question

Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Female Citizen

answer

Written by Olympe de Gouges it was basically a rewriting of the Declaration of the Rights of Man to include women.

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Popular Sovereinty

answer

Belief that people should have the right to rule themselves

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American Revolution

answer

Period when 13 colonies gained independence from England. Based on disapproval by colonists of several taxes and other unpopular laws. Protests lead to fighting in 1775, and after two main British armies were captured in 1777 and 1781 and an alliance of the colonists with the French, the Treaty of Paris was signed.

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No taxation with out representation

answer

ideas of James Otis and Samuel Adams summed up into a slogan ; this slogan spred through out the colonies ; led by Samuel Adams

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The Declaration of Independence

answer

an act of the Second Continental Congress, adopted on July 4, 1776, which declared that the Thirteen Colonies in North America were "Free and Independent States" and that "all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved."

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The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

answer

A document drafted in August 1789 by the National Constituent Assembly. This declaration uphled that all men were "born and remain free and equal in rights" of "liberty, property, security and resistance to oppression." It called for equality of law, education, employment, innocent until proven guilty, and freedom of religion.

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Liberty, Fraternity and Equality

answer

The National Motto of France

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Central American Federation

answer

split into independant states

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A Vindication of the Rights of Women

answer

Mary Wollstonecraft - 1792

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Gouges

answer

radical revolutionary who demanded that women be regarded as citizens, be allowed to own property, equality of the sexes and access to education

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Voltaire

answer

Greatest of enlightened philosophers; He was educated by Jesuits, and came to challenge Catholic Church. He believed in distant deistic God - a clockmaker who built an orderly world and let in run under laws of science. He hated religious intolerance and felt that religion suppressed human spirit. He wrote Candide against evils of organized religion. He argued for religious toleration in Treatise on Toleration. His deism was intended to construct a more natural religion based on reason and natural law. He was imprisoned in the Bastille for 11 months in 1717. Then he was exiled in England for 3 years, when he came to admire their system of government and advocated freedom of thought and respect for all. Lived on the court of Frederick the Great of Prussia from 1743, where he supporter Enlightened Despotism.

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Washington

answer

1st President of the United States

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Robespierre

answer

French revolutionary

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Toussaint

answer

__________ L'Ouverture began the revolt that eventually led to Haitian independence. Haiti becomes the first successful assault on colonial gov't.

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Bolivar

answer

Venezuelan statesman who led the revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule

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San Martin

answer

Freed Chile in 1817, Peru in 1821

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Wollstonecraft

answer

English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women

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Von Herder

answer

rooted national identity in German folk culture.

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Theodore Herzl

answer

Austrian journalist and founder of the Zionist movement urging the creation of a Jewish national homeland in Palestine. (p. 760)

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Cavour

answer

Architect of Italian unification in 1858; formed an alliance with France to attack Austrian control of northern Italy; resulted in creation of constitutional monarchy under Piedmonteste king.

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Otto Von Bismarck

answer

Chancellor of Prussia from 1862 until 1871, when he became chancellor of Germany. A conservative nationalist, he led Prussia to victory against Austria (1866) and France (1870) and was responsible for the creation of the German Empire (714)

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Calico Acts

answer

Acts passed by England to protect its textile industry; prohibited imports of printed cotton cloth and restricted the sale of calicoes at home

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Power loom

answer

a loom operated mechanically, run by water putting the loom side by side wit hthe spinning machines in factories, changed workers job from running it to watching it, Invented in 1787, invented by Edward Cartwright , it speeded up the production of textiles

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Rocket

answer

the first effective locomotive that was developed in 1816 and finished in 1825 which went down the Liverpool and Manchester Railway at 16mph

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Putting Out system

answer

system of merchant-capitalists "putting out" raw materials to cottage workers for processing and payment that was fully developed in England

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Assembly Line

answer

mechanical system in a factory whereby an article is conveyed through sites at which successive operations are performed on it

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Crystal Palace

answer

Building erected in Hyde Park, London, for the Great Exhibition of 1851. Made of iron and glass, like a gigantic greenhouse, it was a symbol of the industrial age. (p. 606)

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Woman in her social and domestic character

answer

Elizabeth Poole Sandford, 1850

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Manifesto of the Communist party

answer

Karl Marx and Frederick Engels

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Dictatorship of the Proletariat

answer

Marx's theory of a proletariat controlled world following the taking from the wealthy; eventually it will wither away into a classless society.

