COMM 226 Exam: MIS Portion – Flashcards
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What is an information system (non computerized)?
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A group of components that interact to produce information.
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What is a computerized information system?
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A five component framework of Computer hardware Software Data Procedures People
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What is hardware and what is software?
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The electronic components and associated gadgetry that constitute a computer system. Software is referring to programs or applications that run, or operate on computer systems.
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What is data?
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Data are the basic building blocks of information such as facts and observations.
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What are Procedures?
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The instructions or processes that you follow to achieve your desired objective. Could be formal and documented policies that are extensive and written down or informal instructions that are less detailed.
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What are People?
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People are actors who want to achieve a particular outcome by interacting with the system. People are often the most critical part of the information system.
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What is MIS alors? 3 components?
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MIS (Management information Systems) comprise the development and use of information systems that help organizations achieve their goals and objectives. Information Systems Development and Use of IS Achieving Business Goals and Objectives
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Why is development and use of information systems important? (Even for nontechnical people)
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Developing an IS requires knowing the problem to solve or the knowing the need(s). TO do this you must take an active role in that system's development. Beyond the development there is knowing how to use the IS. Including how to employ the system, protecting contents, backing up, restoring data etc.
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Why are Information Systems developed?
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IS systems exist to help organizations accomplish goals and objectives. IS exist to help actors (people) because organizations are not living beings, so the people are the most important asset. You must ask yourself what business goal/objective will be served by the investment in the gadget, do we really need it and does it add value to our customers?
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How does IS differ from IT? (Misleading because?)
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MAINLY People... however: Information Technology refers to methods, inventions, standards, and products. IT refers to raw technology and it concerns only the hardware, software, and data components of an information system and how they are networked together.
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Can IT help an organization?
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IT can help an organization achieve goals but only when IT is embedded into an IS...only when the hardware, software and data is combined with the people and procedure that it becomes useful.
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How important are information systems to our economy? FACTS**
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Increasingly important! Some important facts: According to Industry Canada, Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Sector, which is a relatively hidden industry, comprise nearly 1.1 million Canadians. In 2010, the ICT sector collected over $162 Billion in revenue, which accounts for 4.9% of Canadian economic output. Annual growth in this sector has been 3.8% since 2002, a growth rate that is twice as high as the overall economy. JOBS! So many jobs in the ICT sector, but more specifically the service industries side and less on the manufacturing side. The delivery of services is a growing area of employment.
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How do successful Business Professionals Use Information Systems?
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They understand the technologies and businesses well enough that you can identify opportunities for innovation through technology. Other important: -Knowing how the basics work (word processor, spreadsheet, presentations etc) -Expand knowledge of mobile devices/apps, project management software, business graphics, google docs
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What combination of skills is of growing importance in the economy?
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Communication and business skills. Along with technical skills, technology/industry experience.
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Why do business professionals need to care about IS?
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The line between business and technology is rapidly blurring. Business professionals need to consider IT and IS when they think about the problems and opportunities that confront a department or organization.
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How do you become successful?
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Develop business skills and then learn to think creatively about the challenges and opportunities in your business and organization and how you can apply new technology and knowledge of IS to addressing the business needs.
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What is Moore's Law?
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The number of transistors per square inch on an integrated chip doubles every 18 months
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What is the shape of things to come?
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-Network effects and lock-in; The value of certain technologies is received increases significantly as the number of users increases. Future of IT is difficult to predict because IT is all about innovation, and this brings unexpected results.
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How will the changes in IT and IS affect the way we live and work?
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These technology trends will enable deep, powerful, performance-enhancing innovations that will be felt in almost every industry.
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How can Canada enhance productivity?
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Canada must foster a culture of innovation, open its industries to more competition, and increase the amount of machinery and equipment, particularly in the ICT sector, in the economy.
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What is the productivity paradox?
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A discrepancy between measures of investment in IT and measures of output at the national level Quote Robert Solow "You can see the computer age everywhere but in the productivity statistics." However it is believed that measurement error may be a critical reason for the observed lack of productivity from IT investments. There are so many invisible/intangible benefits associated with IT.
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What are three different ways in which the value of IT can be realized?
