question

First modern Homo sapiens

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first appeared in Africa between 200,00 and 150,000 years ago

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NOT a development of the Pal eolithic age

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regular production of food through agriculture

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Early Neolithic Era saw?

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a slow transition from hunting and gathering, to an agricultural society

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Civilization- refers to human societies which, amongst other features?

answer

have an urban focus and a distinct religious structure.

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Jericho

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One of the oldest known agricultural villages, located in Palestine?

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The ancient city of catal huyuk

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a Neolithic walled community sustained by food surpluses.

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The Sumerian Government

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came to view kings as agents of their Gods

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Mesopotamia is located in the valley of the

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Tigris and Euphrates rivers

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city state

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the basic unit of early Mesopotamian civilization

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cuneiform

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the written script of Sumer

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sargon

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the ruler of Akkad who established the first empire in sumer ca 2340 B.C.

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punishments for crimes under the code of Hammurabi

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were more severe for the lower classes

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The status of women in Mesopotamian society

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to be in the home and subservient to her husband

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nile river

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never rises or falls but flows steady year round

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Ancient Egyptian history is divided into?

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3 major periods

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"Ma'at" expresses the Egyptian belief in ?

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truth, justice, and order in the universe

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for administrative purposes in the old kingdom, Egypt was...

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divided into provinces called nomes and governed by monarchs

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the economy of ancient Egypt relied most heavily on

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agriculture

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Originally the Osiris cult was reserved for

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the wealthy who could afford preservation of the body

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The Egyptian pyramids were

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conceived and built as tombs for a city of the dead

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Amenhotep IV is best known for ?

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the temporary installation of the god of the sun disk in Egyptian culture.

question

one of the few female pharos

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Hatshepsut

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The tradition of the Hebrew states that they were descendants of the patriarch who had migrated from Mesopotamia to the land of Palestine

answer

Abraham

question

moses united the Israelites after the Egyptian bondage by putting them under the protection of a new national god named ?

answer

Yahweh

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The founder of the kingdom of Isriel was the military hero

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David

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solomons most revered contribution to the Hebrew society was to

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construct the temple, the symbolic center of the Hebrew religion and society

question

Solomon dies, tension between northern and southern tribes led to establishment of 2 kingdoms, and they were?

answer

isriel and Judah

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586 B.C. The destruction of Jerusalem and the Babylonian captivity of the Hebrews occurred at the hands of the?

answer

chaldeans

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an ethical religion centered around the law of God

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the Hebrews religion

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the Hebrew prophets

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were considered by the Hebrews to be the voice of Yahweh

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the words of the Hebrew prophets

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promoted universalism- stated all nations one day worship god of Israel. proclaimed Israel would- rise again from ashes of conquest advocated social justice- by condemning the rich for mistreating the poor. encouraged a separation- between Jews and non jews

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Many Scholars today

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doubt that the early books of the Hebrew bible reflects the true history of the Israelites.

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Assyrians are important for their innovations in?

answer

empire building

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NOT an Assyrian kind

answer

Ashur

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Assyrian kings organized their empire more effectively by

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reducing the numbers of royal officials

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The Assyrian army was able to conquer and maintain an empire due to its ?

answer

ability to use diversified military tactics

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Darius did NOT accomplish

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conquering egypt

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The Persian empires system of satrapies allowed for

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a sensible system of collecting tribute based on an areas productive capacity.

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a FALSE statement concerning the Persian kings

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as he was considered a god, the king held the power of life and death over all subjects

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the elite imphantry of Persian army

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the immortals

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one chief, cause of Peloponnesian war

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Sparta's fear of the power of Athens maritime empire

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early greek philosophy attempted to

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explain universe on basis of unifying principles

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sophists

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pro- teachers who seemingly question traditional values of their society

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Socrates condemned to death for

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corrupting youth of athens

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Plato, the republic, imagines perfect society ruled by?

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philosopher kings

question

which phrase best describes the social situation of most greek women

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kept under strict control, cut off from education and were always assigned a male guardian

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Not one of king Phillip II military reforms

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abandoned phalanx formation as too ineffective and inefficient.

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in his philippics Demosthenes

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portrayed Phillip II as a looming threat to greek freedom

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Isocrates

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hoped phillip would unite greek world in a campaign against Persia.

question

NOT conquered by Alexander

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Arabia

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Alexander the greats troops rebelled when he made the decision to invade and capture what place?

answer

india

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establishing his empire alexander the great ?

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-saw his self as descendant of greek gods and a hero -combined greek and Persian practices to allow its administration -allowed intermarriage between soldiers and native Persian women

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Ptolemaic

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Hellenistic dynasty that lasted longest

question

antigod kingdom based in what place?

answer

macedonia

question

by first descent B.C.E which was largest city in Mediterranean?

answer

Alexandria

question

Aetolian and Achanean leagues were

answer

located in central Greece and the Peloponnesus

question

improvements in trade and commerce in Hellenistic world were NOT greatly aided by

answer

revolutionary innovations in agriculture

question

which class of women achieved most notable gains during Hellenistic period?

answer

upper class

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In general separate early Greek communities

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became fierce rivals fighting so often as to threaten Greek civilization itself

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The English archaeologist __ uncovered the Bronze Age Minoan civilization on Crete

answer

Sir Arther Evans

question

What were the chief characteristics of the Greek Dark Age?

