Chapter 13 AP World History Vocabulary – Flashcards
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Bakufu
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Military government established by the Minamoto following the Gempei Wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai.
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Fujiwara
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Japanese aristocratic family in mid-9th century; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power.
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Tea Ceremony
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An ancient ritual for preparing and serving and drinking tea, practiced by the Samurai to enhance concentration and self- control.
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Kamakura Shogunate
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The first of Japan's decentralized military governments. (1185-1333).
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Son of Heaven
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Title of the ruler of China, first known from the Zhou dynasty. It acknowledges the ruler's position as intermediary between heaven and earth.
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Nguyen
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Rival Vietnamese dynasty that arose in southern Vietnam to challenge traditional dynasty of Trinh in north at Hanoi; kingdom centered on Red and Mekong rivers; capital at Hue.
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Le Dynasty
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The longest ruling Vietnamese dynasty. Drawing on Confucian principles, its rulers increased the size and strength of the Vietnamese state and promoted agricultural productivity.
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Kumsong
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Capital of Korea in the Medieval Era modeled after the Chinese capital of Chang'an.
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Paekche
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Independent Korean kingdom in southeastern part of peninsula; defeated by rival Silla kingdom and its Chinese Tang allies in 7th century.
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Trung Sisters
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Leaders of one of the frequent peasant rebellions in Vietnam against Chinese rule; revolt broke out in 39 c.e.; demonstrates importance of Vietnamese women in indigenous society.
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Taika Reforms
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Attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolute Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army.
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Tale of Genji
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Story of Prince Genji and his lovers, written by Lady Murasaki Shikibu at end of 11th century, world's first full novel.
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Zen Monasteries
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Monasteries where monks practiced Zen Buddhism.
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Shoguns
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Military leaders of Japan during its feudal era and the actual powers behind the emperor until the Meiji restoration. Leaders of the Bakufu.
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Kuya
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Early propagator of Pure Land. Was a dancing monk and entertainer; went around singing and dancing. Wore bells, drums, taught ecstatic worship, appealed to the masses.
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Ho Xuan Huong
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One of the most famous of Vietnamese women who wrote poetry, and flouts Confucian decorum and mocks her male suitors.
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Onin War
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War between rival heirs of Ashikaga Shogunate; fought between 1467 and 1477; led to warfare between rival headquarters and Kyoto and destruction of old capital.
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Koguryo
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Tribal people of northern Korea; established an independent kingdom in the northern half of the peninsula; adopted cultural Sinification.
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Trinh
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Dynasty that ruled in north Vietnam at Hanoi, 1533 to 1772; rivals of Nguyen family in South.
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Viets
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The Vietnamese people, called "southern barbarians" by the Chinese.
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Koryo
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Korean kingdom founded in 918 and destroyed by a Mongol invasion in 1259.
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Samurai
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Feudal Japanese military aristocracy; big importance on loyalty, honesty.
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Heian
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Capital city of Japan under the Yamato emperors, later called Kyoto; built in order to escape influence of Buddhist monks; patterned after ancient imperial centers of China; never fully populated.
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Bushi
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Regional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies.
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Minamoto
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Defeated the rival Taira family in Gempei Wars and established military government (bakufu) in 12th century Japan.
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Hanoi
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Capital of Vietnam after reunification; capital of independent North Vietnam during the war.
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Daimyo
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A Japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai.
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Khmers
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Indianized rivals of the Vietnamese; moved into Mekong River delta region at time of Vietnamese drive to the south.
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Sinification
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Extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions; typical of Korea and Japan, less typical of Vietnam.
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Nara
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Japan's first true city; it was established in 710 north of modern Osaka.
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Tribute System
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A system in which defeated peoples were forced to pay a tax in the form of goods and labor. This forced transfer of food, cloth, and other goods subsidized the development of large cities.
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Seppuku
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Ritual suicide or disembowelment in Japan; commonly known in West as hara-kiri; demonstrated courage and a means to restore family honor.
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Yoritomo
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Leader of the Minamoto clan and became the supreme military leader of Japan when he defeated the only remaining powerful clan; was granted the title of shogun; created a warrior state ruled by military.
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Emperor Kammu
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Started the heian period. Kicked Buddhists out of the city. Stopped Taika reforms.
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Ryoanji Temple
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Zen Buddhist temple (in Kyoto), design of garden consists of islands of volcanic rock set amidst white pebbles.
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Kami
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One the Shinto deities (including mythological beings, spirits of distinguished men, forces of nature.
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Chams
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Indianized rivals of the Vietnamese; driven into the highlands by the successful Vietnamese drive to the south.
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Silla
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Independent Korean kingdom in southeastern part of peninsula; defeated Koguryo along with their Chinese Tang allies; submitted as a vassal of the Tang emperor and agreed to tribute payment; ruled united Korea by 668.
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Middle Kingdom
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Refers to China because the people believed that their land stood between heaven and earth.
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Shintoism
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Religion located in Japan and related to Buddhism. Shintoism focuses particularly on nature and ancestor worship.
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Yi
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Korean dynasty that succeeded Koryo dynasty following period of Mongol invasions; established in 1392; ruled Korea to 1910; restored aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence.
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Gumpei Wars
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Waged for five years from 1180 on Honshu between the Taira and Minamoto families; ended in destruction of Taira.
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Kama Kura
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Rule in Japan before Minamoto. First Shogunate.`
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Yoshitsune
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In 1185, he wins a decisive naval battle at Dannoura and defeats the Taira.
