Sociology of Deviant Behavior – Flashcards
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There are various norms that students are expected to follow (attend class, study regularly, etc). The collection of norms that convey societal expectations for students or any other social position are called:r
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Social Roles
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People are considered deviant...
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If they come to adopt social roles identified with deviance; if they engage in deviant acts; if they behave differently than most people; when they break the law
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Norms are standards about what human being should or should not think, say or do under given circumstances
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True
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When speaking of deviant events, we speak not only of a behavior, but also
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the context in which the behavior occurs
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Which of the following is necessary for understanding a deviant event?
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the history of an event, the immediate situation in which the event takes places, the consequences of the event, the rewards of the event
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_______ implies deliberate attempts to change behavior
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social control
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Paul scores a touchdown. He receives "high-fives: and various forms of verbal praise from his teammates. These reaction from teammates are examples of:
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positive informal sanctions
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The duties of _______ include the administration of controlling sanctions. They administer formal sanctions as part of their social role within an institution.
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agents of social control
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Informal santions can work especially effectively in which instance?
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where people spend time in continuing face-to-face contact
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A secondary deviant
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becomes committed to deviance and performing deviant roles
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No one is deviant all the time.
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True
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____ do not form deviant self-concepts, and tend not to identify with deviant roles.
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Primary deviants
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All of the following are true of deviant behavior except:
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deviant behavior always targets a victim
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Formal and informal sanctions always act independently of one another
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False
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Formal sanctions
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Law oriented and deal with crimes such as murder, theft, or violence
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Informal sanctions
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implements by public figures in power such as teachers, bosses or church representatives.
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Johnny is unemployed which mean that (at the moment) he cannot claim to hole an employed role. In this situation, being employed is a
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Proscribed Role
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The act of orienting on's own behavior to a set of expectations defined by a role is called:
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Role Playing
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Socialization
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is a process
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Labeling theorists argue that one can understand the concept of deviance only by:
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examining the reactions of others to behavior
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Jeffery has been labeled deviant by family, friends an the criminal justice system. He joins a deviant subculture and others see him in the deviant roles. Jeffery now has the social status of a deviant. Jeffery is exhibiting which kind of deviance?
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Secondary
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Control theorists believe that deviance results from the absence of social control or restraints.
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True
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These groups could conceivably label deviants
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Official agents of social control, society at large, the immediate group to which individuals belong, along with the significance others who supply cues about role preference
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The unconscious mind is a concept forwarded by:
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Psychoanalysts
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When an individual plays too many roles to fill all of them adequately, or unclear role prescriptions could understanding of what is expected, that individual is experienceing
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Role Strain
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The same basic processes produce social behavior for both deviants and non-deviants.
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True
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Which of the following is NOT one of the four components of a person's bond with society?
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Attachment CONTENTMENT Involvement Commitment
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The _______ theory argues that deviance results when a person learns definitions that portray some conduct as desirable, even though it is deviant:
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Differential association- reinforcement Somethings that you know is deviant and you do it anyways Ex. Drugs, prostitution
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Having an identity as a deviant requires more than engaging in deviant acts.
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True
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The biggest difference between Hirschi's orginal theory of social control and Hirschi and Gottfredson's theory is
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The addition of the concept of self-control
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Sutherland's differential association theory assumes that deviant dehavior is
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A result of a learning process and learned by those closest to us
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It is important to consider the perspective of the deviant when studying deviance.
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True
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Which of the following is an assumption of control theory?
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Humans are naturally egocentric and deviance is inherent.
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The role that other roles are organized around is a person's
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Master Role
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Different techniques for managing deviance and stigma
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Secrecy, Manipulation, Rationalization, Subcultures, and becoming nondeviant
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Certain crimes are considered bad in themselves, such as rape, murder, and robbery. The legal term for these crimes which are, "bad in themselves,: is
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Mala in se
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Which of the following variables best explains the root of most violence
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Differential power
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More than half of murder offenders and victims
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are acquaintances (friends, neighbors, causal acquaintances)
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_______ is a term that describes business merchandise losses from illegal activities as well as honest, unintentional mistakes
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Inventory shrinkage
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Juvenile deviance is easy to study because societal definitions are very clear on what constitutes and what the expectations should be of children.
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False
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Most juveniles cease (or stop) most deliquent and deviant behavior upon entering adulthood due to:
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Jobs/ careers, Marriage and Parenthood
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Occasional offenders
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Usually only act when a situation creates favorable conditions
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The U.S. imprisons more of it's citizens than any other country in the world
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True
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Which of the following is NOT a reason why rape victims may not report the crime to the police?
