Question 1

Peter Drucker:

Accepted Answer

-Creator and inventor of modern management.    1. Workers should be treated as assets  2. The corporation could be considered a human community  3. There is \"no business without a customer\"  4. Institutionalized management practices were preferable to charismatic, cult leaders.    *Decentralization, management by objectives, and knowledge workers.

Question 2

Evidence-based management:

Accepted Answer

1. translating principles based on best evidence into organizational practice, bringing rationality to the decision-making process.     2. based on belief that facing hard facts about what works and what doesn\'t, understanding the dangerous half-truths that constitute so much conventional wisdom about management, and rejecting the total nonsense that to often passes for sound advice will help organizations perform better.

Question 3

2 individuals that were proponents of evidence-based management:

Accepted Answer

1. Jeffrey Pfeffer  2. Robert Sutton

Question 4

Two overarching perspectives of management:

Accepted Answer

1. Historical  2. Contemporary

Question 5

3 viewpoints of historical perspective:

Accepted Answer

1. Classical  2. Behavioral  3. Quantitative

Question 6

3 viewpoints of contemporary perspective:

Accepted Answer

1. Systems  2. Contingency  3. Quality-management

Question 7

therblig:

Accepted Answer

1. 1 of 17 basic motions.    2. By identifying the therbligs, you can eliminate motions while simultaneously reducing fatigue.     3. Frank and Llian Gilbreth

Question 8

The Gilbreths were apart of which perspective viewpoint:

Accepted Answer

Historical perspective

Question 9

Classical viewpoint (historical management viewpoint):

Accepted Answer

1. Emphasized finding ways to manage work more efficiently    2. Two branches: scientific and administrative.     3.Assumes people are rational

Question 10

Scientific management:

Accepted Answer

1. Emphasized scientific study of work methods to improve the productivity of individual workers.     2. ProponentsâFrederick Taylor and the Frank & Lillian Gilbreth.     3. Frederick Taylor = \"father of Scientific Management\"

Question 11

4 Principles of Scientific Management (to eliminate soldiering):

Accepted Answer

1. Evaluate a task by scientifically studying each part of the task     2. Carefully select workers with the right abilities for the task     3. Give workers the training & incentives to do the task with the proper work methods     4. Use scientific principles to plan the work methods and ease the way for workers to do their jobs.

Question 12

Soldiering:

Accepted Answer

1. Deliberately working at less than full capacity.    2. Frederick Taylor

Question 13

Motion studies:

Accepted Answer

1. What Frederick Taylor\'s system is based on.    2. He broke down each worker\'s job into basic physical motions & then trained workers to use the methods of their best-performing coworkers.

Question 14

Differential rate systems:

Accepted Answer

1. Suggested by Frederick Taylor.    2. Which more efficient workers earned higher wages

Question 15

Scientific management can enhance:

Accepted Answer

Productivity and such innovations as motion studies and differential pay.

Question 16

Frederick Taylor believed by raising production what two things could increase profit:

Accepted Answer

1. Labor  2. Management

Question 17

First woman to be major contributor to management science:

Accepted Answer

Lillian Gilbreth

Question 18

Administrative management:

Accepted Answer

1. Concerned with managing the total organization    2. Henri Fayol and Max Weber

Question 19

Henri Fayol:

Accepted Answer

1. First to systemize management behavior    2. Fayol was the first to identify the major functions of management: planning, leading, organizing, and controlling, as well as coordinating

Question 20

Max Weber:

Accepted Answer

1. Believed bureaucracy was a rational, efficient, ideal organization based on principles of logic.

Question 21

Max Weber (5 positive bureaucratic features to be a better-performing organization):

Accepted Answer

1. A well defined hierarchy of authority     2. Formal rules and procedures     3. Clear division of labor, with parts of a complex job being handled by specialists     4. Impersonality, without reference or connection to a particular person     5. Careers based on merits

Question 22

Problem with classical viewpoint:

Accepted Answer

1. Too mechanistic    2. Tends to view humans as cogs within a machine, not taking in account the importance of human needs.

Question 23

Behavioral viewpoint:

Accepted Answer

Emphasized the importance of understanding human behavior and of motivating employees toward achievement.

Question 24

3 phases of behavioral viewpoint:

Accepted Answer

1. Early behaviorism  2. The human relations movement  3. Behavioral science

Question 25

3 pioneers of behavioral theory:

Accepted Answer

1. Hugo Munsterberg  2. Mary Parker Follett  3. Elton Mayo

Question 26

Hugo Munsterberg was called:

Accepted Answer

the father of industrial psychology

Question 27

3 ways psychologists could contribute to industry (Hugo Munsterberg):

Accepted Answer

1. Study jobs & determine which people are best suited to specific jobs   2. Identify the psychological conditions under which employees do their best work   3. Devise management strategies to influence employees to follow management\'s interests.

Question 28

Industrial psychology:

Accepted Answer

the study of human behavior in the workplaces.

Question 29

Mary Parker Follett:

Accepted Answer

Most important women America produced in civics and sociology.

Question 30

Mary Parker Follett believed:

Accepted Answer

1. Organizations should become more democratic instead of hierarchical arrangement.    2. Managers and employees work cooperatively.

Question 31

3 of Mary Parker Follett\'s ideas:

Accepted Answer

1. Organizations should be operated as \"communities\" with managers and subordinates working together in harmony   2. Conflicts should be resolved by having managers & workers talk over differences & find solutions that would satisfy both parties (a process she called integration)   3. The work process should be under the control of workers with the relevant knowledge, rather than of managers, who should act as facilitators.

