AP World History Chapter 11 Strayer – Flashcards
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Sultanate of Delhi
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Major Turkic Muslim state established in northern India in 1206
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Sufis
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Islamic mystics, many of whom were important missionaries of Islam in conquered lands and who were revered as saints
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Sikhism
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A significant syncretic religion that evolved in India, blending elements of Islam and Hinduism. Founded by Guru Nanak
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Ulama
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Islamic religious scholars
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Timbuktu
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Great city of West Africa, noted as the center of Islamic scholarship in the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries
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Sharia
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Islamic law, dealing with all of matters of both secular and religious life
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Shaykhs
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Sufi teachers who attracted a circle of disciples and often founded individual schools of Sufism
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Marco Polo
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The most famous European traveler of the Middle Ages whose travel account of his time in China was widely popular in Europe
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Rightly Guided Caliphs
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The first our rulers of the Islamic world after the death of Muhammad
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Quran
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The most holy text of Islam, recording the revelations given to the prophet Muhammad
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Mozarabs
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Christians who adopted much of Arabic culture and observed many Muslim practices without actually converting to Islam
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Muhammad Ibn Abdulah
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The Prophet of Islam (570-632ce)
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Pillars of Islam
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The five core practices required of Muslims a profession of faith, regular prayer, charitable giving, fasting during Ramadan and a pilgrimage to Mecca
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Mecca
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Key pilgrimage center in Arabia that became the birthplace of Islam
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Muslim
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The name adopted by Muhammad and his followers to describe their submission to God
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Imams
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Leaders with high authority; the twelve imams of early Shia Islam were Muhammad's nephew Ali and his descendents
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Madrassas
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Formal colleges for higher instruction in the teachings of Islam as well as in secular subjects, founded throughout the Islamic world
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Jihad
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The spiritual striving of each Muslim towards godly life and armed struggle against the forces of unbelief and evil
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Kaaba
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Great stone shrine in Mecca that was a major pilgrimage center for worshipers of many deities before it was reconsecrated to monotheistic use
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Jizya
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Special tax paid by dhimmis in Muslim-ruled territory in return for freedom to practice their own religion
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House of Wisdom
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An academic center for research and translation of foreign texts that was established in Baghdad by the Abbasid caliph al-Mamun
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Ibn Sina
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One of the greatest polymaths of the Islamic world, a Persian who wrote prolifically on scientific and philosophical issues
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Hajj
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The pilgrimage to Mecca enjoined on every Muslim who is able to make the journey
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Hijra
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The flight of Muhammad and his original seventy followers from Mecca to Yathrib
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Hadiths
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Traditions past on about the sayings or actions of Muhammad and his immediate followers
