History Chapter 2 Review – Flashcards
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Assyrian Empire
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king of this empire developed the first libraries
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warfare
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Assyrians were known for their mural pictures that depicted this type of scene
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modern day England and parts of Africa
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Phoenicians were thought to have sailed as far as these two places in their advanced ships
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"carriers of civilization"
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nickname given to the Phoenicians because of their innovations
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importance of tribe vs family
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as the Hebrews developed agricultural innovations, this aspect of societal life dramatically changed
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Assyrians
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the Babylonians took over this formidable empire after this empire's fall
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Babylonians
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another name for the Chaldean Empire
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embrace it as their own
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as the Libyans took over Egypt, they decided to do this with Egyptian culture
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Egypt and Hittites
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the fall of these (2) great empires had major effects on smaller kingdoms like that of the Phoenicians and Hebrews
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Medes
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the Persian Empire under Cyrus the Great over took this neighboring empire before going on to over take most of the Middle East
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Christianity and Islam
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these two world religions are rooted in Judaism
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Torah
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Hebrew religious text
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Israel allowed other gods to be worshipped while Judah only worshipped Yahweh
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the major difference between Judah and Israel after the death of Solomon was
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becoming slave like to the Assyrians
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Judah was able to survive Assyrian take over by doing this
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the Hebrews will have no king other than the Lord
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The Covenant between Yahweh and the Hebrews states
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Assurbanipal
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emperor who established the first libraries
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Nebuchadnezzar
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Babylonian king known for the burning of Hebrew temples
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Cyrus the Great
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this Persian ruler was known as tolerant, who's heart was changed by God
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Zoroaster
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this Persian preacher taught of the battle between good and evil
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Darius I and Xerxes
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these two successors of Cyrus the Great continued the expansion of the Persian Empire making it the largest to ever be ruled by one ruler
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Nineveh
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this great Assyrian city is still in remarkably good shape
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Iran
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Persia is this modern day country
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a highway
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the plateau in central Persia served this purpose
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Satrapies and Satraps
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Persian states and rulers were known as this
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Israel
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this Hebrew state was taken over by the Assyrians
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1100 BCE
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The Iron Age began about?
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It made stronger weapons and tools
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Why did the use of iron replace the use of bronze in the ancient world?
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Kush
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Which kingdom emerged in Africa as a result of Egypt's decline?
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The Assyrian invasion of Egypt
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Why did Kushite rulers move their capital to Meroë in the seventh century B.C.E.?
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Modern Lebanon
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Where was the Phoenicians homeland located in the ancient world?
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Spain
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Which area was among those colonized by the Phoenicians?
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The Phoenician system of writing was phonetic
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Which of the following describes the Phoenician system of writing?
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The spread of phonetic writing
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What was the Phoenicians' most important cultural achievement?
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It simplified writing and reading
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Which statement identifies an advantage of the Phoenician phonetic alphabet?
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The all-powerful god worshipped by the Hebrews
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What is Yahweh?
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The Hebrew Bible
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Most of the information we have about the Hebrews comes from what source?
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Canaan
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Where did the Hebrews settle at the end of the Exodus?
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Their battles with the Philistines
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Saul's establishment of the first Hebrew kingdom coincided with what period in their history?
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Saul
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Who was the first Hebrew king?
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It contains the first five books of the Hebrew Bible
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Which statement describes the Torah?
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Moses
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The covenant that the Hebrews believed they formed with Yahweh was first agreed to by
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Yahweh would protect them
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Under the covenant of the ancient Hebrews, what did they receive in return for worshipping Yahweh as their only god?
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They believed that worship of Yahweh involved both rituals and ethical obligations
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Which statement describes the ancient Hebrews' religious beliefs and practices?
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The written word of God was the central focus of the religion
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Which statement explains why priests were not as important to the Hebrew religion as they were to the religions of other ancient peoples?
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Marriage was a fundamental part of Jewish life
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Which of the following statements describes the Hebrews' view of marriage?
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Sex was basically a good thing
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Which of the following statements describes the Hebrew attitude toward sex?
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They had considerable economic freedom
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How were women in Hebrew society treated differently from women in other ancient societies of the region?
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family trades
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As in most ancient societies, urban crafts among the ancient Hebrews were
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The preparation and consumption of food
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The laws known as kashrut governed what aspect of Hebrew daily life?
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Northern Mesopotamia
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Where was the Assyrian homeland?
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east and north of the Tigris River to central Egypt
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At its height, the Assyrian Empire stretched from
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To prevent revolts
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Why did the Assyrians relocate some conquered peoples to new areas?
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The application of technology to warfare
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What made the Assyrian military machine particularly capable of conquering cities in the ancient world?
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The Medes
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The Assyrians fell in the seventh century B.C.E. to the combined forces of the Babylonians and what other group?
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It had easy access to both regions
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Based on the map, why was Assyria in a good position to conquer both Babylonia and Syria?
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-carriers of civilization -provided foundations for the modern alphabet -outstanding sailors and sailed perhaps as far as Great Britain and western Africa
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Phoenicians
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-believes individuals are accountable for their own behavior, regardless of their leaders -fundamental to an understanding of the Jewish religion is the concept of the Covenant -formulated by Hebrews
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world view
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-set down the rules that govern man's behavior -governs man's relationship with God -this moral code soon became laws for most civilizations
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Ten Commandments
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-Assyrian empire is heavily influenced by this -when the Assyrians conquer a city, the first thing they do is build a wall -with the invention of iron technology, it made weapons stronger
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warfare
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-reestablished Babylonian rule and created a large empire -chief god was the war god Marduk -originally did not believe in Hebrews' God but later in life accepted him as his God
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Nebuchadnezzar
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-built the Persian Empire into the largest yet seen in the western world -known as the founder of the Persian Empire -built the most powerful ancient empire before Rome
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Cyrus the Great
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-organized his empire into administrative regions called Satrapies -conquered Scythia, along with much of Thrace and Macedonia -called himself "king of kings"
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Darius I
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-created by Darius I -each was ruled by a satrap -similar to states with a governor reporting to a president
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Satrapies
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-major religion of Persia -created by Zoroaster -Zoroaster had a dream he was taken to heaven and met two gods, one good and one bad. They told him to return back to Earth and tell everyone they can choose between right or wrong and they should live their lives but it would affect their after life
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Zoroastrianism
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-ruled the western coast of Anatolia and many of the islands of the Aegean -created an efficient administrative system to govern the empire based in their newly built capital city of Persepolis -empires were into districts and appointed he king's relatives as administrators each called satraps
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Persian Empire (physical)
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-Ethical Hebrew texts were edited and brought together in the Torah -had an agreement that the people believed to exist between themselves and Yahweh -pleased Yahweh by living up to high moral standards and by worshipping him above all other gods
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Hebrew Faith
