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is a system or an organization for exercising authority over a body of people

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government

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When those in government exercise power recognized by citizens as right and proper, they are exercising

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authority

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How do rules fit into the concept of "who gets what, and how?"

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Rules can be thought of as the how

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are the organizations where government power is exercised and where political struggle takes place.

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institutions

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The market controls economic decisions in a ________ economy.

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capitalist

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Government assurances that the rules will work smoothly and treat everyone fairly, with no promises of particular outcomes, are

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procedural guarantees

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Government assurances of particular outcomes or results are

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substantive guarantees

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A political system in which the state holds all power over the social order is

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an authoritarian government

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introduced the notion of a social contract

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John Locke

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Jus soli is the legal principle that defines citizenship as the right by

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the soil

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The legal process of acquiring citizenship for a person who was not born a U.S. citizen is known as

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naturalization

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A set of beliefs about politics, the economy, and society that helps people make sense of their world is called

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an ideology

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Those who believe that government should be strictly limited in all areas of life are called

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libertarians

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The key difference between pure capitalist economies and pure socialist economies is that

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the market controls economic conditions in capitalists economies, whereas politicians make economic conditions in socialists economies

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Many European countries follow the theory of _____, which is a hybrid system combining a capitalist economy and government that supports equality.

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social democracy

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What is the key difference between a citizen and a subject?

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citizens have rights as well as obligations, but subjects have only obligations

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According to the social contract, what is the source of government's legitimacy?

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citizen consent

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James Madison defended the creation of a republican form of government in the Constitution, for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

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he believed participatory democracy was the only moral form of government

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In authoritarian systems ______, whereas in nonauthoritarian systems ______.

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government makes substantive decisions about how people ought to live there lives; government merely guarantees that there are fair rules and leaves the rest to individual control

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Compared with the situation found in most countries, the range of the ideological spectrum in the United States is

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narrower because of our shared political culture

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Americans believe in equality of opportunity, which is a __________ concept of equality

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procedural

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Which of the following reflects the type of economic system found in the United States?

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regulated capitalism

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Power is defined in your text as

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the ability to get other people to do what you want

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Absolute power is exercised over every aspect of life in a(n) ______ government.

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totalitarian

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Most Americans acquire U.S. citizenship by

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birth

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John Locke

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The Declaration of Independence reflects the political philosophy of

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political document

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The Declaration of Independence was first and foremost a(n)

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the argument that monarchy is illegitimate.

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To justify the revolution to the colonists, Thomas Jefferson included in the Declaration of Independence all of the following EXCEPT

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the frustration of debtors in the wake of the Revolutionary War.

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Shays's Rebellion demonstrated

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the most educated, powerful, and wealthy citizens of the new country.

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The delegates to the Constitutional Convention were

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as a compromise between those who wanted a strong central government and those who wanted to retain strong state governments.

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The founders adopted a federal system

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James Madison

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The delegate to the Constitutional Convention who had the greatest impact on the document was

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New Jersey

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The _____ Plan proposed equal representation for all states in the legislature

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established a legislature with equal state representation in the Senate and representation by state population in the House.

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The Great Compromise

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legislative, executive, and judicial powers are handled by separate institutions.

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In the United States

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necessary and proper

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The Supreme Court has interpreted the ______ clause of the Constitution so broadly that there are very few restrictions on what Congress can do.

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no faction will be a majority, which means that no faction will be able to get its way

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According to James Madison, factions are best controlled by the creation of a large republic because

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factions

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In Federalist No. 10, James Madison warned against the dangers of

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creates the Supreme Court but allows Congress to establish lower courts

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Article III of the Constitution

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it does not control the military or the budget of the nation

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In Federalist No. 78, Hamilton argued that the judiciary would be the least threatening branch of government because

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separation of powers

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The constitutional safeguard that places legislative, executive, and judicial powers in different hands is called

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each slave would count as three‐fifths of a person for purposes of representation.

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Under the three‐fifths compromise

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increase the power of the national government.

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The central goal of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention was to

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led to the calling of the Constitutional Convention.

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Shays's Rebellion was significant because it

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without them the states might not have ratified the Constitution.

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The significance of the Federalist Papers is that

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Article III is silent on the matter.

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The Supreme Court was able to develop its role as interpreter of the Constitution because

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took more from the Virginia Plan than from the New Jersey Plan.

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In drafting the Constitution the founders

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was designed to allow growth and change but not to be too easy.

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The amendment process for the Constitution

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the people

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During the period of time during which the United States was governed by the Articles of Confederation, elites came to fear tyranny by

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Jefferson was trying to gain the support of those who had little property to protect.

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The authors of your text suggest that Thomas Jefferson might have changed John Locke's argument for government to protect property to protection of "the pursuit of happiness" because

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balance of power between the federal and state governments.

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A major debate between the Federalists and Anti‐Federalists concerned the

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redefining the purpose of American government.

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The New Deal increased the scope of both national and state powers by

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listed in Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution.

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The enumerated powers are

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Congress has the power to pass laws that are necessary and proper for the carrying out of its other powers.