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-Through productivity (IT allows a company to create more and/or better output from the same inputs and create them faster than before the technology was in place.) Ex. small accounting firm invests in IT allowed them to add more customers, automate basic tasks and provide more up to date info. Makes firm more efficient and effective. -Through structure of competition (IT can alter the way corporations compete) Example; accounting firm invests in IT, other firm invests in same IT, now they compete on the software they offer and the technical support they can provide. Structure of competition changed. -Through the benefits to the end customer. (IT helps make processes more efficient and changes the nature of competition. With increased competition, the reduction of costs associated with new processes is often passed on to the final consumer. The consumer may therefore see cheaper and better goods and services as a result of IT.)
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Are IT investments always productive?
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No, not necessarily. Organizations cannot invest just because everyone else is investing in it. Successful organizations need to understand specifically what business value they are seeking and how IT can help secure that value. This requires an understanding of both business and technology.
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What is the CCICT?
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Canadian Coalition for Tomorrow's ICT Skills. A group of Canadian employers, educational institutions, and industries that could ensure the ability of Canadian organizations to hire ICT professionals for the 21st century.
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What is the BTM program?
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A program designed for students who are inspired to use technology to change the way the world does business.
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How did BTM program begin?
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A working group of the CCICT designed a set of learning outcomes for the new program, named BTM. These learning outcomes drew on skills frameworks, such as SFIA to provide more specific information on jobs within the ICT industry.
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What is the BTM certification?
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The CIPS (Canadian Processing Information Society)
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How is BTM related to productivity and innovation?
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BTM includes technologies that can enhance individual and organizational productivity across many industries. The business aspect is knowing how to apply these technologies and make changes in organizations.
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What are some of the BTM knowledge areas?
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Projects, processes, and change. Technology in Business Business Technology Personal and Interpersonal Integrative learning outcomes
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How do IS improve Productivity? (2)
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Either via increased efficiency or more effective business processes. Increased efficiency: Business processes can be accomplished more quickly or with fewer resources/facilities (or both) Increased effectiveness: Doing the right things, such as new or improved goods/services that the customer values.
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Can you use both IS techniques at the same time?
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Not always. You must find a balance between increased efficiency and effectiveness. For example, company A is so focused on increasing efficiency that it misses the fact that customers have changed and no longer value company As product. So Company A is probably doing things right but its not doing the right things. Companies with long term success understand the importance of find the balance between effectiveness and efficiency.
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What is a value chain? (Specifically Porters)
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A value chain is a network of activities that improve the effectiveness or value of a good or service. Therefore a VChain is made up of at least one often many business principles.
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What is backward integration?
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When one party in the distribution system becomes their own supplier. AKA moving upstream on the value chain.
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What is forward integration?
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Occurs when a manufacturer undertakes retailing and wholesaling activities, such as operating its own retail store. AKA moving downstream on the value chain.
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What is the margin?
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The margin is the difference between the price the customer is willing to pay and the cost the company incurs in moving the goods or services through the value chain.
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What are Primary activities?
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These are activities in which value is added directly to the product. Shipping raw materials, design, manufacturing, installing etc are all primary activities because they add value for the customer.
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What are Support activities?
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Support activities add value indirectly. They support the primary activities, but are not the reason a consumer wants to buy the product. When these support activities function smoothly and are efficient/effective, they are the keys to a successful organization. Examples: Firm Infrastructure, human resources, procurement etc.
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How are IS and the value chain linked? (2)
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IS can enable the development of more efficient or effective supporting activities. These systems include applications such as financial accounting systems, human resources systems, production systems and CRM systems. IS also increases productivity by offering new and improved services, primary activities that would not be available without IT.
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What is Inbound logistics?
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Receiving, storing, and disseminating inputs to the product.
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What are operations?
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Transforming inputs into the final product.
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What are outbound logistics?
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Collecting, storing, and physically distributing the product to buyers.
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What is marketing and sales?
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Inducing buyers to purchase the product and providing a means for them to do so.
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What is service?
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Assisting customer's use of the product and thus maintaining and enhancing the products value.
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What is Porters 5 forces model?
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it identifies the most common threats faced by firms in their local competitive environments and the conditions where these threats are more or less likely to be present
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What are the 5 forces?
