Chapter 10 Film FILM HISTORY – Flashcards
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the cameras, projectors, sound recording devices, technology etc.
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What are artifacts important to film historians?
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the aesthetic, technological, economic, and social
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What are the four traditional approaches to film history?
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individual movies and directors using criteria that assess their artistic significance and influence
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What does the aesthetic approach evaluate?
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cuts across artists, studios, movements, and genres to focus on the interaction of technology with aesthetic modes of production, and economic factors
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What does the technological approach evaluate?
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how and why the studio system was founded, how it adapted to changing conditions and how and why different studios took different approaches to producing different movies and how these movies have been distributed and what effect it had on film history
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What does the economic approach evaluate?
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audience composition, marketing and critical writing and reviewing in the media
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What does the social approach evaluate?
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records the phases of an action
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What is series photography?
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invented by Janssen in 1874, it is a cylinder-shaped camera that creates exposures automatically, at short intervals on segments of a revolving plate. (later version called fusel photographicque)
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What is the revolver photographique?
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the magic lantern and a zoopraxiscope (used to show images from revolver photographique)
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What was an early projector called?
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Kinetograph (viewed through Kinetoscope). Invented by Thomas Edison
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What was the first motion-picture camera?
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Thomas Edison's "The Black Maria"
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What was the first movie studio?
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Edwin s. porter and d.w. griffith's development in narrative form. classical "hollywood style" (studio-based style)
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What distinguishes the "silent era" 1908-1927?
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distorted, exaggerated settings; compositions of unnatural spaces; the use of oblique angles and nonparallel lines. ended when Hitler rose to power
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What distinguished German Expressionism (1919-1931)?
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(1) short dadaist and surrealist films (anti conventional) (2) short, naturalistic psychological studies (3) feature-length films that also emphasize pure visual form
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Types of French Avant-Garde Films (1918-1930)?
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Lenin encouraged the film industry (propaganda films) after the bolshevik revolution
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What prompted the Soviet Montage Movement (1924-1930)?
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Sound came in 1927. employees of studios not treated as artists - strict contracts. Created the MPPDA
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What distinguished the Classical Hollywood Style in Its Golden Age (1927-1947)?
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Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America. Produced the "Motion Picture Production Code" censorship. Replaced by ratings in 1968
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What was the MPPDA?
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After Mussolini's downfall Italians started art movements that depicted realism. High value in narrative films on ordinary, poor people. Actual location shooting (not in studios)
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What distinguished Italian Neorealism (1942-1951)?
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films were self-reflective, focusing attention on them as movies and diverting our attention away from their narratives
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What distinguished French New Wave Movement (1959-1964)?
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rejected prevailing cinematic conventions, focused on ordinary people. many documentary films
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What distinguished England and Free Cinema Movement?
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avant-garde, naturalistic. Dogme 95 Manifesto "the vow of chastity"
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What distinguished the Dogme 95 Movement of Denmark?
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acknowledged nazi germany history, inspired more german films
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What did das neue kino (the new german cinema movement) do?
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Influenced by Hollywood and french new wave. Had the japanese fatalistic attitude toward life and death.
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What distinguished Japan and Postwar Filmmaking?
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independent filmmakers replaced studios - increased audience members - ratings less harsh
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What was so significant about new hollywood?