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The necessary and proper clause of the U.S. Constitution states that

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the Constitution is the supreme law of the land.

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The supremacy clause of the U.S. Constitution states that

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levy import or export taxes on goods

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Both the states and the national government may exercise all of the following powers EXCEPT

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dual federalism

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The theory that defines the state and national governments as essentially separate from each other and carrying out independent functions is

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unitary

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A ______ system is one in which the central government ultimately has all of the power.

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confederal

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A ______ system is one in which the local units hold all of the power, and the central government is dependent on them for its existence.

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McCulloch v. Maryland and Gibbons v. Ogden.

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The U.S. Supreme Court affected the relationship between the national and state governments in its rulings in

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New York did not have the right to create a steamboat monopoly on the Hudson River.

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In Gibbons v. Ogden, the Supreme Court ruled that

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interpreting the "necessary and proper" clause of the Constitution very broadly.

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McCulloch v. Maryland increased the power of the federal government by

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commerce clause of the Constitution very broadly

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Gibbons v. Ogden increased the power of the national government by interpreting the

question

were unconstitutional

answer

In the early years of the New Deal, the Supreme Court ruled that many New Deal programs

question

block grants

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Federal funds provided to states for a broad purpose and unrestricted by detailed requirements are called

question

unfunded mandates

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Federal orders that require states to operate and pay for programs created at the national level are called

question

ability of the national government to use its funding authority to achieve indirectly what it cannot achieve directly

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The fact that the federal government was able to get the states to adopt a uniform drinking age is an example of the

question

the balance between state and national powers has shifted considerably since 1787

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Although the Constitution provides for both national and state powers,

question

heightened expectations and demands placed on the federal government.

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One reason for the growth of the national government's power and influence has been

question

the power of the national government

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The rulings of the Supreme Court under John Marshall contributed to enhancement of

question

Printz v. United States

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One case in which the Supreme Court ruled that the federal government had overstepped its boundaries is

question

states have become financially dependent on this aid

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The federal government has been able to use categorical grants to coerce states into doing what it wants most of the time because

question

showed the founders' commitment to creating a strong national government.

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The enumerated powers are important because they

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business and the economy

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The New Deal increased the power of the federal government in regard to

question

strike down racial segregation in the states

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The Supreme Court has interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment to

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under which specific persons or groups are detained and sentenced without trial

answer

Bills of attainder are laws

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habeas corpus

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The right of an accused to be brought before a judge and informed of the charges and evidence against him or her is known as

question

in 1897

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The Supreme Court began the process of applying the Bill of Rights to the states

question

the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution

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The source of authority cited by the Supreme Court for applying the Bill of Rights to the states is

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Selective incorporation

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_____ describes the process of applying the Bill of Rights to the states on a case‐by‐case basis.

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that government will not create and support an official state church.

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The establishment clause guarantees

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violates the establishment clause

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According to the Supreme Court, the saying of prayers in public schools

question

there shall be no excessive entanglement of government and religion.

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The Lemon test established that

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It is good for economic development

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Which of the following is NOT offered by the textbook as a reason that free speech is valuable?

question

made it harder for the government to suppress speech.

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In attempting to decide when speech can be prohibited, the Supreme Court has

question

political correctness

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The idea that language shapes behavior and, therefore, should be regulated to control its social effects is known as

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prior restraint is permissible only in rare cases of extreme emergency.

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In the landmark case of Near v. Minnesota, the Supreme Court established the rule that

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libel

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Written defamation of character is known as

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generally permitted press access to most stages of the legal proceedings.

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In the conflict between media access to a trial and a defendant's right to a fair trial, the Supreme Court has

question

establishes an individual right to bear arms.

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In 2008 and 2010 the Supreme Court ruled that the Second Amendment

question

can search a car without a warrant if they have probable cause to believe a crime was committed.

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Under the Fourth Amendment, police officers seeking to conduct a search

question

evidence seized in violation of a defendant's constitutional rights cannot be used to obtain a conviction.

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The exclusionary rule is the Supreme Court rule that states that

question

police have to advise people of their constitutional rights prior to questioning.

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Miranda v. Arizona held that

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is a matter for individuals to decide for themselves.

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The Supreme Court has ruled that the right to refuse medical life‐support

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that civil rights involve government action to secure rights of citizenship while civil liberties involve individual freedoms that limit the power of government.

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The difference between civil rights and civil liberties is

question

social contract

answer

John Locke's theory of the _____ was based on the notion that people would agree to give up some rights in exchange for the greater common good.

question

the whole area is so subjective that wide disagreement exists.

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It is difficult for the Supreme Court to determine the exact meaning of obscenity because

question

incorporated the Sixth Amendment's guarantee of the right to counsel.