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1 - Bargaining power of customers 2 - Threat of substitutions 3 - Bargaining power of suppliers 4 - Threat of new entrants 5 - Rivalry among existing firms
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How do organizations use the 5 forces model to be successful?
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The organization must examine the five forces and determine how they intend to respond to them. An organization responds by choosing a competitive strategy.
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What are porters 4 competitive strategies?
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-(1) Can either be a cost leader or (2)differentiate its product. -Can either employ its cost reduction industry wide or just (3) focus on an industry segment. -Can either employ its product differentiation across the industry or just (4) focus on an industry segment.
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How are competitive strategies effective?
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To be effective the organizations goals, objectives, culture, and activities must be consistent with the organizations strategy. Therefore information systems must facilitate the organizations competitive strategy.
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What are sustaining technologies? Example?
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Sustaining technologies are changes in technology that maintain the rate of improvement in customer value. Ex. vulcanization of rubber allowed tires that gave a more comfortable ride.
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What are disruptive technologies? Example?
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Disruptive technologies introduce a very new package of attributes to the accepted mainstream products. Ex. MP3 was disruptive technology as people went from buying cd's to downloading mp3s and listening to music through ipods.
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Can you use disruptive technology to advance?
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Yes, when a company gains competitive advantage using disruptive technology, the potential to alter the structure of an industry is created. Competing companies must react for fear of losing their profit margins and customers.
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What is the diffusion of innovation theory? (5 stages?) Why is this important to know?
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Theory defined by Everett Rogers: The process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members of a social system. -Knowledge -Persuasion -Decision -Implementation -Confirmation Important to consider when thinking about the process of adoption of new technology.
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How do information systems provide competitive advantage? (2 methods)
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Via products and Services and via business processes.
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What are the 8 principles of competitive advantage?
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Product Implementations: 1. Create a new product 2. Enhance products or services 3. Differentiate products or services System Implementations: 4. Lock in customers and buyers 5. Lock in suppliers 6. Raise barriers to market entry 7. Establish alliances 8. Reduce costs
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Can competitive advantage through IS be sustained?
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-When IT is first introduced, it creates a competitive advantage for those companies that invest. However as it becomes widely available and costs decrease, these technologies become more like commodities. AKA: The more ubiquitous IT becomes, the less competitive advantage IT provides. -However in terms of IS (with procedures and people) then only the IT becomes a commodity. Long term competitive advantage lies not with the technology but rather in how a company and its people adopt the technology. People make the difference :)
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What is sustained competitive advantage?
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The emphasis should be placed on developing increasingly sophisticated integration of IT and the people and procedures in the organization. Integration of all business activities, and integration of technology systems with its people and procedures, competitors have to match the whole system.
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Why do we need to know about IT?
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Knowing the basics of IT will not only make us a more knowledgeable consumer of technology, but we will consider how it can be sued in business and recognize its positive and negative effects on society. Applying IT everyday is a fundamental building block for success.
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Summarize the history of IT:
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-ENIAC, 1946, first computer to calculate firing tables of ballistic missiles. -The term computer "bug" would arise when a moth was caught between the mechanical relays of the Mark 2 Aiken Relay Calculator at Harvard in 1947. Debugging was required. -First mainframe digital computer was in 1952. -Manulife financial adopted this technology in 1956. -3rd gen mainframes introduced in the mid 1960s included OS and multiprocessing capability. -Microcomupters in 1975 -1980s LAN revolution, and WAN in 1990s.
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List when each generation is:
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Baby Boomers: 1946-1964 Generation X: 1965-1979 Generation Y/Millenium: 1980-2000 Generation Z: 2000 to present
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There are three important lessons from the history of technology to know:
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1. Price and Performance advances (IT is continuously evolving, like Moore's Law, but not only the price of processing, the data storage and network capacity have improved dramatically.) 2. Small is Powerful (Effort to make IT smaller and more powerful) 3. The network is the thing: The value of IT can be measured not only int he power of the processor but also int eh power of the network that can be accessed through the machine.
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What does a manager need to know about hardware?
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Managers should know about the various components of hardware.
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What are the four basic components of hardware?
