question

major spheres of social life, or societal subsystems, are organized to meet a basic human need. sociologists call these subsystems

answer

social institutions

question

claims and counterclaims about what should and should not be defined as a social problem is a good way of describing

answer

politics

question

an organized effort to encourage or discourage social change is called a

answer

social movement

question

which of the following concepts refers to the consequences of a social pattern that are intended and widely recognized

answer

manifest functions

question

which of the following terms refers to a point of view that shows us how society affects the experiences and choices if individuals

answer

sociological imagination

question

the study of how race, class, and gender often result in multiple dimensions of disadvantage is called

answer

intersection theory

question

in the united states, social welfare programs that provide government assistance of one type or another benefit

answer

most people

question

the richest 20 percent of the US population controls what percentage of all privately-owned wealth?

answer

89 percent

question

the richest 20 percent of US families earn

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almost as much as the remaining 80 percent of families combined

question

since about 1980, income inequality among US families has

answer

been increasing

question

which term refers to the trend by which women represent an increasing share of the US poor

answer

feminization of poverty

question

experts estimate that about how many people in the United States are homeless at some point during a year

answer

about 1.6 million

question

if you wanted to add up the total economic assets owned by a person or family, you would be measuring

answer

wealth

question

a _____ _____ is a condition that undermines the well-being of some or all members of society

answer

social problems

question

______ ______ is the process of convincing the public that a particular issue or situation should be defined as a social problem

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claims making

question

attempts to portray a movement as credible and compatible with existing beliefs of a movement's target audience is called ____

answer

framing

question

______ ______ are major spheres of social life organized to meet basic human needs

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social institutions

question

in 2012, for the first time, most children born in the united states

answer

were minorities

question

which of the following concepts refers to a shared cultural heritage

answer

ethnicity

question

according to the government, which of the following is this country's largest racial or ethnic minority

answer

hispanic americans

question

which of the following concepts refers to a socially constructed category of people who share biologically transmitted traits that a society defines as important

answer

race

question

which of the following patterns refers to a society in which people of all racial and ethnic categories live with roughly equal social standing

answer

pluralism

question

on average, african american families earn what percentage of the amount that white families earn

answer

57 percent

question

the remarkable racial and ethic diversity of the united states is, most of all, a product of

answer

immigration

question

because women do most of it, sociologist sometimes refer to housework as working women's

answer

second shift

question

which term refers to subtle discrimination that effectively blocks the movement of women into the highest positions in organizations

answer

glass ceiling

question

as of 2014, women in the united states earn what share of all bachelor's degrees

answer

57 percent

question

the symbolic-interaction approach provides what type of analysis of gender

answer

micro-level

question

in 1972, congress passed title IX, an amendment to the civil rights act, which

answer

banned discrimination on the basis of sex in any educational program receiving federal funding

question

social-conflict theories of gender

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focus on the gender inequalities by which men have had power over women

question

Naomi Wolf links which element of our culture to men having power over women

answer

out cultural ideas about beauty

question

who is deserving of help is a controversial question int he evaluation of _____ _____

answer

social policy

question

stratification produces _____ _____, categories of people who have similar access to resources and opportunities

answer

social classes

question

_____ is the best indicator of socio-economic status, but is hard to measure. instead, ______ is more often used in research

answer

wealth, income

question

the costs of being poor block many of the paths to upward _____

answer

mobility

question

maria and john each qualify for the same tax credits and deductions. after those deductions and credits, maria made $40,000 in taxable income and john made $75,000 in taxable income in 2016. under the united state's progressive tax system, which of the following most accurately describes the taxes each of them will owe on the first $37,650 of taxable income

answer

maria and john will owe equal amounts on the first $37,650 of taxable income

question

in "why are people so unequal in society?," joel charon argued that the primary reason for the emergence of inequalities is

answer

social structure

question

in "why are people so unequal in society?," joel charon argued that inequalities are perpetuated

answer

through socialization, social institutions, and culture

question

directly, or indirectly, ______ ______ _____ benefit almost everyone in the U.S.

answer

social welfare programs

question

______ is a broad definition of a person's social class based on components such as income, education, and occupation

answer

socio-economic status

question

in the united states, if you track income by age, you find that income typically peaks at about what age

answer

50

question

what percentage of the 62,000 centenarians in the united states (people aged 100 years or older) are women?

answer

82 percent

question

our society began to define elder abuse as a social problem in the

answer

1980s

question

in a study of declining neighborhood along the coast of southern California, Barbara Myerhoff found that, above all, elderly residents wanted to

answer

remain independent

question

which theoretical approach highlights the social construction of problems and solutions and involves considering how views lead to particular understandings of who or what is responsible for poverty

answer

symbolic interaction

question

education, tastes, cultural knowledge, and the ability to display sophistication (or lack thereof) in speech, manners, and other everyday acts which collectively confers status in eyes of others are elements of ______ ______

answer

cultural capital

question

the ____ _____ ____ (can be two or three words) describes the tendency to ascribe the reason for behavior to a person's disposition even when strong situational constraints can largely or entirely account for what they do

answer

fundamental attribution error

question

treating one group as normal (normative) or the default to which all are compared creating a standard and an other is ____

answer

othering

question

child abuse was defined as a social problem

answer

about 1960, largely based on the activism of Dr. C. Henry Kempe

question

there are four major justifications for punishment. which of the following is NOT one of these

answer

guilt reduction

question

groups acting to limit access to opportunities for other groups are practicing _____ _____

answer

social closure

question

while ____ is about attitudes, ______ is a matter actions

answer

prejudice, discrimination

question

in the replication of the "doll test" we watched videos about in class, which children in the sample seemed less likely to express negative perceptions of the drawing/dolls with darker skin?