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In the Gideon v. Wainwright ruling, the Supreme Court

question

opened the door for a variety of claims regarding the right to privacy.

answer

The Supreme Court's ruling in Griswold v. Connecticut is significant because it

question

serves as a protection against police abuse of power.

answer

The exclusionary rule is an important aspect of due process because it

question

demonstrated that women and African Americans can be serious contenders for the presidency.

answer

The 2008 presidential election was important because it

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Suspect classifications

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_____ require that the government have a compelling state interest for treating people differently.

question

Fourteenth

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In an attempt to make the black codes unconstitutional, the _________ amendment was passed, which stated, in part, that no state could deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of the law, or deny any person equal protection of the law.

question

segregated schools were inherently unequal because the very fact of segregation made blacks feel unequal.

answer

In Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled unanimously that

question

poll

answer

The tax levied as a requirement for voting was the _____ tax.

question

were placed in detainment camps for national security purposes.

answer

During World War II, Japanese Americans

question

restricted rights of African Americans even after the passage of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.

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Jim Crow laws were significant because they

question

authorize the segregation of whites and blacks

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The impact of the Plessy v. Ferguson decision was to

question

de jure discrimination; de facto discrimination

answer

The civil rights movement of the 1950s‐1960s was most successful in eliminating ______, but was far less successful in eliminating ______.

question

Sodomy laws are unconstitutional

answer

Which of the following has the Supreme Court ruled regarding gay and lesbian rights?

question

passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the Twenty‐fourth Amendment to the Constitution.

answer

The legal methods used to deny African Americans the right to vote, such as literacy tests and poll taxes, were overcome by

question

De jure

answer

_____ discrimination arises from or is supported by law.

question

birth of the women's rights movement

answer

The 1848 Convention in Seneca Falls, New York, signified the

question

Fulfilling quotas of minorities in school admissions

answer

Which of the following is NOT constitutional?

question

inequality still pervades the American system.

answer

Social and economic statistics tend to show that

question

Native Americans have achieved new financial prosperity by parlaying their status as semi‐sovereign nations.

answer

One effect of casino gambling on reservations is that

question

served as a catalyst for the civil rights movement

answer

The major impact of the Brown v. Board of Education decision was that it

question

many of the required changes in physical accommodations are extremely expensive to install.

answer

The Americans with Disabilities Act was controversial because

question

racial profiling is unconstitutional

answer

The Supreme Court ruled in 2003 that

question

A policy of creating opportunities for members of certain groups as a substantive remedy for past discrimination

answer

What is the definition of affirmative action?

question

maintain power and the status quo

answer

During the Reconstruction period, southerners sought to

question

A heightened standard of review used by the Supreme Court to assess the constitutionality of laws that treat individuals differently based on race

answer

What is the definition of strict scrutiny?

question

nineteenth

answer

The ______ Amendment gives women the right to vote.

question

When can the law treat people differently?

answer

The concepts of strict scrutiny and suspect classification are used by the Supreme Court to answer what question?

question

discrimination remains in the workplace and women are underrepresented in many areas of employment.

answer

While women have achieved a level of formal equality,

question

the people in a district who are served by a representative.

answer

The term "constituency" refers to

question

assist people in dealing with the bureaucracy

answer

Casework (or constituency service)

question

their power in the legislative process

answer

The major differences between the House and the Senate include all of the following EXCEPT

question

The power to veto acts of the president

answer

Which of the following is NOT among the congressional checks and balances in relation to the executive branch?

question

originate in the house

answer

Budget bills must

question

Senate

answer

The job of confirming presidential appointments belongs to the

question

reappointment

answer

The reallocation of congressional seats among the states every ten years, following the census, is known as

question

Is currently set at 435 members

answer

The number of representatives with voting privileges in the House of Representatives

question

redistricting

answer

The process of redrawing congressional districts to match population shifts in states with more than one representative is called

question

gerrymandering

answer

Redrawing congressional district boundaries to favor a particular group or party is known as

question

incumbent is not running

answer

An open seat is one for which a(n)

question

It has decreased in importance due to declining party ties.

answer

According to the textbook, what has happened to the coattail effect in recent years?

question

lawyers and businesspeople

answer

What former occupations are most common among members of Congress?

question

Parties

answer

_______ are important in Congress because they organize the chambers.

question

increase congressional power by allowing detailed analysis and modification of legislation.

answer

The greatest importance of standing committees is that they

question

The House Rules Committee

answer

Which of the following is the extremely powerful congressional committee that determines when debate on a bill will take place?

question

select

answer

A _______ committee is appointed to deal with an issue or a problem before Congress that does not fall within any standing committee's scope.

question

a conference committee is formed to bridge the gap between the bills.

answer

When different versions of the same bill pass in the House and the Senate,

question

attempts to end a Senate filibuster

answer

Cloture is a vote that

question

party affiliation

answer

The most important factor in determining a member of Congress's vote is his or her

question

the House impeaches and the Senate puts the president on trial and removes the president from office.

answer

During the constitutional process of removing a president from office,

question

Both houses of Congress must override the veto by a two‐thirds majority vote in both chambers.

answer

What must Congress do for a bill to become law after a president has vetoed it?

question

within congressional standing committees.

answer

Most of the hard work of considering legislative alternatives and drafting legislation occurs

question

hold all the leadership positions, including committee chairs.

answer

Members of the majority party in Congress have an important advantage because they

question

die by inaction at the committee stage.

answer

Most bills introduced in Congress usually

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