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Crompton

answer

mule (combination of water frame and spinning jenny), created concept of factory system

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Cartwright

answer

English clergyman who invented the power loom (1743-1823)

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Stephenson

answer

English railway pioneer who built the first passenger railway in 1825 (1781-1848)

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Wedgwood

answer

a type of pottery made by Josiah Wedgwood and his successors

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Whitney

answer

the highest peak in the Sierra Nevada range in California (14,494 feet high)

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Sandford

answer

"To be useful, a woman must have feeling." (1840s)

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Owen

answer

English comparative anatomist and paleontologist who was an opponent of Darwinism (1804-1892)

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Engels

answer

socialist who wrote the Communist Manifesto with Karl Marx in 1848 (1820-1895)

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Manifest Destiny

answer

This expression was popular in the 1840s. Many people believed that the U.S. was destined to secure territory from "sea to sea," from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. This rationale drove the acquisition of territory.

question

Trail of Tears

answer

The Cherokee Indians were forced to leave their lands. They traveled from North Carolina and Georgia through Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas-more than 800 miles (1,287 km)-to the Indian Territory. More than 4, 00 Cherokees died of cold, disease, and lack of food during the 116-day journey.

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Wounded Knee

answer

In 1890, after killing Sitting Bull, the 7th Cavalry rounded up Sioux at this place in South Dakota and 300 Natives were murdered and only a baby survived.

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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

answer

Treaty that ended the Mexican War, granting the U.S. control of Texas, New Mexico, and California in exchange for $15 million

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Emancipation Proclamation

answer

Issued by abraham lincoln on september 22, 1862 it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free

question

The Social Contract

answer

Rousseau, suggestions in reforming the political system and modeled after the Greek polis.

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Continental Congress

answer

the legislative assembly composed of delegates from the rebel colonies who met during and after the American Revolution

question

Peace of Paris 1783

answer

American Delegates: Ben Franklin, John Adams, John Jay; Instructed to follow lead of France; John Jay makes side treaty with England; Independence of the US; land area Atlantic of Miss. River, Great Lakes to Florida; End of loyalist Persecution, pay debt to England.

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French Revolution

answer

the revolution that began in 1789, overthrew the absolute monarchy of the Bourbons and the system of aristocratic privileges, and ended with Napoleon's overthrow of the Directory and seizure of power in 1799.

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Waterloo

answer

the battle on 18 June 1815 in which Napoleon met his final defeat, Located in Belgium, the place where the british army and the prussian army forces attacked the french. Napoleon's final defeat against the British and Prussians

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Zionism

answer

a policy for establishing and developing a national homeland for Jews in Palestine

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Congress of Vienna

answer

Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon I. (p. 594)

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Blood and Iron

answer

policy of German unification put forth by Bismarck; belief that industry & war would unify Germany

question

Locke

answer

Wrote Two Treatises of Government. Said human nature lived free and had the natural rights of life, liberty, and property. He said government was created in order to protect these rights and if the government failed to do so it was the duty of the people to rebel.

question

Rousseau

answer

French philosopher and writer born in Switzerland

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Louis XVI

answer

- King of France (1774-1792). In 1789 he summoned the Estates-General, but he did not grant the reforms that were demanded and revolution followed. Louis and his queen, Marie Antoinette, were executed in 1793.

question

Napolean

answer

started as young general. Joined french leaders in a coup d' etat. Made every citizen pay taxes, made education free, and applied dictatorship before becoming Emperor of France

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Hidalgo

answer

This Spanish priest led the rebellion against Spain and was executed for it. The rebellion was ultimately successful and Mexico won its independence in 1821.

question

Wilberforce

answer

Anti-slavery reform; 1807 end of slave trade; 1833 end of slavery.