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-Storage (Magentic disk, optical disk, magentic tape, SSD) -Input (Keyboard, mouse, scanner, upc reader, microphone) -Process (CPU, main memory, special function cards) -Output (Video display, printer, speakers, slide projector, plotter)
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What are input devices?
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Entering data and instructions into a computer. ex- keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner and Web cam. This also includes a barcode scanner.
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What are output devices?
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These devices transfer data from the processing unit to other formats. For example: printers, plotters, monitors, flat panel displays, CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) displays.
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What are processing devices?
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Includes the CPU (central processing unit) which is the brain of the computer. The CPU selects instructions, processes them, performs arithmetic and logical comparisons, and stores results of operations in memory. CPU performance is measured in Hertz (Hz)
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What is the computers main memory?
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RAM - Random Access Memory. The CPU reads data and instructions from the RAM and the stores the results of its computations in the main memory.
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What is storage hardware?
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This saves data and programs. Magnetic disks are the most common storage devices, but flash drives or SSD memory like a USB (Universal Serial Bus) memory is quite popular.
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What are special function cards?
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Cards added to augment each of its components for example video cards or additional co-processors etc.
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What are Binary Digits?
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Computers represent data using binary digits called bits. A bit is either a 0 or a 1. A switch can be open or closed, an open can represent 0 and closed can represent 1.
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How do you explain sizing computer data?
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All computer data are represented by bits. Bits are grouped into eight bit chunks called bytes. Each character (like the letter H) requires one byte. Bytes are what we use to measure sized of non character data as well. Like a photo is 100 000 bytes. We use abbreviations for sizes to represent storage data capacity: Kilobyte = 1024 bytes KB Megabyte = 1024 KB = MB Gigabyte = 1024 MB = GB TB = 1024 GB = TB
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What is the cache?
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Small amount of very fast memory, CPU keeps frequently used instructions in the cache.
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What is an Operating System? Include memory swapping.
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OS is a program that controls the computers resources as well as a block of data. When opening several applications, the OS will direct the CPU to place the application into unused memory. If there is not enough memory, the CPU will remove something etc.. This is called memory swapping.
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What does it mean when they say the cache and main memory are volatile? and nonvolatile?
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Their contents are lost when the power goes off. Nonvolatile means their contents survive even when the power goes off.
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What is the difference between a client and a server computer?
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Users employ client computers for word processing, spreadsheets, database access and so forth. Servers, provide services. Facebook, Google, Amazon and Youtube all use servers that are accessed by other computers.
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What is cloud computing?
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Cloud is a metaphor for the internet. Cloud computing is similar to the concept of servers, but customers do not necessarily need to own the computer. Instead the hardware, software and applications are provided as a service, usually through a web browser.
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What is grid computing?
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Grid computing uses software to divide and apportion pieces of a program among several computers.
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What does a manager need to know about software?
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-2 varieties; operating systems and application software. -Four major operating systems; Windows, Mac OS, Unix, Linux. -There is also the IOS (internet op syst) -Application software consists of programs that perform a business function.
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What categories of application programs exist?
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Horizontal market application software: provides capabilities common across all organizations and industries (word processors, graphics etc) Vertical Market Application software: software serves the needs of a specific industry. (dental office appointment scheduler/invoices etc) CRM systems are horizontal however they are usually customized for every business in its particular industry so it is considered vertical market software. One of a kind application software; developed for a specific unique need. Like CRA, only org that needs this.
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What is MRP and ERP?
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Materials Requirements Planning Enterprise Resource Planning
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What is firmware?
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Firmware is computer software that is installed into such devices as printers, print servers, and various types of communication devices memory. It is installed into the special, read-only memory of the printer or other device.
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What is utility software?
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Software that supports communication between the computer and output device (often called driver etc) along with data encryption, file and data recovery, security software etc.
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What is BIOS?
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Important firmware stands for Basic Input Output system. BIOS is used when a computer is initially started or booted up. The only way to get a computer started is by accessing the instructions in the ROM (read-only memory) so the computer loads BIOS from the ROM and runs the commands.
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What is the difference between a thick and thin client?
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Thin client: Application that requires nothing more than a browser (client software) Thick client: Application that requires programs other than a browser on the users computer. Thin and thick refer to the amount of code that must run on the client computer.
