AP World History: Nationalism – Flashcards
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Congress of Vienna
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Meeting of conservative leaders to restore the old order of Europe
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Conservatives
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Supporters of an ideology in favor of monarchies, aristocracy, and tradition
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Louis Philippe
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Citizen-King of France
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Victor Emmanuel
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Constitutional monarch of newly unified Italy
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Louis Kossuth
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Leader of Hungarian nationalists
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Ultraroyalists
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French group of emigres and clergy who supported monarchy
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Congress of Berlin
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Meeting of European leaders that focused on issues relating to the Balkans
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Liberals
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Supporters of an ideology in favor of written constitutions and democracy
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Franz Josef
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Emperor of the Dual Monarchy
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William I
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First ruler of newly unified Germany
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Magyars
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Hungarian ruling class
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Philhellenes
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Supporters of Greek independence movement
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Nationalism
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The loyalty of a people to their common culture, traditions, ethnicity, geographic territory, and the idea of self-rule
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Charter of French Liberties
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Issued by Louis XVII, created a 2-house legislature and allowed limited freedom of the press
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Charles X
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Strong absolutist, rejected the idea of the Charter of French Liberties, limited right to vote and restricted the press
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Louis Phillipe
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Extended suffrage but only to the wealthier citizens; upper bourgeoisie prospered under his rule
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Louis Napoleon
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Crowned self emperor in 1848, issued constitution for the Second Republic, increased amount of people who could vote
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Louis Kossuth
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Became imprisoned by Australians for 3 years but got out
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Frankfurt Assembly
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Wanted to create the German government Monarchy; broke up Germany into 5 different states; was unsuccessful
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Frederick William IV
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Forced to agree to constitution by liberals in Prussia , but then issued own constitution and kept power with him and the upper class
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Recession
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Period of reduced economic activity
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Belgium and Poland
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To what lands did the revolutions spread in 1830?
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Monarchies cooperated together to repress revolutions, lack of unity
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Why did most of the revolutions of 1848 fail to achieve their goals?
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Belgium and Greece
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Which countries gained independence in 1830 and 1831?
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Russia helped crush his movement
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Why was Kossuth unable to win Hungarian independence?
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Junkers
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Powerful group in unified Germany
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Denmark, Austria and France
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Countries Bismarck involved Germany in wars against
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By ignoring the Charter of French Liberties
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How did Charles X contribute to the beginning of the French Revolution of 1830?
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Risorgimento
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Italian unification movement
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Hatt-I Humayum
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Allowed people from all cultures and religions in the Ottoman Empire to be eligible to serve in the Ottoman government, removed cultural divisions in the Ottoman Empire
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Ethnic minorities
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Were dissatisfied with the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary
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Austrian-Germans and Magyars
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Were satisfied with the dual monarchy of the Austrian Empire
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Pan-Slavism
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The desire to unify Slavic peoples in an independent state
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Italy and Germany
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War was used as a means of uniting various states in both
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Government corruption, economic recession, limited suffrage
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Causes of the French Revolution of 1848
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Ausgleich
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Gave Austria and Hungary common ministries of foreign affairs, wars, and finance; prevented any independence from Hungary
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Jingoism
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Extreme nationalism
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Giuseppe Garibaldi
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Leader of the guerrillas who defeated the army of the Kingdom of the two Sicilies
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Young Italy
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Secret society founded by Giuseppi Mazzini in 1831; wanted to transform Italy into an independent sovereign nation
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He needed a foreign force to excel Austria and achieve Italian unity
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Why did Cavour decide to support France and Britain in the Crimean War?
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The small states didn't want to be dominated by Prussia
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Why did the small German states dislike the idea of a united Germany?
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They feared economic competition
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Why did Austria want to maintain the division among German states?
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Prussia
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What German state led the way in creating economic, military, and political unity among the German states?
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Pale
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Government decrees deprived Jews of the right to own land and forced them to live in this area
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Russification
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Other cultures becoming Russian whether voluntarily or not
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Pogroms
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Organized persecution of a minority group, usually Jewish in Czarist Russia
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Province of Lombay and German Estates
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Two foreign territories that Austria lost from 1859 to 1866
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Austria supplied manufactured goods while Hungary supplied food products
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How did Austria and Hungary cooperate economically?
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France, Britain, and Germany
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3 countries that watched events in the Balkans closely after the treaty of Bucharest
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Britain and France
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Which two major European countries provided assistance to the Greek nationalists?
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1829
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When did the Greeks win independence from the Ottoman Empire?
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Ethnic minorities
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Were dissatisfied with the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary
