question

Consciousness includes which of the following states? sleeping hypnosis daydreaming reading all of the above

answer

all of the above

question

Stage ___ of sleep is characterized by EEG readings that indicate the presence of sleep spindles and K-complexes

answer

2

question

Most dreaming occurs during sleep stage ___

answer

REM

question

REM sleep is sometimes referred to as paradoxical sleep because ___

answer

muscles in the body remain relaxed while the brain and the eyes remain active

question

The sleep cycle is approximately ___ long

answer

90 minutes

question

The ___ theory of hypnosis states that hypnotic effect occurs because people act out desired roles

answer

social

question

Alcohol is classified as a(n) ___

answer

depressant

question

All of the following are stimulants except: heroin caffeine ecstasy cocaine nicotine

answer

heroin

question

As defined by the text, consciousness includes which of the following? focused attention sleeping hypnosis all of these conditions

answer

all of these conditions

question

According to Freud, dreams are ___

answer

symbolic fulfillment of erotic wishes

question

The effects of chronic sleep deprivation include suppression of the immune system altered metabolic and hormonal functioning impaired creativity all of the above

answer

all of the above

question

Alcohol has the most profound effect on ___

answer

the transfer of experiences to long-term memory

question

A person who requires increasing amounts of a drug in order to feel its effect is said to have developed ___

answer

tolerance

question

I am a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen that produces euphoria and social intimacy by triggering the release of dopamine and serotonin. What am I?

answer

MDMA

question

Which of the following statements concerning marijuana is true?

answer

the by-products of marijuana are cleared from the body more slowly than are the by-products of alcohol

question

Advocates of the social influence theory of hypnosis are likely to argue that ___

answer

hypnotized people are simply enacting the role of good hypnotic subjects

question

The divided consciousness theory of hypnosis states that hypnosis involves ___

answer

dissociation

question

The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of ___

answer

tolerance

question

The discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of certain drugs is called ___

answer

withdrawal

question

Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms are indicative of ___

answer

physical dependence

question

Drug tolerance refers to ___

answer

reduced effect of a drug resulting from its regular usage

question

Which of the following is an amphetamine derivative that acts as a mild hallucinogen? marijuana ecstasy heroin LSD

answer

ecstasy

question

Which of the following is a psychedelic drug? LSD cocaine heroin caffeine

answer

LSD

question

Which of the following is classified as a stimulant? marijuana morphine alcohol nicotine

answer

nicotine

question

Plato's belief that death involves the separation of the mind from the body is known as ___

answer

dualism

question

Consciousness is ___

answer

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

question

Circadian rhythm refers to ___

answer

a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle

question

Our inability to fall asleep early as we had planned is most likely a reflection of ___

answer

the circadian rhythm

question

Alpha waves are associated with ___

answer

relaxed but awake state

question

Three hours after going to sleep, Shoshanna's heart rate increases, her breathing becomes more rapid, and her eyes move rapidly under her closed lids. Research suggests that Shosanna is ___

answer

dreaming

question

Sleep deprivation has been shown to ___

answer

diminish immunity to disease

question

About three hours after he falls asleep, Bobby often sits up in bed screaming incoherently. His mother tries to awaken him, but with no success. His pulse races and he gasps for breath. The next morning, he remembers nothing. It appears that Bobby suffers from ___

answer

night terrors

question

Shane, a straight-A student, remembers dreaming that he failed an important chemistry test. According to Freud, Shane's account represents the ___ content of his dream.

answer

manifest

question

Sleep apnea is a disorder involving ___

answer

the cessation of breathing during sleep

question

The pituitary gland releases a growth hormone during ___

answer

slow-wave sleep

question

Hypnosis involves a state of ___

answer

heightened openness to suggestion

question

Which theory suggests that dreams are mental responses to random bursts of neural stimulation?

answer

activation-synthesis theory

question

The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of ___

answer

tolerance

question

The divided-consciousness theory of hypnosis states that hypnosis involves ___

answer

dissociation

question

Drug tolerance refers to the ___

answer

reduced effect of a drug resulting from its regular usage

question

The discomfort and distress that follow discontinued use of certain drugs is called ___

answer

withdrawal

question

Physical pain and intense cravings indicate ___

answer

physical dependence

question

Although Max never experiences caffeine withdrawal symptoms, he feels that he needs coffee every morning as part of his daily routine. Max best illustrates ___

answer

psychological dependence

question

Compulsive craving for and use of a drug is an indication of ___

answer

addiction

question

Which of the following provides the clearest indication of a drug addiction? physical dependence hallucinations narcolepsy alpha waves REM rebound

answer

physical dependence

question

Those who emphasize that mood fluctuations may be indicative of SAD (seasonal affective disorder) are highlighting the importance of ___

answer

biological rhythms

question

Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called ___

answer

hallucinations

question

Alpha waves are associated with ___

answer

a relaxed but awake state

question

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are called ___

answer

delta waves

question

After sleeping for about 1 1/2 hours, Joe enters a phase of paradoxical sleep. He is likely to ___

answer

have very relaxed muscles

question

Which of the following sleep disorders would be most incapacitating for a commercial bus driver? night terrors insomnia sleepwalking narcolepsy

answer

narcolepsy

question

Sleep apnea is a disorder involving ___

answer

the cessation of breathing during sleep

question

Freud called the remembered story line of a dream its ___ content

answer

manifest

question

1 theory suggests that the brain activity associated with ___ is helpful for developing and preserving neural pathways in the brain

answer

dreaming

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