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What buying decisions does a manager need to make?
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Managers have roles in what software and hardware to use. Further more the specifications of the software and hardware and how their employees use it. In small/medium organizations, policies are less formal and managers need to take an active role in setting the specifications for their own and their employees computers. Essentially the decisions that I make before buying IT equipment, and the procedures I write before introducing to staff.
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What is a virus?
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A virus is a computer program that replicates itself. The virus ultimately consumes the computers resources.
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What is a macro-virus?
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Attach themselves to word, excel, and other types of documents, when the document is opened the virus places itself in the startup files of the application and infects every file that application creates or processes.
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What is a worm?
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A worm is a virus that propagates using the internet or other computer network. Worms spread faster than other virus types because they are specifically programmed to spread.
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What is a zombie?
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A zombie computer is the computer infected with the worm or virus. Zombies have been used extensively to send mail. This allows spammers to avoid detection.
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What is a botnet?
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A set of computers and applications that are coordinated through a network and used to perform malicious tasks.
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What is a patch?
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A program modification intended to fix holes so that viruses do not enter.
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What is an antivirus program?
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An antivirus program is designed to protect your computer from possible virus infections.
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What is content?
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Content is property. Closely related to intellectual property: which is defined as a form of creative endeavor that can be protected through a trademark, patent, copyright, industrial design or integrated circuit topography. Organizations may store data, documents, spreadsheets, presentations, web pages, text from blogs, Twitter, or discussion boards, graphics, video files and video logs, audio files, etc.
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How can content be organized?
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The challenge in content management is indexing or cataloging the right information, processing and storing it, and then getting it to the right person in the right format. DBMSs are quite common, along with CMSs.
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What is DBMS?
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Database Management System, which are central to the management of content data.
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What is a CMS?
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Web Content Management System, to help place content on the organizations website. The web CMS is usually located on its website server. The web CMS helps manage each step of this process and enables a company to standardize the look and feel of a website and control the information available to customers and employees.
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What is the purpose of a database?
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A database keeps track of things. Similar to tracking in a spreadsheet, but has far more complex capabilities. Lists that involve multiple themes require a database.
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How does a database and a spreadsheet differ?
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A spreadsheet is best suited for a single list. Such as showing a list of student grades for each assignment. You could create a column for student name, assign1, assign2, assign3 and then final mark etc. A database would be used for student grades, student emails, student office visit dates, etc.
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What is a database?
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A database is a self-describing collection of integrated records. A database is a collection of tables plus relationships among the rows in those tables, plus special data, called metadata that describe the structure of the database.
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What are columns?
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Columns are groups of bytes also known as fields such as Student Number, Student Name.
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What are rows?
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Groups of columns/fields which are also called records. (literally a row across filling out the field answers)
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What is a table?
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Table or File is the group of similar rows/records.
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What is a Primary Key?
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A key is a column or group of columns that identifies a unique row in a table. Each table must have a key.
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What is a foreign key?
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A foreign key is a column that is a primary key of a different table.
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Why are databases called relational?
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Because their data is in the form of tables that represent relationships using foreign keys.
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How is a database self describing?
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A database contains not only data but also data about the data in the database. This descriptive data is called Metadata. An example of metadata is field properties for each column, format, etc.
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What does a DBMS do?
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Database management system is a program used to create, process, and administer a database. Like OS, almost no organization develops its own DBMS. Instead companies license DBMS products from vendors such as IBM, Microsoft and Oracle.
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What are some popular DBMS products?
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DB2, Access, SQL Server, Oracle, MySQL.
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What is the difference between a DBMS and a database?
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A DBMS is a software program, a database is a collection of tables, relationships, and metadata.
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There are 4 components of a database application system. What are they?
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1. Database 2. DBMS 3. Database application (forms, reports, queries, applications) 4. User
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What is SQL?
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The language that relational databases use when communicating data. SQL stands for structured query language. Think of it as a formal way of putting a question into a database. The answer to that query will be the data that it specified.
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What are the three functions of a database management system
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-Creating the database and its structures -Processing the database -Administering the database
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What is a database application?
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Collection of forms, reports, queries, and application programs that process a database.
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What are forms/reports/queries?