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Stanton

answer

United States suffragist and feminist

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Mazzini

answer

Italian nationalist whose writings spurred the movement for a unified and independent Italy (1805-1872)

question

Metternich

answer

a German-Austrian politician and statesman, and one of the most important diplomats of his era. He was a major figure on the negotiations leading to and at the Congress of Vienna and is considered both a paradigm of foreign policy management and a major figure on the development of diplomacy.

question

Garibaldi

answer

Italian patriot whose conquest of Sicily and Naples led to the formation of the Italian state (1807-1882)

question

Flying Shuttle

answer

was developed by John Kay, its invention was one of the key developments in weaving that helped fuel the Industrial Revolution, enabled the weaver of a loom to throw the shuttle back and forth between the threads with one hand

question

Mule

answer

A small, motorized platform often used for transporting supplies and personnel.

question

Bessemer Converter

answer

a refractory-lined furnace used to convert pig iron into steel by the Bessemer process

question

Luddites

answer

These were the angry old cottage industry workers who lost their jobs and costumers to machines and as a result, they began to secretly destroy the machines

question

Cotton GIn

answer

machine that produced a more efficient way to get the seeds out of cotton, and expanded southern development

question

Utopian Socialism

answer

Philosophy introduced by the Frenchman Charles Fourier in the early nineteenth century. Utopian socialists hoped to create humane alternatives to industrial capitalism by building self-sustaining communities whose inhabitants would work cooperatively (616

question

Mines act of 1842

answer

prohibited underground work for women, considered a scandal for women to work in the pits, prevented the fraternizing of sexes

question

Factory act of 1833

answer

limited the factory workday for children between 9 and 13 to 8 hours and that of adolescents between 14 and 18 to 12 hours-made no effort to regulate hours of work for children at home or in small businesses-children under 9 were to be enrolled by schools to be established by factory owners-broke pattern of whole families working together in the factory because efficiency required standardized shifts for all workers

question

Zaibatsu

answer

The large family-controlled banking and industrial groups that owned many companies in Japan before World War II.

question

Kay

answer

invented the flying shuttle

question

Watt

answer

Scottish engineer and inventor whose improvements in the steam engine led to its wide use in industry (1736-1819)

question

Bessemer

answer

British inventor and metallurgist who developed the Bessemer process (1813-1898)

question

Ford

answer

United States manufacturer of automobiles who pioneered mass production (1863-1947)

question

Rockefeller

answer

United States industrialist who made a fortune in the oil business and gave half of it away (1839-1937)

question

Fourier

answer

French sociologist and reformer who hoped to achieve universal harmony by reorganizing society (1772-1837)

question

Marx

answer

founder of modern communism

question

Louisiana Purchase

answer

territory in western United States purchased from France in 1803 for $15 million

question

Little Big Horn

answer

General Custer and his men were wiped out by a coalition of Sioux and Cheyenne Indians led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse

question

Mexican American War

answer

after Mexican refusal to sell California-New Mexico region, Polk sent troops and it ended w/ Treat of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

question

Caudillos

answer

Military dictator; gained control after independence movements

question

Mexican Revolution

answer

The Mexican Revolution was characterized by several socialist, liberal, anarchist and agrarianist movements, and culminated in the Mexican Constitution of 1917 Led by Fransico Madero

question

Tierra y Libertad

answer

land and liberty

question

Railroad time

answer

Helped unite the union. Each community operated on its own time. 1870, Professor C.F. Dowd proposed that the Earth's surface be divided into 24 time zones, one for each hour of the day. U.S. contained 4 zones. Eastern, Central, Mountain, Pacific.