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Victims sometimes must deny implications that they consented by either resisting too weakly or by leading on their assailant, a victim often encounters a strong stigma, even within their own family, Rape victims often face embarrassing questioning by the police and prosecutors to verify details of crimes
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A criminal career includes which of the following roles?
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A commitment to crimes as a social role and charcteristics activity, identification with crime, progression in crime through the development of increasingly complex and sophisticated criminal techniques and attitudes
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Which of the following have been ruled unconstitutional:
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Mandatory life without parole for juveniles
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An application of physical foce with the intent to do severe bodily harm to settle a dispute is termed:
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Aggravated assault
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If something is considered wrong only because it is prohibited by law, lawyers often refer to this type of crime as:
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Mala prohibita
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Which month may you expect to see higher rates of homicide in the US?
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July
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Occastional offenders do not conceive themselves as criminals
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True
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Political crimes are
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Crimes against the government and Crimes by the government
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Some juvenile behavior is simply deviant and/or delinquent due to age such as:
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Drinking alcohol, Smoking Cigarettes, and ignoring parents' instruction
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Jean Kilbourne's lecture shown in class largely focused on:
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The influences on generated expectations in our society, The harms that social media can play in our society, Causes of violence against women
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Of the different types of criminals outlined in chapter 6, "professional" criminals have the highest social status and most effective skills
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True
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Some of the most important risk factors to consider when studying juvenile delinquents are:
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Family(attachment, structure, etc), Environment (Neighborhood, school, ect), Maturity (biological and social maturity, IQ, etc)
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Compared to occasional offenders, conventional offenders:
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are more likely to have been gang members during adolescence
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Kilbourne uses mostly ________ to explain her reasoning in her lecture which was shown in class.
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Advertisements
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from what we watched of the video in class on juveniles, we know that:
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juveniles are allowed to die in prison in the US
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Street crimes would fall into the category of
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common-law crime
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Rapes are more likely to be planned than homicides
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True
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Sometimes proving criminal intent, or _____, can be vary difficult with juveniles on their maturity level.
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Mens Rea
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Homicide is:
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the act of killing someone intentionally or unintentionally
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Married women can be raped by their husbands as marriage is not automatic consent to sex.
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True
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Most people will consider someone that takes medically prescribed drugs as a deviant over someone that takes drugs.
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False
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Compared to men, women are more likely to drink alcohol than take presciption medication to overcome stress.
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Flase
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Cocaine is a
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Stimulant
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Women have lower rates of problem drinking than men because
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...
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No deaths have ever been directly connected to which drug?
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Marijuana
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The first step in becoming addicted to most types of drugs is
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experimentation
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The level of public concern over drugs remain constant throughout history
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False
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If a patient elects to die under the Oregon Death with Dignity Act, a physician must inject the patient with a lethal drug and must witness the death.
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False
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The deviant character of using a particular drug depends on norms.
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True
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Which if the following would be considered a "social Drug"?
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Marijuana
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the video "shoulder to shoulder" shown in class was produced to
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Provide information and aid to those in the army and bring awareness about suicide
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Addiction to opiates such as herion come from:
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regular use
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Which amoung the following social categories contains the highest proportion of drinkers?
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High Income
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One theory of addiction argues that people become addicts when they fear the pain or discomfort associated with withdrawal, and they begin to play the social role of a drug addict. Which theorist developed this theory?
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Lindsmith
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Research on drug education programs have reported mixed results on the effectiveness of these programs.
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True
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Some drugs are considered "acceptable" while use of other drugs is considered socially "unacceptable." The social definitions of this usage largely depends on
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The characteristics/reputation of the person using the drug; The social context that the drug is being used; The type of drug being used
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It could be argued that most people are addicted to something whether it be legal or illegal drug or activity.
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True
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Current law in all states defines drunk driving as operating a car while one's BAC is
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0.08
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Drug use is
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considered a continous problem in the US
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Tolerance and openness toward sexual variation has not increased or decreased in the last few decades.
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False
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High alcoholism rates are culturally associated with
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Conflict or ambivalence about drinking; Delays in introducing children to alcohol in social and dietary contexts; drinking outside of mealtimes
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Those with a caffeine addiction are socially accepted at the same rate as those with a heroin addiction.
