Sociology 1101 Lessons 1-4
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A paradigm can be defined as: a) The consequences of a social process that are sought or anticipated b) Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them. c) Social patterns that have undesirable consequences for the operation of society d) The social ties that bind a group of people together such as kinship, shared location, and religion
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b) Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them.
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Verstehen is defined by the text as: a) To maintain a moral conscience. b) To require proof of interpretation. c) To compare and contrast social facts. d) To understand in a deep way.
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d) To understand in a deep way.
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Qualitative sociology can be defined as: a) In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data. b) Door to door sales pitches, cold calls, and press conferences. c) Statistical methods such as surveys with large numbers of participants. d) Virtual interactivity, online polls, and online gaming.
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a) In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data.
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Jeremy wrote an essay criticizing the college admissions process, arguing that heavy competition and limited educational resources make admission difficult for the average student. Which perspective would Jeremy's argument fall under? a) Structural Functionalism b) Symbolic Interactionism c) Behaviorism d) Conflict Theory
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d) Conflict Theory
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Eleanor is researching the effect social media has on worldwide political awareness and revolution. Felix is examining the effect World of Warcraft has on the romantic relationships of middle-aged men in his metro area. Eleanor's analysis is _____, while Felix's analysis is _____. a) They are both macro-level. b) They are both micro-level. c) Micro-level; macro-level d) Macro-level; micro-level
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d) Macro-level; micro-level
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What approach is often used to understand what's defined as deviant within a society? a) Symbolic interactionism b) Antipositivism c) Criticism d) Constructivism
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d) Constructivism
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Weber's proposal of antipositivism influenced sociological researchers to ______ while examining different social worlds. a) Manipulate test subjects into answering difficult questions b) Methodically predict situational outcomes c) Reject antiquated notions of privacy and consent d) Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms
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d) Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms
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According to Durkheim, which of the following is NOT a social fact? a) A religious belief b) A law c) A custom d) All of the above are social facts
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d) All of the above are social facts
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____ believed that societies grew and changed as a result of the struggles of different social classes over the means of production and greatly favored ____. a) Comte; Antipositivism b) Durkheim; Communism c) Karl Marx; Communism d) Max Weber; Positivism
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c) Karl Marx; Communism
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Which of the following men coined the term positivisim, and is widely considered the father of sociology? a) Karl Marx b) Auguste Comte c) Max Weber d) Émile Durkheim
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b) Auguste Comte
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Kyle is collecting newspaper clippings from his grandfather about the American public's perception of World War II. This is an example of ______. a) Primary data b) Interactive data c) Secondary data d) Tertiary data
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c) Secondary data
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Quincia is studying how of the lack of comprehensive sex education is affecting a small, rural town in North Dakota. She spends two months in the town, observing and interviewing the townspeople. Quincia is conducting a(n) a) Case study b) Experiment c) Ethnography d) Secondary data analysis
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c) Ethnography
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Kendra is researching the effects of vitamin C on test-taking ability. Before the exam, Kendra gives group A orange juice, and group B water. Vitamin C is the ______. a) Control group b) Experimental group c) Independent variable d) Dependent variable
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c) Independent variable
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Which of the following is not a step in the scientific method? a) Receive corroboration from the field b) Research existing sources c) Report results d) Formulate a hypothesis
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a) Receive corroboration from the field
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In order to better understand the sorority pledging process at her university for her sociology thesis, Carmen pledges with a popular sorority. This is an example of _____. a) Literature review b) Dependent variables c) Secondary data analysis d) Participant observation
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d) Participant observation
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Which of the following is NOT an example of a sociological hypothesis? a) The more CDs Jamilla buys, the less money she has in her bank account b) The longer an inmate spends in prison, the more difficult it is for him to adapt to the outside world. c) The more positive reinforcement a parent gives a child, the better they do in school. d) The more study halls students are given during the school day, the worse they perform on their tests.
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a) The more CDs Jamilla buys, the less money she has in her bank account
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Which of the following is an example of nonreactive research? a) Interviewing heroin addicts and providing them with clean needles b) Educating classrooms on the necessities of safe sex c) Gathering data from government studies d) Volunteering at a local food bank and interacting with homeless persons
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c) Gathering data from government studies
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Miguel is doing a research paper on New York City's Stone Wall riots of 1969. He visits the scene of the riots, interviews people who were there, reads the police reports of the event, and watches video footage. Miguel is conducting a(n) ______. a) Experiment b) Overview c) Case study d) Data analysis
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c) Case study
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The term value neutrality is defined by the text as: a) A systematic approach to record and value information gleaned from secondary data as it relates to the study at hand. b) A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results. c) The study of evolving ethics and morals in relation to sociological research. d) A study's participants being randomly selected to serve as a representation of a larger population.
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b) A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results.
