question

Comprised of the United States, Canada, and ten western European nations, the Warsaw Pact was launched as a collective deterrent against Soviet aggression.

answer

F

question

In the context of the Cold War, no matter how repressive a nation was, so long as it supported the United States it was counted as a member of the Free World.

answer

T

question

As part of the cultural Cold War, the CIA secretly funded an array of overseas publications, conferences, publishing houses, concerts, art exhibits, and jazz performances.

answer

T

question

Alger Hiss, an editor at Time magazine, accused Whittaker Chambers, a high-ranking State Department official, of giving him secret government documents to pass along to the Soviet Union.

answer

F

question

President Harry Truman was defeated by Thomas Dewey in the election of 1948.

answer

F

question

Human rights and the notion of freedom were not a major focus of American leaders during the Cold War.

answer

F

question

By 1949, the world's largest country measured by land area (the Soviet Union), and the world's largest country by population (China) were both communist.

answer

T

question

The Marshall plan sought to contain Soviet communism by promoting economic recovery and providing humanitarian aid.

answer

T

question

Although the United States was instrumental in the rebuilding of German industry, it did not significantly contribute to similar efforts in Japan.

answer

F

question

The term "iron curtain" was coined by President Harry Truman.

answer

F

question

American officials used anti-communist sentiment to investigate political dissenters and to otherwise widen their powers.

answer

T

question

The United States emerged from World War II as the world's greatest power; it had the world's most powerful navy and air force and accounted for half the world's manufacturing capacity.

answer

T

question

Race relations in the United States were a major ideological concern, and even an embarrassment, for American leaders during the Cold War.

answer

T

question

The Democratic Party platform of 1948 was the most progressive in the party's history.

answer

T

question

In Dennis v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that the imprisonment of communist leaders violated the right of free expression.

answer

F

question

"Dixiecrats" nominated Hubert Humphrey for President in 1948.

answer

F

question

George Kennan was a Soviet spy working in the American embassy in Moscow.

answer

F

question

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) quietly subsidized artists it considered useful in the "cultural Cold War."

answer

T

question

The 1946 congressional elections marked a resounding triumph for Truman's Fair Deal program.

answer

F

question

Jackson Pollock's paintings were viewed as communistic by the CIA and defunded.

answer

F

question

In the atmosphere of the Cold War, the United States tended to define "human rights" in terms of political liberty, while the Soviet Union emphasized social and economic entitlements.

answer

T

question

The first confrontation of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union occurred in the Middle East in Iran.

answer

T

question

In July 1948, President Harry S. Truman issued an executive order desegregating the armed forces.

answer

T

question

In 1947, the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) launched hearings into communist influence in Hollywood, and, in consequence, actors, directors, and screenwriters were blacklisted or jailed.

answer

T

question

The words "under God" were added to the Pledge of Allegiance in the 1950s in response to Soviet opposition to organized religion and to "strengthen our national resistance to communism."

answer

T

question

George Kennan's Long Telegram provided an early formulation of the policy of "containment."

answer

T

question

Under the Truman Doctrine, only those governments that respected the democratic rights of citizens and the sovereignty of other peoples could expect friendship and support from the United States.

answer

F

question

The term totalitarianism originated in Europe between the world wars to describe aggressive, ideologically driven states that sought to subdue all civil society, including churches, unions, and other voluntary associations.

answer

T

question

While the anticommunist hysteria of the postwar years came to be known as "McCarthyism," it arose well before Senator Joseph McCarthy entered the scene.

answer

T

question

Republicans swept the congressional elections of 1946 to control both houses of Congress for the first time since the 1920s.

answer

T

question

Yalta Conference

answer

1945

question

Phillippine granted independence

answer

1946

question

Truman Doctrine ; Federal Employee Loyalty program ; Jackie Robinson integrates major league baseball ; Marshall Plan ; Taft-Hartley Act ; Freedom Trainexhibition ; House Un-American Activities Committee investigates Hollywood

answer

1947

question

UN Adapts Universal Declaration of Human Rights ; Truman desegregates military

answer

1948

question

Berlin Blockade and airlift

answer

1948-1949

question

North Atlantic Treaty Organization established ; Soviet Union tests atomic bomb ; People's Republic of china established

answer

1949

question

McCarthy's Wheeling, WV, speech ; NSC-68 issued ; McCarran Internal Security Act

answer

1950

question

Korean War

answer

1950-1953

question

Dennis v United States

answer

1951

question

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg executed for spying

answer

1953

question

Army-McCarthy hearings

answer

1954

question

Warsaw Pact organized

answer

1955

question

In 1949, the containment policy suffered a major setback in the form of

answer

the "loss" of China to communism.

question

The first hot war of the Cold War—beginning in June 1950—took place in

answer

Korea.

question

Which of the following was not a step toward racial equality in postwar America?

answer

the defeat of Operation Dixie

question

The 1948 United Nations-approved document that called for a range of rights to be enjoyed by people everywhere, including freedom of speech and religion, as well as social and economic entitlements, including the right to an adequate standard of living, access to adequate housing, education, and medical care was called

answer

the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

question

In June 1948, when the United States, Britain, and France introduced a separate currency in their zones of control in the city of Berlin, the Soviet Union responded with

answer

the Berlin Blockade.

question

"Containment" in the context of post-World War II international diplomacy on the part of the United States referred to

answer

the policy by which the United States committed itself to preventing any further expansion of Soviet power.

question

Who was the person who sent the Long Telegram from Moscow in 1946 that lay the foundation for what became known as the policy of "containment"?

answer

George F. Kennan

question

The 1950 National Security Council manifesto that called for a permanent military build-up to enable the United States to pursue a global crusade against communism, describing the Cold War as an epic struggle between "the idea of freedom" and the "idea of slavery under the grim oligarchy of the Kremlin" was

answer

NSC-68.

question

The young California congressman who first gained national prominence through his membership on the House Un-American Activities Committee was

answer

Richard Nixon.

question

Which was not a development of 1949?

answer

The Soviets formalized their own eastern European alliance, the Warsaw Pact.

question

The Truman Doctrine, in March 1947,

answer

asserted that the United States, as the leader of the "free world," must take up responsibility for supporting "freedom-loving peoples" wherever communism threatened them.

question

Which of the following was not a dramatic feature of the 1948 presidential election?

answer

lively debate between supporters and critics of the Korean War

question

What was the name of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) campaign to bring unionization to the South, by which more than 200 labor organizations entered the region in an effort to organize workers?

answer

Operation Dixie

question

Which of the following was not a key provision of the 1947 Taft-Hartley Act?

answer

Unions cannot discriminate on the basis of race.

question

Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?

answer

George Kennan's Long Telegram; unveiling of Truman Doctrine; start of Korean War; founding of Warsaw Pact

question

Anti-Communism was used by the U.S. leaders to

answer

all of the above.

question

What was the 1947 law that sought to reverse gains made by organized labor in the preceding decade, and authorized the president to suspend strikes by ordering an 80-day cooling-off period, banned sympathy strikes and secondary boycotts, outlawed the closed shop, and authorized states to pass "right to work" laws?

answer

the Taft-Hartley Act

question

The June 1947 United States foreign-policy initiative that envisioned a New Deal for Europe, and pledged billions of dollars to finance European economic recovery was

answer

the Marshall Plan.

question

The United Nations committee that drafted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was led by

answer

Eleanor Roosevelt.

question

The "Dixiecrat" presidential ticket of 1948 was led by

answer

Strom Thurmond.

question

Which of the following was not a common target of the anticommunist crusade?

answer

laissez-faire conservatism

question

Which is not true of the Korean War (1950-1953)?

answer

President Truman acknowledged and accepted General MacArthur's push toward the Chinese border and his threat to use nuclear weapons against the Chinese.

question

Which of the following was not a contributing factor behind the rise of the Cold War?

answer

Churchill's call for the construction of a great wall between East and West Germany

question

Who was the United States senator from Wisconsin who announced in February 1950 that he had a list of 205 communists working for the State Department, and whose name later entered the political vocabulary as a shorthand for character assassination, guilt by association, and abuse of power in the name of anti-communism?

answer

Joseph R. McCarthy

question

President Harry S. Truman's program that focused on improving the social safety net and raising the standard of living of ordinary Americans—calling on Congress to increase the middle wage, enact a program of national health insurance, and expand public housing, social security, and aid to education—was

answer

the Fair Deal.

question

George Kennan was

answer

the originator of the containment policy.

question

In the context of postwar Civil Rights, what major-league baseball player joined the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947 and by so doing challenged the longstanding exclusion of black players from major-league baseball?

answer

Jackie Robinson

question

The Truman administration responded to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin by

answer

leading efforts to break the blockade by airlifting supplies to the city.

question

Two outspoken critics of the domestic anticommunist crusade were

answer

Paul Robeson and W. E. B. Du Bois.

question

In 1950, a serious challenge to the containment policy occurred with

answer

the invasion of South Korea.

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