question

Reconstruction

answer

the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union

question

Seneca Falls Convention

answer

Took place in upperstate New York in 1848. Women of all ages and even some men went to discuss the rights and conditions of women. There, they wrote the Declaration of Sentiments, which among other things, tried to get women the right to vote.

question

Gauchos

answer

Argentine cowboys

question

Macdonald

answer

british prime minister who wanted to slash the budget, reduce government salaries and cut unemployment benefit.

question

Santa Ana

answer

Mexican general who tried to crush the Texas revolt and who lost battles to Winfield Scott and Zachary Taylor in the Mexican War (1795-1876)

question

Diaz

answer

Portuguese explorer who in 1488 was the first European to get round the Cape of Good Hope (thus establishing a sea route from the Atlantic to Asia) (1450-1500)

question

Villa

answer

Mexican revolutionary leader (1877-1923)

question

Riel

answer

the basic unit of money in Cambodia

question

Hernandez

answer

Martin Fierro

question

Taiping Rebellion

answer

The most destructive civil war before the twentieth century. A Christian-inspired rural rebellion threatened to topple the Qing Empire. (p. 687)

question

Tanzimat

answer

'Restructuring' reforms by the nineteenth-century Ottoman rulers, intended to move civil law away from the control of religious elites and make the military and the bureacracy more efficient. (p. 678)

question

Duma

answer

Russian national legislature

question

Treaty of Nanjing

answer

1842, ended Opium war, said the western nations would determine who would trade with china, not china, so it set up the unequal treaty system which allowed western nations to own a part of chinese territory and conduct trading business in china under their own laws. This treaty set up 5 treaty ports where westerners could live, work, and be treated under their own laws. One of these were Hong Kong.

question

Tokugawa Bakufu

answer

tent government

question

Rashid

answer

a city in Egypt that used to be called Rosetta

question

Witte

answer

who was nicholas II's first 'prime minister'?

question

Imperialism

answer

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically.

question

Omdurman

answer

a battle (1898) in which an English and Egyptian army under Kitchener defeated the Sudanese

question

Sepoy Uprising

answer

Indian troops who serve in the British army who started a war for independence that lead India to its independence.

question

Treaty of Waitangi

answer

The treaty signed by the British and Maori in 1840 giving Britain control over New Zealand.

question

Maji Maji Rebellion

answer

(1905-1906) against Germans; 75,000 killed

question

Indentured Labor

answer

labor under contract to an employer for a fixed period of time, typically three to seven years, in exchange for their transportation, food, clothing, lodging and other necessities

question

Kipling

answer

English author of novels and poetry who was born in India (1865-1936)

question

Raffles

answer

British colonial administrator who founded Singapore (1781-1826)

question

Stanley

answer

Welsh journalist and explorer who led an expedition to Africa in search of David Livingstone and found him in Tanzania in 1871

question

Speke

answer

English explorer who with Sir Richard Burton was the first European to explore Lake Tanganyika

question

James Cook

answer

English navigator who claimed the east coast of Australia for Britain and discovered several Pacific islands (1728-1779)

question

Roosevelt

answer

26th President of the United States

question

California Gold Rush

answer

1849 (San Francisco 49ers) Gold discovered in California attracted a rush of people all over the country to San Francisco.

question

The National Policy

answer

program of economic development in Canada, purpose to attract migrants, protect nascent industries through tariffs, and build national transportation systems

question

Metis

answer

one of several historically variable terms (michif, bois brûlé, chicot, halfbreed, country-born, mixed blood) used in Canada and some parts of the northern US to describe people of mixed North American Indian-European descent.

question

Northwest Rebellion

answer

In 1885 Louis Riel organized a military force of metis and native peoples in the Saskatchewan river country and led an insurrection known as the _________ ___________. Canadian forces quickly subdued the makeshift army, and government authorities executed Riel for treason.

