes

answer

environmental, economic, and social sustainability

question

The term "social responsibility", according to Carroll, can be viewed as a combination of

answer

organization's ethical and discretionary responsibilities

question

Friedman's position on social responsibility

answer

appears to be loosing traction with business executives

question

Issues in affermative action such as reverse discrimination are examples of conflicts between

answer

distributive and compensatory justice

question

All of the following are considered secondary stakeholders EXCPET

answer

suppliers

question

Rule based governance

answer

relies on publicly verifiable information

question

Vice President Sherron Watkins used the ___ analogy to explain why executives at Enron engaged in its unethical and illegal actions

answer

frogs in the boiling water

question

Which of the following companies was cited in the text as an example of a company which does its best to consider its responsibilities to its primary and secondary stakeholders when making strategic decisions?

answer

johnson & johnson

question

In any one strategic decision, the interests of one stakeholder group can conflict with another (T/F)

answer

true

question

The approach to ethical behavior which proposes that human beings have certain fundamental rights that should be respected in all decisions, thus avoiding interfering with the rights of others

answer

individual rights approach

question

The concept that proposes private corporations have responsibilities to society that extend beyond making a profit is known as

answer

social responsibility

question

Blindly following orders reflects which type of moral relativism?

answer

role relativism

question

According to the utilitarian approach, the ability to affect the company is known as

answer

power

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