ED 190 ch 7&8 – Flashcards
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the puritans' view of education was...
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memorization of Scripture and the practice of biblical principles were more important than academic subjects
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first colonial schools were established for...
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religious purposes, helped secular aspects of society develop and prosper, and they provided students with the skills necessary to participate in commerce
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What was a practice in the 18th century that involved teachers living with students' families for about a week?
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"Boarding 'round"
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Benjamin Franklin was...
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inventor, philosopher, believer in useful arts
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In dame schools teachers were... classes were held where... the teacher received pay from...
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respected women w/ little or no formal education, in the teacher's home, parents paid the teacher to have their children educated
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In Latin Grammar Schools parents paid... the students learned...
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tuition to send their children to school and they learned higher levels of reading, writing, arithmetic, and classical literature, they were the forerunners of modern high schools
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What was the first compulsory education law in the New World?
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Massachusetts Act of 1642
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What did the Old Deluder Satan Act est.?
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that every town of 50 or more households must provide a school even though no funding is attached to the act. This helped improve the literacy rate of the New England Colonies
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The New England Primer had a spelling guide based on what...
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the alphabet and included the Lord's Prayer and the Ten Commandments
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Franklin Academies had classes in what...
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astronomy classes, navigation courses, and student choice in course selection
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Town schools were created to do what...
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gave slaves the opportunity to learn to read and write
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Who was the "Schoolmaster of the Republic" who published the American Spelling Book?
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Noah Webster
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What was the legislative act that divided federally owned wilderness land into townships and it required the building of schools?
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Northwest Ordinance of 1787
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What were some objections to the idea of a common school?
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free schools would mean fewer private school students, that they decreased the workforce of children who opted for school instead of jobs, and that an overeducated citizenry might question authority
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What marked the beginning of public high schools?
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the opening of the English Classical School in 1821
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What 3 educators made a significant impact on the field of early childhood education?
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Johann Pestalozzi, Friedrich Froebel, and Maria Montessori
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What was the purpose of Normal Schools?
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provide formal training for teachers
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What was Prudence Crandall best known for?
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her work with African American children
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What was the purpose of the Black Codes?
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prohibit the education of slaves
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What are the basic principles of progressive education?
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education is life, not just preparation for life, learning should be directly related to the interests of the child, and that cooperation among students should be emphasized more than competition
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Who est. a school in Florida and what did the school do?
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Mary McLeod Bethune; train female African American teachers
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What legislative act called for the strengthening of science, math, and foreign language programs?
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National Defense Education Act of 1958
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What was the court ruling that declared that segregating children based solely on race was wrong and illegal?
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Brown v. Board of Education
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What was the legislative acts that withheld federal funds from schools that discriminated against students based on race, color, or national origin?
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
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What did the publication of "A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform" do for education?
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renewed attention to education and resulted in new proposals for reform and improvement, introduction of restructuring, including year-round schools, longer school days, and longer school years
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What is philosophy?
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defined as love of wisdom, a means of answering fundamental questions, and a vibrant way of discovering and expressing ways of being and acting
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What is a teacher's philosophy of education?
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its the teacher's love of wisdom regarding teaching, an expression of attitudes and actions every day in the classroom and a fluid statement that changes and grows with experience
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What is a student-centered approach to teaching?
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progressivism, social reconstructionism, and existentialism
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What approaches are considered teacher-centered?
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essentialism and perennialism
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Maria Montessori's beliefs about early childhood education include...
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ideas that children are capable of integrating aspects of the world around them through the use of their senses, that children ages 9-12 are the ideal participants in her methods, and that environments should be carefully constructed to provide children only the environment that aligns w/ the Montessori scholl philosophy
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If at a school, rules are paramount and are taken very seriously, the curriculum focuses on a traditional core of classes, and the teachers focus heavily on standards and testing. Then that school's philosophy of education is...
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essentialism
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The writings of who is an essential component of curriculum in the philosophy of education called perennialism...
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writings of Homer, Shakespeare, Melville, and Einstein
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What do progressives believe?
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that teachers are facilitators and coaches, that students are unique, active, and self-motivated, and that the learning environment should be safe for risk-taking and it should be stimulating
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What are the principles of social reconstructionism?
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that teachers should instill a sense of responsibility for humanity, that students should be involved in social issues, and that the curriculum should emphasize equity
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The Summerhill School in England that emphasized learning by discovery was founded by who?
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A. S. Neill
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The following educators were major proponents of social reconstrucionism...
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George Counts, Paulo Friere, and Ivan Illich
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If a teacher believes that they should promote individual learning and should teach the whole child and that knowledge leads to self-discovery and that instruction should include alternatives and choices, and should require decision making then they are likely a what in their philosophy?
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existentialist
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The philosophy based on the belief that ideas are the only reliable form of reality is called...
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idealism
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Proponents of romanticism believe what...
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believe that the needs of the individual are more important than the needs of society, that young children are born good, pure, and full of curiosity, and that children should be validated with opportunities to explore and manipulate elements of their environment
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Who was the most prominent of all the proponents of progressivism?
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John Dewey
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What is the philosophy that seeks to change society rather than just teach about it?
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social reconstruction
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Picking and choosing among the components of several philosophies to create an individual philosophy is referred to as...
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eclectic approach
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What is the philosophy which contends that curriculum is set and unchanging?
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perennialism
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What enters into every decision a teacher makes?
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Philosophy
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A teacher who primarily facilitates, coaches, and encourages likely has an anchor philosophy of what?
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progressivism
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What philosophy is least likely to initiate service-learning?
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existentialism
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What is the philosophy that is least likely to give students choices?
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perennialism
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What philosophy grew out of a sense that those in power control those who don't have power?
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postmodernism
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What is the only way to know anything?
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through the study of the material world is espoused by realists
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What is the philosophy of progressisism?
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says that education is more than preparation for life, but rather it is life itself