question

Lincoln

answer

long-wooled mutton sheep originally from Lincolnshire

question

Juarez

answer

a city in northern Mexico on the Rio Grande opposite El Paso

question

Zapata

answer

Mexican revolutionary who led a revolt for agrarian reforms (1879-1919)

question

Whitman

answer

United States frontier missionary who established a post in Oregon where Christianity and schooling and medicine were available to Native Americans (1802=1847)

question

Sarmiento

answer

Argentine president who despised the rule of caudillos that emerged after independencea nd worked for the development of the best society based on European values. Facundo: Civilizatio and Barbarism: necessary for Buenos Aires to being discipline to disorderly Argentine countryside

question

Capitulations

answer

Agreements with European powers that gave European bankers and merchants unfair advantages in the Empire

question

Zemstvos

answer

Local assemblies in Russia.

question

Crimean War

answer

a war in Crimea between Russia and a group of nations including England and France and Turkey and Sardinia

question

Revolution of 1905

answer

Nicholas II failed to fix the politcal, economic and social problems in Russia

question

Opium War

answer

War between Britain and the Qing Empire that was, in the British view, occasioned by the Qing government's refusal to permit the importation of opium into its territories. The victorious British imposed the one-sided Treaty of Nanking on China. (p. 684)

question

Boxer Rebellion

answer

1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops

question

Qing Dynasty

answer

the last imperial dynasty of China (from 1644 to 1912) which was overthrown by revolutionaries

question

Meji Restoration

answer

1867; The policy of Japan to reverse its isolation and replace the feudal rulers of the shogun and increase the power of the emperor

question

Ali

answer

the fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites

question

Alexander II

answer

the son of Nicholas I who, as czar of Russia, introduced reforms that included limited emancipation of the serfs (1818-1881)

question

Nicholas II

answer

the last czar of Russia who was forced to abdicate in 1917 by the Russian Revolution

question

Puyi

answer

The last emperor of China

question

Mutsuhito

answer

emperor of Japan who encouraged the modernization of Japan (1852-1912)

question

Settler Colonies

answer

colonies, such as those in South Africa, New Zealand, Algeria, Kenya, and Hawaii, where minority European populations lived among majority indigenous peoples

question

Mughal

answer

Nomads who lived in the Indian subcontinent and established a powerful empire there

question

Berlin Conference

answer

Conference that German chancellor Otto von Bismarck called to set rules for the partition of Africa. It led to the creation of the Congo Free State under King Leopold II of Belgium. (See also Bismarck, Otto von.) (p. 732)

question

Socail Darwinism

answer

theory of eveolution of human society for "natural slection" to explain how some prosper and others dont capitalism "survival of the fittest"

question

Monroe Doctrine

answer

A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere.

question

Sino Japanese War

answer

(1894-95) War fought between China and Japan. After Korea was opened to Japanese trade in 1876, it rapidly became an arena for rivalry between the expanding Japanese state and neighbouring China,

question

Rhodes

answer

British colonial financier and statesman in South Africa

question

Queen Victoria

answer

queen of Great Britain and Ireland and empress of India from 1837 to 1901 (1819-1901)

question

Livingstone

answer

Scottish missionary and explorer who discovered the Zambezi River and Victoria Falls (1813-1873)

question

Burton

answer

English explorer who with John Speke was the first European to explore Lake Tanganyika (1821-1890)

question

Lili'uokalani

answer

queen of the Hawaiian islands (1838-1917)

question

De Gobineau

answer

said that the aryan race is lost and that the most pure race is degenerating but can be prolonged by proper mating

question

Imperalism

answer

policy of strong nations controlling weaker ones

question

Industrial Revolution

answer

the change from an agricultural to an industrial society and from home manufacturing to factory production, especially the one that took place in England from about 1750 to about 1850.

question

Societies

answer

groups that share a culture

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