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Could be a data entry form. A report could contain data in a more meaningful form with the information you wanted to extract. A query is used to search for specific info.
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What is 1 issue with some database application programs?
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Multiuser processing can become problematic. Someone could be accessing inventory numbers at the same as someone else for the same product. Product appears to have 5 in stock, so one user sells 3. Another user sells 5. AKA lost update problem.
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What is the difference between an enterprise DBMS and a personal DBMS?
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Enterprise products process large organizational and work group databases. These products support many, even thousands of users. Personal products are designed for smaller, simpler database applications. Such products are used for personal or small work group applications that involve fewer than 100 users and normally fewer than 15. The only remaining personal DBMS is Microsoft Access.
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How are database application systems designed? The Steps.
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-Requirements -Create data model (entities, relationships) -Create database design (tables with forein keys) -Create database
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What are the components of the entity-relationship data model?
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-Entities -Attributes -Identifier -Relationships -cardinalities
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What is an entity?
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An entity is something that the users want to track.
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What is an attribute?
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An attribute describes the characteristics of the entity.
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What is an identifier?
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It is an attribute, however its value is associated with one and only one entity instance. Also known as the primary key.
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What is a relationship?
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Entities have relationships to each other. Some are direct back and forth connections, but others are one way.
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Explain the three relationships
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-One to many (using a crows foot) Example department has many advisers, but advisers only have one department. -Many to Many (two crows feet) Example student has many advisers, advisers have many students. -One to one
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What is maximum cardinality?
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Maximum cardinality is the maximum number of entity instances that can participate in a relationship
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What is minimum cardinality?
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Minimum cardinality is the minimum number of entity instances that must participate in a relationship
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How is a data model transformed into a database? (2)
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-Normalization; converting poorly structured tables into two or more well structured tables. -Representing Relationships; Identify the foreign keys, and assign relationships.
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What is the users role?
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The users are the final judges as to what data the database should contain and how the records in that database should be related to one another. Therefore the users review is crucial.
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Why are communication skills important for collaboration?
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Companies are looking for employees that can communicate effectively. -Openly share and contribute ideas -Constructively criticize work
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Why is content management important for collaboration?
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-Keeping track of and integrating the various versions is important so users work does not interfere with each other.
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Why is workflow control important for collaboration?
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-Procedure by which content is created, edited, used and disposed of. -Focuses on delivering a good or a service internally to other employees in the organization.
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What is a protocol?
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A set of rules that two communicating devices follow.
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Why is mobile computing important?
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It is important because our smartphones are becoming our offices. M-Commerce is also becoming increasingly popular.
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What are the three important functions of an ISP?
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(Internet service provider) 1 - Provides computer or router with a legitimate IP address 2 - Gateway to the internet 3 - Help pay for the Internet
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Are the web and internet the same?
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the Web, which is a subset of the internet, consists of sites and users that process HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol) and programs that implement the HTTP protocol are called browsers. the Internet is the communications infrastructure that supports all application layer protocols, including HTTP, and SMTP (simple mail transfer protocol) and FTP (file transfer protocol)
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What is an MAC address and UTP?
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The NIC's unique identifier address is called the MAC. The connections are made using UTP cable. A device called an RJ-45 connector is used to connect the UTP cable into NIC devices on the LAN.
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What is e-commerce?
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Buying and selling of goods and services over public and private computer networks.
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How is e-commerce used?
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It is used by merchant companies and nonmerchant companies to sell goods and services online, or arrange for the purchase and sale of goods without ever owning the goods. (diff between merchant companies and non merchant companies)
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What is: B2C B2B B2G
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Business to consumer Business to business Business to government
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What are the benefits of e-commerce?
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Leads to grater market efficiency through various techniques such as disintermediation, intermediation, flow of price information, etc.
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What is disintermediation and intermediation?
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Disintermediation is the removal of intermediaries between parties. Some distribution agents are eliminated via e-commerce. *Buying wholesale/from manufacturer directly. Intermediation; new players have inserted themselves into the sales/distribution process. Example is rather than buying from aircanada for a plane ticket, you buy from redtag.ca
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What are some associated issues with e-commerce?
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-Channel conflict -price conflict -logistics expense -customer service expense -Showrooming -taxation
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What is channel conflict?