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Thomas wants to better understand the trends in literacy rates in Baltimore city over the past 50 years using Baltimore city data. What type of research should Thomas conduct? a) An experiment b) Secondary data analysis c) Field research d) A survey
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b) Secondary data analysis
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The term values can be defined as: a) The tenets or convictions that people hold to be true. b) A culture's standard for discerning what's good and just in society. c) Scripture found within the Bible. d) Federal laws and regulations.
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b) A culture's standard for discerning what's good and just in society.
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Xenocentrism is: a) The opposite of cultural relativism b) The opposite of cultural universalism c) The same as cultural imperitivism d) The opposite of ethnocentrism
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d) The opposite of ethnocentrism
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Which of the following is an example of cultural relativism? a) Ingrid becoming upset over the course language used in the Australian Outback. b) Andy marrying a woman who does not practice his religion, though his parents disprove. c) Joseph protesting the Running of the Bulls while visiting Pamplona. d) Helena putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying.
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d) Helena putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying.
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What group defines themselves through a rejection of the mainstream: a) Beatniks b) Hippies c) Hipsters d) Hepcats
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c) Hipsters
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Which of the following is an example of a counterculture? a) The disco invasion of the 1970's b) The Kardashian obsession of the 2010's c) The yuppie craze of the 1980's d) The hippie movement of the 1960's
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d) The hippie movement of the 1960's
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Society and culture _____. a) Are unrelated b) Could not exist together c) Are the same thing d) Could not exist without each other
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d) Could not exist without each other
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Elise travels across Thailand with her friends and, to her surprise, finds the country quite unlike the United States. \"I hate the food,\" she tells her family at home. \"I hate the language, I hate the weird customs and awful music. America is clearly the best place to be.\" This is an example of _______. a) Paradigms b) Ethnocentrism c) Moral relativism d) Xenocentrism
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b) Ethnocentrism
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In the early 2000's, The L Word and Queer as Folk debuted on Showtime. Both shows depicted the lives of members of the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) community, thus giving viewers a glimpse into a a) Social relativism b) Subculture c) More d) Formal Sanction
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b) subculture
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The term language can be defined as: a) A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted. b) Communication grounded in ideals, norms, and values. c) The exchange of gestures and signals for the purpose of reaching a consensus. d) Gestures, signs, objects, signals, and words that help people understand the world
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a) A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted.
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Janet is visiting her childhood friend in the Hamptons. Janet wears ripped jeans and Chuck Taylors to an infamous \"White\" party. The majority of party-goers refuse to socialize with her. Janet is experiencing a form of ____. a) Xenocentricism b) Formal sanction c) Ethnocentricity d) Social control
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d) Social Control
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Erik Erikson's theory explains: a) Why Rhesus Monkeys preferred terry cloth maternal stand-ins versus the maternal stand-ins that provided food. b) How human sexual desire is linked to the development of a personality. c) When human moral development begins in an individual. d) How the actions of society help shape personalities throughout the eight basic stages of life.
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d) How the actions of society help shape personalities throughout the eight basic stages of life.
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During her first day of kindergarten, Marie does not understand how the lunch line in the cafeteria works. She hesitates and watches as the older kids pick up their trays and silverware and then get in line. She follows their lead and successfully buys herself lunch. Marie's experience in the lunchroom is an example of _____. a) Anticipatory socialization b) Socialization c) The looking glass self d) Resocialization
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b) Socialization
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Parents often socialize their children to: a) Understand and follow the same norms that they themselves follow b) Ignore society and live alone without much interaction with other people c) Understand and follow different norms from what they themselves follow d) Ignore society and create their own norms and follow them regardless of consequences
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a) Understand and follow the same norms that they themselves follow
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Émile Durkheim's much lauded study of suicide is important to the field of sociology in many ways. One of the most influential impacts was: a) It allowed psychology and sociology to merge into one field. b) It showed the psychological reasons for suicide to be a lie. c) It defined the differences between sociology and psychology d) It earned Émile Durkheim the title \"Father of Sociology\" so that other sociologists would have a role model.
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c) It defined the differences between sociology and psychology
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Sumaira is scared that she will not find a job in the current economy. She decides to be a business major and attend one of the top business schools in the country. Upon graduation, she is hired by a major investment banking firm in New York. Sumaira has completed: a) Developing her sense of morality. b) A degradation ceremony. c) Anticipatory socialization. d) Developing her sense of self.
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c) Anticipatory socialization
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Sherry is in her mid-eighties and is moving to a nursing home. She is used to getting up at 5 o'clock each morning and making breakfast for herself. Her new roommate likes to sleep until 7 o'clock and breakfast is not served at the nursing home until 8 o'clock. What is Sherry most likely to experience through this transition? a) A shift in her desire to enjoy life. b) A shift in her reading habits. c) Resocialization. d) A complete and permanent loss of herself.
