Introduction to Psychology Laura A. King Ch 12 – Flashcards
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An individual's characteristic style of behaving, thinking. and feeling. A pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world.
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Personality
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a series of answers to a questionnaire that asks people to indicate the extent to which sets of statements or adjectives accurately describes their own behavior or mental state.
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Self-Report
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A well-researched, self-report,clinical questionnaire used to asses personality and psychological problems.
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Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory -MMPI
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a standard series of ambiguous stimuli designed to elicit unique responses that reveal inner aspects of an individual's personality
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Projective Techniques
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a projective personality test in which individual interpretations of the meaning of a set of unstructured inkblots are analyzed to identify a respondent's inner feelings and interpret his or her personality structure.
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Rorschach Inkblot Test
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A projective personality test in which respondents reveal underlying motives, concerns, and the way they see the social world through stories they make through ambiguous pictures of people
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Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
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A relatively stable disposition to behave in a particular and consistent way.
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Trait
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The trait of the five-factor model: O C E A N; openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, aggressiveness, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
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Big Five
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an approach that regards personality as formed by needs, striving, and desires, motives that can also produce emotional disorders; Frued-unconscious anything Psycho___
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Psychodynamic Approach
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An active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, the person's deepest instincts and desires, and the person's inner struggle to control these forces.
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Dynamic Unconscious
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the part of the mind containing the drives present at birth; totally unconscious, it is the source of our bodily needs, wants, desires, and impulses, particularly our sexual and aggressive drives. Pleasure Principle
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Id
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the psychic force that motivates the tendency to seek immediate gratification of any impulse
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Pleasure principles
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Consciousness, things we're aware of or paying attention to. Development through contact with the external world, that enables us to deal with life's practical demands; Reality Principle
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Ego
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the regulating mechanism that enables the individual to delay gratifying immediate needs and brings pleasure within the norms of society and the real world. Consciousness
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Reality principle
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the preconscious mental system that reflects the internalization of cultural rules; harsh inner judge or critic; your conscience; mainly learned as parents exercise their authority. Everything that can be brought into consciousness with little effort.
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SUPEREGO
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unconscious coping mechanisms that reduce anxiety generated by threats from unacceptable impulses by unconsciously distorting reality toward something that's morally & socially acceptable.
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Defense Mechanism
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finding reasonable explanations to unacceptable feelings or behaviors to conceal one's motives or feelings.
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Rationalization
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replacing threatening inner wishes and fantasies with exaggerated version of the opposite.
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Reaction Formation
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attributing one's own threatening feelings, motives and impulses to another person or group.
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Projection
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ego deals with internal conflicts and perceived threats by reverting to an immature behavior or earlier stage of development in age or a relationship.
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Regression
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shifting unacceptable wishes or drives to a neutral or less threatening alternative. E.g. a person, animal, thing; like kicking the dog after a tough day
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Displacement
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taking on characteristics of another person who seems more powerful or better able to cope
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Identification
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channeling unacceptable or aggressive drives into socially acceptable and culturally enhancing activities. E.g: an aggressive person resorts to sports.
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Sublimation
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5 stages in which children experience sexual pleasure, from specific body areas, and people redirect or interfere with those pleasures.
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Psychosexual Stages
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when a particular psycho-sexual stage colors an individual's adult personality/seeking drives become psychologically stuck
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Fixation
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1st stage-1st 18 months- mouth, chewing, biting and sucking reduce tension in the infant. Pleasures and frustrations, associate with mouth, nursing & being fed
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Oral Stage
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2nd stage- 18 months to 36 months-pleasure in going & holding & control over ones parents in deciding when to do either. Anus, retention, expulsion of feces and urine and toilet training
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Anal Stage
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3rd stage- 3 to 6 years-phallic, genital region, discovers self-stimulation is enjoyable - triggers Oedipus complex or penis envy in girls aka castration completed.
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Phallic Stage
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According to Freud, a boy's intense desire to replace his father and enjoy the affections of his mother. Conflict toward opposite sex parent, is (usually) resolved by identifying with same sex parent.
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Oedipus Conflict
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4th stage; 6 years to puberty. A psychic time out. No psycho-sexual developments occur. Further development of intellectual, creative, interpersonal, and athletic skills
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Latency Stage
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5th stage; adolescence to adulthood. Coming together of Adult personality, capacity for love, & work. Sexual pleasure shifts to someone outside the family.
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Genital Stage
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motive toward realizing our inner potential
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Self-Actualization Tendency
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attitude of nonjudgemental acceptance toward another person
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Unconditional Positive Regard
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a school of thought, which regards personality as governed by the individual's ongoing choices and decisions in the context of realities of the life and death.
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Existential Approach
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An approach that views personality in terms of how the person THINKS about situations encountered in daily life and how they BEHAVE in response to them.
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Social Cognitive Approach
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the question of whether behavior is caused more by personality or by situational factors
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Person-Situation Controversy
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Dimensions people use in making sense of their experience
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Personal Constructs
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a person's assumptions about the likely consequences of a future behavior
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Outcome Expectancies
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a person's tendency to perceive the control of rewards as internal to the self or external in the environment
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Locus of Control
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a person's explicit knowledge of his or her own behaviors, traits, and other personal characteristics
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Self- Concept
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the tendency to seek evidence to confirm the self concept
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Self-Verification
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the extent to which an individual likes, values, and accepts the self
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Self Esteem
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people's tendency to take credit for their success but downplay responsibilities for their failures
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Self-Serving Bias
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a trait that reflects a grandiose view of the self combined with a tendency to seek admiration from and exploit others
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Narcissism
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Developed the first feminist criticism of Freud's theory. Her Sociocultural approach emphasized women's positive qualities and self-evaluation. Need for security is prime motivator.
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Karen Horney
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Jung's term for emotionally laden ideas and images in the collective unconscious that have rich and symbolic meaning for all people. Predispositions to respond to the environment in particular ways.
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Archetypes
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Jung's term for the impersonal, deepest layer of the unconscious mind, shared by all human beings because of their common ancestral past.
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Collective Unconscious
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If Freddie's id was in charge when his boss told him that he was an incompetent fool, Freddie might
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Punch his boss in the face
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Which of the following is not an element of Carl Rogers' theory?
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Defense Mechanisims
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Karin works for a large firm that uses the MBTI to help supervisors learn more about their employees. Karin has been told she is an INTJ. This means that she
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Is introspective rather than extroverted
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What approach to personality assumes that human nature is basically good?
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Humanistic
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Which of the following is not a self-report test?
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TAT
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NEOPIR, MBTI & MMPI
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These are Self Report Tests
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________ theories stress the interaction of thought with social environments.
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Social cognitive
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Of all the "Big Five" personality traits, ________ is probably the most important in terms of health and longevity issues.
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Conscientiousness
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Dr. Crane is looking for a test that he can use to understand more about his clients' unconscious motivations. He could use a(n) ________ measure.
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Projective
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A person who is intellectual, imaginative, and has a broad range of interests would mostly likely score high on a measure of
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Openness