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Period of migration and declining food production

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Homers Iliad points out the

answer

Honor and courage of Greek aristocrat heros in battle

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Mycenaean kings used titels

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Wanax

question

The polis was the Greek name for

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city-state

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Development of the polis had a negative impact on Greek society by

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dividing Greece into fiercely competitive states.

question

WHich of the following was NOT a characteristic of the typical Greek Polis

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Each polis had population between 90000 and 10000 citizens

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Spartans made the army center of their society

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feared an uprising by the helots

question

Hoplite phalanx relied for its success on

answer

Dicipline and teamwork

question

Unlike women of most other Greek cities spartan women were expected to

answer

stay physically fit to bear healthy the children

question

Which description of Athenian liters is incorrect

answer

Pisistratus remodeled entire Athenian Constitution while utterly neglecting his merchant supporters

question

Cleisthenes Constitution Established Athenian government as

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democracy

question

Immediate cause of Persian war

answer

revolt of Ionian Greek colonies in Asia minor

question

Battle of marathon was a victory for

answer

Athenian hoplites

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Narrow passage where 900 Greek hoplites held a Persian army of over 1500 men for three days

answer

Thermopylae

question

Delian league was organized in 478-477 BC to

answer

keep Sparta isolated in Peloponnese

question

Peloponnesian war resulted in

answer

defeat of Athenians and collapse of its empire

question

Who wrote treatise "on chastity"

answer

Phintys

question

Among most ill treated of Hellenistic slaves

answer

worked in Egyptian gold mines

question

What was the greatest difference between education during the Hellenistic period and during classical

answer

rather than being private enterprise Hellenistic period and education became a duty of cities and their government

question

Rome was established in the first millennium BCE on the

answer

Plain of Latium

question

The Etruscan s were

answer

an urban civilization to the north of Rome

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Rome set a precedent for treating it's vanquished foes after forming the Roman confederations by

answer

offering the most favored allied people full Roman citizenship thus giving them a stake in successful Roman expansion

question

The struggle of the orders

answer

was a peaceful struggle which resulted in political compromise

question

imperium was

answer

The power to command Roman citizens

question

The paterfamilias in Roman society was

answer

-The male head of the household

question

The 12 tables was

answer

-The first formal codification of Roman law and customs

question

The immediate cause of the first Punic war was

answer

-Rome sending in or me to Sicily

question

What was the significance of Scipio Africanus in the second Punic war

answer

-he expelled the Carthaginians from Spain and later won the decisive battle of Zema

question

The second Punic war saw Carthage

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-Carried land war to Rome by Crossing the Alps

question

At the battle of Cannae the Romans

answer

-suffered a devastating defeat by Hannibal

question

The head of Roman religious observances was

answer

-The Pontifex Maximus

question

The goal of Roman religion was to maintain trust and harmony with the spirits a condition known as

answer

-The peace of God's

question

The college of augurs existed to

answer

-interpret signs sent to humans by the gods

question

By the later Republic Roman slaves

answer

-often worked on the Roman latifundia

question

Tiberius gracchus ran for Tribune in 133 B.C.E. on a program of

answer

-providing farm to Landless farmers

question

The reforms of Gaius and Tiberius gracchus

answer

-resulted in further instability and violence as they polarized various social groups

question

Sulla's legacy And importance was that he

answer

-employed his personal army in political disputes paving the way toward Roman Civil War

question

Julius Caesar

answer

-led military commands in Spain and especially gaul that enhanced his popularity

question

The first triumvirate was a political alliance between Crassus, Julius Caesar and

answer

Pompey

question

The absolute monarchical powers of augustus as principles lead to

answer

-The usual victory of his candidates, the client of popular participation in elections, his great popularity as he followed proper legal forms for his power

question

The colonies of veterans established by augustus throughout the empire proved especially valuable in

answer

-romanizing the provinces

question

The Romans praetorian guards were

answer

-oh wait troops given the task of protecting the Emperor

question

Which of the following statements was true of Augustan society

answer

-legislation passed concerning the corruption of morals

question

When augustus died who chose his successo

answer

-Augustus himself

question

Which statement best describes the Julio-Claudian emperors

answer

-varied in ability and effectiveness

question

The first of the Flavian emperors was

answer

Vespasian

question

Hadrians wall was built to protect

answer

-Roman Britain

question

Trade and commerce in the early empire

answer

-stimulated manufacturing, concentrated some industries in certain areas, was secondary in importance to agriculture

question

Which is not true of the coliseum

answer

-destroyed by Caligula

question

Early values of Christianity as exemplified in Jesus's sermon on the mount

answer

Emphasized devotion to values of humility, charity and true brotherly love

question

Most important figure in early Christianity after Jesus

answer

-Paul of tarsus

question

Tetrarchy Was Diocletian plan to

answer

-establish an orderly secession to emperorship

question

Constantine's most enduring reform came in creation

answer

-The "new Rome"

question

The edict of mulan

answer

-Constantine document officially tolerating the existence of Christianity

question

Council of Nicaea in 325

answer

-defined Christ as being of the same substance as God

question

Frankish marriage customs

answer

-placed strong sanctions sometimes death on adulterous women

question

Petrine Doctrine

answer

-was belief that Bishops of Rome held a preeminent position in church

question

Justinian's military conquest under the general Belisarius

answer

-were short-lived

question

Mohammed's flight from Mecca to Medina in 622 is known as the

answer

hegira

Western Civilization History 101 – Flashcards

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