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True
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All of the following are associated with more alcohol consumption with the exception of
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Higher income Higher education Being a man BEING A WOMEN
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the Cypress cove resort discussed in clss would define nudity as
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acceptable
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Alcohol plays a large role in violent crime in the US
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True
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Which type of euthanasia is defined as "a doctor ends a patient's life, in the patient's perceived best interests, but without the patient's consent as he or she is not in a position to have, or to express, any views?"
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Non-voluntary euthanasia
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The largest single cause of death for people under the age of 34 years old is
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drinking and driving
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addiction is a fuzzy concept; however, is most simply seen as someone having a
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physical dependence on something
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Drinking alcohol is only deviant under the conditions that society defines it to be.
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True
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as of now President Obama is allowded to write condolence letters to families of military personnel who commit suicide as long as the suicide is
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in a combat zone
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Drinking behavior if often socially learned
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True
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It is difficult to get a true number of how many people struggle with alcoholism because
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alcoholism is not clearly defined and the stigma on alcoholism makes people less likely to report their behavior
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The biggest deciding factor for our class in what constituted an extramarital affair was physically of the behavior
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True
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Sexual norms vary by
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The relationship between the participants; the physical setting; the precise behaviors
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Which of the following is likely to have the most permissive or lenient attitudes about extramarital sex?
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More educated
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A prostitute is:
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A socially unclear term for a stigmatized individual who exchanges sexual relations for some predetermined "payment"
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All of the following are reasons why porn is more widely used now than in previous yearEXCEPT
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Legal sanction are becoming less severe for sex crimes
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The negative association between AIDS and the homosexual community can largely be blamed for"
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Delaying the resources, awareness, and research on AIDS
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People without partners are less likely to develop mental disorders such as bi-polar disorder than people with partners.
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False
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which if the following may contribute to the onset of a mental disorder?
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Loss of a spouse, injury, childbirth
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Normative standards of beauty and acceptable body size and shape are determined by:
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Culture, You, Me
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Lesbianism is often a direct result of women who have been wronged by men.
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False
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______ Is the process by which an individual becomes reorganized, as a person with a particular, socially undersirable characteristic.
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Stigmatization
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Acceptance towards homosexuality is increasing.
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true
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It is difficult to get an accurate estimate of people ith blindness due to
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Varying degrees of blindness; blindness must be determined by a doctor(not everyone goes to the doctor)
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Those in the lower class (men primarily) are more likely to experience a physical disability at some point in their lives due to several factors including?
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involvement in more physical labor
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In terms of beauty, women in the US have always been concerned about being overweight.
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False
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Which of the following is a management technique that someone with a disability may use?
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Passing, Dissociation
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Females are more accepting of homosexuality than males.
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True
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What was established to provide federal laws which would serve to protect americans with certain mental or physical disabilites against discrimination in employment, public accomodations, transportation, and telecommunications?
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Americans with Disabilities Act
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women face harsher stigma associated with being homosexual than males
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False
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"Passing: as a management technique for someone with a disability would be easier for which of the following?
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Someone with a less visible disability
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Social norms have an impact on what we define as "normal" and "abnormal" thus social norms ave an impact on how we define abnormalities psychologically.
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True
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Josh Blue has cerebral palsy and uses his career as a _______ to try and break down stereotypes associated with disability and handicaps.
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Comedian
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Someone (either a man or women) who dressed in clothing generally considered appropriate for the other gender for reason that indicate sexual satisfaction would be considered:
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A transvestite
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Subcultures for those with disabilites
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Institutionalize customs; support social needs for current members; facilitate the management of a deviant identity
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The high amount of social stigma that obese people receive today became common
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only recently
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Sarah has a damaged optic nerve, cannot see, and therefore cannot drive a car. Her ability to drive a car is an example of a(n):
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Handicap
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All practitioners agree to set definitions of mental health conditions
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False
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People with disabilities employ the same general processes of stigma management that serve:
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Criminal Offenders; Homosexual; survivors of unsuccessful suicide attempts
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.Community mental health programs were established in response to the ___________ movement.
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Deinstitutionalization
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The __________ definition of mental health relies on the indivisual judgement of a practitioner.
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Clincal
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People with physical disabilities no longer encounter isolation, segregation, and discrimination like they did in the past.
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False
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If a disabled person retreats from social confrontation and passively accepts a deviant role as a way to manage stigma, this management technique is called:
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Dissociation