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c) Resocialization.
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Joseph and Paula are excited to welcome their child into the world. They cannot wait to pass on all their knowledge, insight, and rich culture. Just as their parents gave them guidance and showed them how to live, Joseph and Paula will continue the chain by handing down their societal values and thus, sustain the society they love so much. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit? a) Feminist Theory b) Structural Functionalism c) Symbolic Interactionism d) Conflict
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b) Structural Functionalism
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Some sociologists have pointed out that gender roles are often determined by how a society socializes young boys and girls. Which of the following is an example of socializing a child into a gender role? a) Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with. b) Allowing Joey to sleep with his \"blankey.\" c) Letting Kim wear pants to school. d) Taking Jimmy to the aquarium.
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a) Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with.
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Katrina, age 5, and Sharon, age 4, love to play together while their mothers chat. Katrina has a toy iron and washing machine. She and Sharon spend hours \"washing\" and \"ironing\" her baby doll's clothes, just like they see their mothers do. Which of George Herbert Mead's stages of development are Katrina and Sharon exemplifying? a) The \"generalized other\" stage b) The preparatory stage c) The game stage d) The play stage
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d) The play stage
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Baby Marla is always well dressed. She has ribbons, bows, and frills all over her dresses and even in her hair. Her mother, who is worried that people might mistake Marla for a little boy, is determined to communicate to the world that she has a baby girl. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit? a) Conflict b) Structural Functionalism c) Symbolic Interactionism d) Exchange Theory
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c) Symbolic Functionalism
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Which of the following is NOT an example of new media? a) Barnes and Noble b) Twitter c) The Kindle d) Facebook
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a) Barnes and Noble
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The term media globalization can be defined as: a) The cross-cultural development and exchange of computer hardware. b) The governmental sanction allowing worldwide access to media education. c) The inability of geographically rural areas to access new media. d) The worldwide integration of media through the cross-cultural exchange of ideas.
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d) The worldwide integration of media through the cross-cultural exchange of ideas.
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How has advertising revenue significantly changed in the past few years? a) Magazine revenue has risen steadily, while online and newspaper revenue have fallen dramatically. b) Online advertising revenue has fallen slightly, while newspaper advertising revenue has increased greatly. c) Cable and online revenue have remained greatly unchanged, while newspaper and magazine advertising revenue have fallen greatly. d) Newspaper advertising revenue has greatly increased, while online advertising revenue has fallen.
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c) Cable and online revenue have remained greatly unchanged, while newspaper and magazine advertising revenue have fallen greatly.
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From the functionalist perspective, which of the following is a function of social media? a) Life changing function b) Social norm function c) Entertainment function d) All of the above
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d) All of the above
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The debate about net neutrality consists of two main sides. Which of the following is one of those sides? a) Companies should invest in making improvements to their Internet service or expanding those services to underserved areas. b) Those who provide Internet service should be treated as common carriers, legally prohibited from discriminating based on the customer or nature of the goods. c) People should pay Internet providers a premium for faster service, since you pay for what you get. d) Designating those who provide Internet service as common carriers would constitute a reasonable regulatory burden.
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b) Those who provide Internet service should be treated as common carriers, legally prohibited from discriminating based on the customer or nature of the goods.
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The term panoptic surveillance is defined in the text as: a) A form of constant monitoring in which the observation posts are decentralized and the observed is never communicated with directly b) A network of neighborhood spies who go through local mailboxes and listen in on phone lines c) When people are too overwhelmed with media input to really care about the issue, so their involvement becomes defined by awareness instead of by action about the issue at hand d) An online invasion of spyware which track when controversial political beliefs are being expressed
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a) A form of constant monitoring in which the observation posts are decentralized and the observed is never communicated with directly
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Last week, a major politician was caught in a political scandal. The story was featured on the front page of the New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, CNN.com, and was the lead story on NBC, ABC, and CBS nightly news. This is referred to as: a) Telecommunication b) Illiteration c) Homogenization d) Fragmentation
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c) Homogenization
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Caleb attended a private high school, which gave each student access to a personal laptop and iPhone. Ted attended a poorly funded public school, which had few computers and outdated technology. When Caleb gets to college, he's more prepared than Ted for coursework which includes computer and online material. This occurrence is an example of: a) Technological pause b) Digital divide c) Computer lag d) New media
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d) Digital Divide
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After the floppy disk was introduced, zip drives were invented shortly after, followed quickly by flash drives. This is an example of: a) Stolen technology b) Digital divide c) Design patent d) Evolutionary model of technological change
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d) Evolutionary model of technological change
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Which theorist would be most interested in who controls the media, and the ways in which the dominant race and class minimizes the media presence of the lower classes and other races? a) A symbolic interactionist b) A functionalist c) A conflict theorist d) A cyberfeminist
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c) A conflict theorist