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Channel conflict arises when one channel member believes another channel member is engaged in behavior that prevents it from achieving its goals.
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What is showrooming?
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When a customer gets the knowledge about a product/service from an actual retail STORE but then completes the sale on a low-cost internet sales channel that belongs to another retailer.
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What is social networking?
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The process by which individuals use relationships to communicate with others in a social network.
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What is social capital?
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The investment in social relations with the expectation of returns in the marketplace.
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What are the four ways social capital adds value?
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1. Information 2. Influence 3. Social Credentials 4. Personal Reinforcement
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Why are weak relationships important? (What is a weak relationship?)
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A weak relationship is a connection with someone you do not know well, and who is from a different network. Weak relationships are important because by connecting with someone from another network, you open up to their new network of contacts, and increase the number of relationships in your network.
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How do social networks add value to business?
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-Creating Social capital -Creates connections with its clients through similar interests, likes
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How is social network enabled by IS/IT?
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-Improved search capabilities -Reduction in the trade-off of richness and reach -Network Effects
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What is web 2.0?
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The 2nd generation of internet tools that are user-centered & interactive; "smarter" web browsing, social networking, mobile compatibility etc. -Google pioneered this with Adwords
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What are some benefits that came with web 2.0?
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-Software as a free service... like google searching, google docs, amazon, processing in the cloud as they are all thin clients. -Increased value through increased users. -Advertising (specific to user interests) -
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What is a Mashup?
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web-based applications, tools, widgets, or resources that blend data from more than one source. HousingMaps.com, the first and one of the best known software mashup, for example, is a mix of housing data from craigslist.com and Google maps.
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Is there a web 3.0?
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It is difficult to predict the future and the impact of technologies on us. As Henry Ford said: Until we are presented with a technology, our mental models often prevent us from imagining radically different ideas.
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How can software systems be acquired? (4 methods)
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-Buy it and use it as is -Buy it and customize it (most common) -Rent or lease it -Build it yourself
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How can IS be acquired and integrated?
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Along with the already existing tech infrastructure, data, and people and procedures, new software can be added, but that means integration with everything and the costs of that integration too.
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What are the 5 main process groups in any project?
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1 - Initiating 2 - Planning 3 - Executing 4 - Controlling & Monitoring 5 - Closing
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What is the global institute that certifies people in project management?
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The PMI, certifies people to become PMPs. Also the IPMA and the PMAC.
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In system implementation and conversion, please explain what these are: -Pilot -Phased -Parallel -Plunge
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Pilot: Organization implements the entire system in a limited portion of the business. Phased: New system is installed in phases across the organization. Once one piece works, the next is installed and tested etc. Parallel: The new system runs in parallel with the old one until the new system is tested and fully operational. Plunge Installation: Organization shuts the old system down and starts the new system.
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List some jobs that exist in IT and IS industry
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-Computer tech -Support Rep -Programmer/Developer -Designer -Network Administrator -Consultant -Salesperson -PM -Enterprise Architect -CIO -CTO
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What is the organization for IS auditing?
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The ISACA (information systems audit and control association)
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What certification can you get to be an auditor?
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the CISA certification which is recognized globally. They follow the COBIT framework
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What is Bill 198?
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Budget Measures Act in Ontario. Laws that are forcing companies to comply with governance standards for collecting, reporting and disclosing information.
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Explain what each one is: Pretexting Phishing Spoofing IP Spoofing Email Spoofing Sniffing
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Pretexting: occurs when someone deceives by pretending to be someone else. Phishing: Uses pretexting via email (sends email pretending to be a legitimate company asking for confidential data) Spoofing: Someone pretending to be someone else. IP Spoofing: An intruder uses another sites IP address. Email Spoofing: synonym for Phishing Sniffing: Technique for intercepting computer communications
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What is malware?
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Malware includes viruses, worms, trojan horses, spyware and adware.
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What is spyware? What is adware?
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Spyware programs are installed on the users computer without the users knowledge or permission. Captures keystrokes, monitors activity etc to obtain passwords, account numbers, and sensitive information. Adware also installs without users knowledge but it is to observe user behavior. Usually benign but it produces pop up ads based on user activity.