answer

older children

question

______ is related to anatomical characteristics whereas ____ is more about behavior

answer

sex, gender

question

the global region with the highest number of cases of HIV is

answer

sub-Saharan Africa

question

today, a new chapter in the sexual revolution is evident among

answer

older people who want to remain sexually active as long as possible

question

sexual harassment legislation is concerned with not just with the offender's intent but also the effects of the offender's behavior. laws also ban any behavior that

answer

creates a hostile environment

question

sexual activity may involve human biology, sociologists focus on the fact that it is also guided by

answer

human culture

question

determining the extent of homosexuality in our population

answer

depends on exactly how we define the term "homosexuality"

question

the most clear evidence that gender is socially constructed is that

answer

gender differences vary across social settings or cultures, and times

question

in households headed by a man and a woman working equal numbers of hours outside the home for pay, the disproportionate amount of work that women tend to do at home after a full day of work is most commonly referred to as

answer

the second shift

question

the concept of "resting bitch face" can be connected most directly to

answer

the different social norms and expectations for appearance, personality traits, and interaction based on gender

question

_____ helped increase gender equality in education and the labor market as well as changing norms of sexual behavior

answer

birth control

question

____ is the idea that women are people

answer

feminism

question

people tend to ____ later during difficult or uncertain economic times

answer

retire

question

_____ are more likely to be caregivers to older people

answer

women

question

older americans have a high level of political clout due to high _____ participation

answer

voter

question

about what share of inmates in federal prisons are there for drug offenses

answer

half

question

of all prescription drugs, the most often abused are

answer

painkillers

question

which theoretical analysis points out that the social standing of drug users is related to how severely our society punishes illegal drug use

answer

social-conflict analysis

question

what policy would remove the current criminal penalties that punish the manufacturing, sale, and personal use of drugs

answer

decriminalization

question

in the united states, which of the following is, by far, the single greatest preventable cause of death

answer

cigarette smoking

question

_____ is the ability or right to have special access to opportunities or claims on rewards

answer

privilege

question

in the article "white privilege: Unpacking the invisible knapsack," Peggy McIntosh notes that she was not taught to see white privilege specifically the way she had been taught to recognize

answer

the disadvantages to those who face racism

question

in the portions of the documentary 13th that we watched in class, it was pointed out that ____ of criminal cases are settled through plea-bargaining

answer

97%

question

which is the least likely of all violent crimes to result in an arrest

answer

robbery

question

most mental disorders have

answer

many causes, both biological and social

question

in what category of disorders does the mind appear to affect the body

answer

psychosomatic

question

an illness that has a long-term development is called

answer

a chronic disease

question

about what percentage of adult population in the united states suffers from a mental illness at some point in their lives

answer

one-half

question

in societies with which type of economy does the government control most economic activity, including providing medical services and operating hospitals and clinics

answer

socialist economies

question

about what percentage of the U.S. population has no medical coverage

answer

15 percent

question

males account for 80% of arrests for ____ crime

answer

violent

question

one controversial part of hate crimes legislation is the emphasis placed on _____

answer

motivation

question

sanctions for both _____ (two words) crime and _____ (one word) crime are often light compared to property crime

answer

white collar, corporate

question

in comparison to other countries, the united states ranks number ____ in terms of larges share of the country's population imprisoned

answer

one

question

perceptions of specific drugs vary over time and from place to place based in part on views of perceived ____ and ______

answer

users, suppliers

question

reducing or removing criminal penalties that punish drug offenses is part of the process of _____

answer

decriminalization

question

which of the following terms refers to a physical or psychological craving for a drug

answer

addiction

question

which of the following reflects on of the ways that drugs relate to crime

answer

60% of those in prison for violent crime said they were "under the influence" when they committed the crime they were imprisoned for. 1/6 of inmates in state/local prisons and half of those in federal prisons are there for drug offenses more than 47,000 people in mexico have died from drug-related violence between 2006 and 2011

question

____ is a strong negative social level affects a person's self-concept and social identity

answer

a stigma

question

the killing of 26 people at sandy hook elementary school in 2012 is an example of

answer

mass murder

question

cultural norms define

answer

at what age sexual activity is acceptable, the importance of marital status to sexual activity, what is viewed as normative sexual activity

question

which of the following statements is most accurate regarding sexual orientation

answer

since definitions of homosexuality are inconsistent, the portion of the population considered homosexual is also inconsistent

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