Chapter 5 Theories of Criminal Behavior: – Flashcards
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Who were the first two American scholars to suggest the importance of a place as having something to do with crime?
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Robert Park and Ernest Burgess
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According to social ecology theory, places that have high crime rtes usually exhibit these characteristics:
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run down buildings, street youths
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What does the term "macro" level refer to in criminology?
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looking at crime as an expansive/ encompassing social phenomenon
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Researchers of social disorganization in Chicago during its early history were most concerned with ____ and ____.
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industrialization and immigration
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Shaw and McKay identified ___ different zones.
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5
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The zone identified by Shaw and McKay as having the highest crime rates was the zone # ___ called _____.
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2, transitional
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What is it called in social disorganization theory when residents complain and organize about problems in their neighborhood?
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collective effort or collective efficacy
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The main principle of human ecology is ____
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to explain why why some communities have higher crime rates than others
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______ and ______ developed routine activities theory.
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Cohen and Felson
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What are the three components of routine activities theory? define
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motivated offender, suitable targets, absence of capable guardianship
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What theory argues that crime results when social institutions fail?
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Social Disorganization Theory
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What did Shaw and McKay observe that happened to the crime rates as you moved further away from the cities core?
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decreased
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What concentric zone was characterized as having the lowest crime rates in Chicago?
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5, suburbs
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According to social disorganization theory communities that have a lot of population turnover or what is referred to as ____ tend to have higher crime rates.
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residential mobility
