Chapter 8 US History Review – Flashcards
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Who held the main strength in the political machine?
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Well-organized political parties and political bosses
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Who formed personal relationships w/ their constituents?
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political bosses and local precinct reps.
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Thomas Nast
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-drew political cartoons -the corruption of Tammany Hall & the Tweed King were revealed in his series
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What scandals plagued Grant's administration?
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-William Tweed & sidekicks looted the NYC treasury -financiers Jay Gould & James Fisk wanted to gain a monopoly on the Gold market
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Who wrote the Gilded Age?
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Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner
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What was unique about Grover Cleveland?
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he had 2 inconsecutive terms
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Who succeeded Chester Arthur?
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Grover Cleveland
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What were Grover Cleveland's goals as president?
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-political reform -hoped to end the days when gov. jobs were given out as a reward 4 political favors
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What did Benjamin Harrison do when he won the presidency?
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-rewarded ALL his supporters along with Congress -started his reform efforts
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What was another name for the Republican controlled Congress of 1890?
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The Billion Dollar Congress
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What happened when state gov. passed Granger laws?
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-it forced states to regulate railroad freight and gain-storage rates
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Why did farmers want gov. to back paper money with silver and what did it help them do?
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-because silver was plentiful in the West -it would reduce the value of a dollar & help them pay off debts
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Who made up the populist party?
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Farmers, labor leaders and reformers
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What ended the populist party?
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Defeat in the election of 1890 and improvements in farmer's economic status
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Political Bosses
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leaders of political machines
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James Pendergrst
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a well-liked boss in Kansas City, Missouri. He began his political career while running a saloon in the industrial river-bottom district where immigrants lived & worked. He gained political support by providing jobs and services to A.A., Irish American and Italian Americans
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Gilded Age
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name applied by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner to late 1800s America to describe the corruption and greed that lurked below the surface of society
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Stalwarts
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Republicans in the late 1800s who opposed reform
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Interstate Commerce Act
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law that regulated railroad shipping b/w states
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Mugwumps
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"Big chiefs" referred to Republican reformers who supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in the presidential election of 1884
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Tammany Hall
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a political organization within the Democratic Party in New York City
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National Grange
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National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry; organization founded by Oliver Hudson Kelley in 1867; addressed economic and political issues concerning farmers
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Cooperatives
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groups that pool members' resources to sell products directly to markets and to buy goods at wholesale prices
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James Garfield
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relatively unknown senator who was the Republican Party's presidential candidate
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Political Machines
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well-organized political parties that dominated local and state gov. in the late 1800s
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Gold Standard
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type of monetary system in which money is worth a specific amount of in gold
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Graft
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acquisition of money or political power through illegal or dishonest methods
