World History Chapter 18 – Flashcards
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The old order before the Revolution in France.
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ancien regime
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the three social classes in France
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estates
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nuns, monks, priests, bishops, abbots, and other high church leaders
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First Estate
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the nobility of French society
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Second Estate
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most diverse of class, "everybody else"
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Thrid Estate
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middle class; bankers, lawyers, doctors, merchants, journalists
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bourgeoisie
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when a government spends more money than it takes in
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deflict spending
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financial expert of Louis XVI, he advised Louis to reduce court spending, reform his government, abolish tarriffs on internal trade, but he was later fired
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Jacques Necker
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- King of France (1774-1792). In 1789 he summoned the Estates-General, but he did not grant the reforms that were demanded and revolution followed. Louis and his queen, Marie Antoinette, were executed in 1793.
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Louis XVI
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the legislative body consisting of representives of the three estates. they hoped that they could bring the absolute monarch under the control of the nobles and guarentee their own privileges
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Estates-General
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notebooks that Louix XVI made the three estates prepare listing their grievances
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cahiers
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third estate is locked out of their meeting room, so the take it to an indoor tennis court and swear an oath of not giving up until a new constitution is established
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Tennis Court Oath
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a grim medieval fortress used as a prison for political and other prisoners. it was believed that it also held weapons and gunpowder.
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Bastille
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conflicting groups
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factions
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the aristocratic hero of two worlds. he fought alongside George Washington in the American Revolution and headed the national guard in Paris
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Marquis de Lafayette
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On October 5, 6,000 women marched from Paris to Versailles demanding and shouting for bread. they demanded to see the king, but their anger was directed towards the queen, for living too lavish of a life.
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March on Versailles
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queen of France (as wife of Louis XVI) who was unpopular her extravagance and opposition to reform contributed to the overthrow of the monarchy; she was guillotined along with her husband (1755-1793)
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Marie Antoinette
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French nobility who fled country to escape the Revolution
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emigres
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urban workers "those without knee breeches", pushed for more radical action
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sans-culottes
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revolutionary political club, mostly middle classmen
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Jacobins
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the right to vote
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suffrage
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He set out to build a French "republic of virtue"; his rule became known as the Reign of Terror
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Maximilien Robespierre
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lead under Robespierre, (1793-1794), "death to all traitors"
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Reign of Terror
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a machine for beheading people, used as a means of execution during the French Revolution. aka national razor
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guillotine
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a popular military hero who had won a series of brilliant victories, would become ruler of France
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Napoleon Bonaparte
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a strong feeling of pride and devotion to one's country
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nationalism
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a port city in France, where a song was sung by troops to fight against tyranny - now known as the national anthem of this country.
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Marseilles
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This was the civil code put out by Napoleon that granted equality of all male citizens before the law and granted absolute security of wealth and private property. Napoleon also secured this by creating the Bank of France which loyally served the interests of both the state and the financial oligarchy
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Napoleonic Code
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popular vote by ballot
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plebiscite
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incorporate
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annex
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Napoleon's policy of preventing trade between Great Britain and continental Europe, intended to destroy Great Britain's economy.
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Continental System
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hit and run raids
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guerilla warfare
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when the russians retreated eastward against Napoleon burning crops and towns along the way
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scorched-earth policy
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to step down from power
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abdicate
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Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon (1814-1815)
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Congress of Vienna
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restoring hereditary monarchies that the French Revolution or Napoleon had unseated
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legitimacy
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powers met to discuss any problems affecting the peace of Europe
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Concert of Europe
