A.P. World History chapter 3 – Flashcards
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Herodotus
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wrote about the mummifications the Egyptians performed. said the Egyptians were a "gift of the Nile"
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Nile River Valley
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produced fertile land when flooded which created a surplus of food. let there be stratified jobs because not everyone needed to hunt and gather
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climatic conditions of the Sub-Sahara Desert
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first, the desert was full of greenery and running water. climate started to increase and the desert soon became uninhabitable by people. used Nile River for a source of water
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Food in the Sub-Sahara Desert
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domesticated animals and gathered wild wheat. planted cotton and watermelon
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deities
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both feared and respected because they were thought to bring rain for crops so they could grow
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Nile River
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red by rain and snow from mountains worlds longest river. when it floods, it leaves behind rich soil that is perfect for farming and gave the Egyptians a surplus of food. links places together because it was a trade way and new ideas and crops where spread
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cataract
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an unnavigable stretch of rapids or waterfalls
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government
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nile kingdoms. many fights over political and economical problems. kingdoms overtook kingdoms.
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ta-seti
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major nubian kingdom. strong and powerful. taken over by Egypt
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nubian kingdoms
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seperate kingdoms. lots of fighting took place
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egyptian kingdoms
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on kingdom that was strong and powerful
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mense (or narmer)
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started unified rule in Egypt, by a king or pharaoh. founded memphis if 3100 b.c.e
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pharaoh
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said to be gods sent down to earth as humans. associated with horus the sky god. said to be amon's son, the sun gods son. pharaohs were shown being bigger than the other people in pictures because they had more power
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archaic period
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3100 b.c.e to 2660 b.c.e. when most powerful pharaohs where. most pyramids were built
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old Kingdom
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2260 b.c.e to 2160 b.c.e. when most powerful pharaohs where. most pyramids were built
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Khufu or Cheops
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most famous pyramid
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Nubia
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had gold, ebony, ivory, and precious stones. egypt wanted what it had. both societies feared each other because they thought they where going to be taken over by one another. established a powerful kingdom called Kush. Kush was strong and powerful, not as strong as Egypt though. trade between it and Egypt. societies sometimes mixed and people sometimes married
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middle kingdom
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2040 b.c.e. to 1640 b.c.e. pharaohs not as powerful
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hyksos
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from southwest asia horse-riding nomadic people. had a military advantage over Egypt and took over Egypt through Memphis, the capital. used horses, bronze weapons and arrows.
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new kingdom
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surplus of food. population -4 million, plus a strong army. government split into many working offices. pharaohs built temples and palaces to show their power and wealth
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Tuthomis III
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most vigorous king. beat Kush through capital kerma. took over most of Nubia and the Nile River Valley
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Egypt's decline
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nubians pushed Egyptians out of Nubia. pushed out from southwest asia and Assyrians invade Egypt.
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King Kashta
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takes over Thebes and forms Kushtite dynasty in Egypt. earns the name pharaohs. extends egypt passed the Nile Delta
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Assyrian Rule
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pushes out Kushtite dynasty and invades Egypt
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patriarchal societies
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where adult men have higher positions and are in charge
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writing
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used for literary expressions and religious reflections. used for government records- taxes- and commerical information- kepping records of who payed or traded.
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Memphis
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first capital of egypt
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thebes
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major city. also a capital. administrative center for upper egypt
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tanis
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important trade port
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kerma
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earliest Kush capital. trade center for land and sea trade (Nile River).
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Napata
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political center for Nubia
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Meroe
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Nubia's second capital. trade center for Nile River.
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heirarchies
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social distinction. a society with different classes
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social classes (egypt)
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persants/ slaves- hard laborers that worked in the fields. royals- pharaoh- supreme central ruler. no noble class- professional military forces and administrators and tax collectors as central government.
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social classes (nubia)
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diverse society. wealthy showed money by buying goods and decorating themselves and their houses with them, or putting them in coffins with the dead.
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Patriarchal society
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men where supreme and more important. ran most states and made most decisions
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men and women
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able to buy property and slaves and give their wealth to their children
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women
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more power and freedom in egypt and nubia. some where priestesses. some got an education
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queen hatshepsut
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took power as a pharaoh. coruled with Tuthmosis III. women ruler- unfamiliar in Egypt at the time.
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nubian women
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many women ruled nubia. some by themselves and others with a king