Question 32

Mary Parker Follett and today\'s concepts:

Accepted Answer

1. Self-managed teams  2. Worker empowerment  3. Interdepartmental teams

Question 33

Hawthorne studies began with:

Accepted Answer

An investigation into whether workplace lighting level affected worker productivity.

Question 34

Elton Mayo is known for:

Accepted Answer

the Hawthorne Effect

Question 35

Hawthorne Effect:

Accepted Answer

1. Workers were more productive if they thought they thought managers cared about their welfare, and if supervisors paid special attention.     2. They were faulted for being poorly designed & not having enough empirical data to support the conclusions.

Question 36

2 Contributors to the Human Relations Movement:

Accepted Answer

1. Abraham Maslow   2. Douglas McGregor

Question 37

Human Relations Movement:

Accepted Answer

Proposed that better human relations could increase worker productivity.

Question 38

Maslow\'s Hierarchy of needs:

Accepted Answer

1. Physiological  2. Safety  3. Love  4. Esteem  5. Self-actualization    *Some needs must be satisfied before others.

Question 39

Douglas McGregor:

Accepted Answer

1. Managers also needed to be aware of their attitudes toward employees.     2. Theory X and Theory Y

Question 40

Theory X

Accepted Answer

1.Pessimistic, negative view or workers.     2. Workers considered to be irresponsible, resistant to change, lack ambition, and hate work.     3.More likely to micromanage, which leads to dissatisfaction.

Question 41

Theory Y

Accepted Answer

1. Optimistic, positive view of workers.     2.Capable of accepting responsibility, self-direction, and self-control and of being imaginative creative.

Question 42

The human relations view has been superseded by the:

Accepted Answer

behavioral science approach to management.

Question 43

Behavioral science:

Accepted Answer

Relies on scientific research for developing theories about human behavior that can be used to provide practical tools for managers.

Question 44

Operations Research techniques have evolved into:

Accepted Answer

Quantitative Management

Question 45

Quantitative Management:

Accepted Answer

Application to management of quantitative techniques, such as stats or computer simulations.

Question 46

2 branches of quantitative management:

Accepted Answer

1. Management science  2. Operations management

Question 47

Management Science:

Accepted Answer

1. Focuses on using mathematics to aid in problem solving & decision- making.     2. Sometimes called operations research.     3. Stresses used of rational, science-based techniques & mathematical models to improve decision- making & strategic planning.

Question 48

Operations Management:

Accepted Answer

1. Focuses on managing the production & delivery of an organization\'s products/services more effectively.     2. Concerned with work scheduling, production planning, facilities location and design, and optimum inventory levels.     3.Helps ensure that business operations are efficient & effective.

Question 49

System:

Accepted Answer

Set of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose.

Question 50

Systems Viewpoint:

Accepted Answer

Regards the organization as a system of interrelated parts.

Question 51

Subsystems:

Accepted Answer

Parts making up the whole system

Question 52

4 parts of a system:

Accepted Answer

1. Inputs  2. Transformation Processes  3. Outputs  4. Feedback

Question 53

Inputs:

Accepted Answer

1. People, money, information, equipment, and materials required to produce an organization\'s goods or services.     2. Whatever goes into a system is an input.

Question 54

Transformation Processes:

Accepted Answer

Organization\'s capabilities in management, internal processes, and technology that are applied to converting inputs into outputs.

Question 55

Outputs:

Accepted Answer

Products, services, profits, losses, employee satisfaction or discontent, and the like that are produced by the organization.

Question 56

Feedback:

Accepted Answer

Information about the reaction of the environment to the outputs that affects the inputs.

Question 57

Open systems:

Accepted Answer

continually interacts with its environment.

Question 58

Closed systems:

Accepted Answer

1. little interaction with its environment.     2. classical viewpoint and management science views organization as this.

Question 59

Complexity Theory:

Accepted Answer

1. Study of how order & pattern arise from very complicated, apparently chaotic systems.     2. Recognizes that all complex systems are networks of many interdependent parts that interact with each other according to simple rules.

Question 60

Contingency Viewpoint:

Accepted Answer

emphasizes that a manager\'s approach should vary according to the individual & the environmental situation.

Question 61

Gary Hamel:

Accepted Answer

1. Believes much of management theory is dated and doesn\'t fit current realities.     2. Instead, look at management as a process, and then make improvements and innovation is essential to future organizational success.     3. Thinks core beliefs can be rooted out by asking the right questions

Question 62

Gary Hamel\'s questions that can root out core beliefs:

Accepted Answer

1. Belief worth challenging? Debilitating? Does it get in the way of an important organizational attribute that we\'d like to strengthen?     2. Belief universally valid? Are there counterexamples? If so, what do we learn from those cases?     3. How does this belief serve the interests of its adherents? Are there people who draw reassurance or comfort from this belief?     4. Have our choices & assumptions conspired to make this belief self-fulfilling? Is this belief true simply because we have made it true and if so can we imagine alternatives?

Question 63

Which viewpoint is seen as most practical of the viewpoints:

Accepted Answer

1. Contingency Viewpoint    2. It addresses problems on a case-by-case basis and varies the solution accordingly.

Question 64

Quality-Management Viewpoint:

Accepted Answer

Includes quality control, quality assurance, and total quality management

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