Question 1

An infant\'s temperament refers most directly to its:

Accepted Answer

emotional excitability

Question 2

The social roles assigned to women and men:

Accepted Answer

differ widely across cultures

Question 3

Chromosomes are contained within:   A) brain cells  B) sperm cells  C) bone cells  D) blood cells  E) all of the above

Accepted Answer

all of the above

Question 4

A child\'s temperament is likely to be:

Accepted Answer

stable over time

Question 5

Twin studies suggest that Alzheimer\'s disease is influenced by:

Accepted Answer

heredity

Question 6

Those who suggest that our choices today shape tomorrow\'s possibilities are emphasizing the importance of:

Accepted Answer

human responsibility

Question 7

The enduring traditions, ideas, attitudes, and behaviors shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next define their:

Accepted Answer

culture

Question 8

The personalities of adopted children:

Accepted Answer

are not very similar to the personalities of their adoptive parents

Question 9

Social learning theorists emphasize that:

Accepted Answer

observation and imitation play a crucial role in the gender-typing process

Question 10

Children\'s tendency to classify behavior and personality traits in terms of masculine and feminine categories is of most direct relevance to:

Accepted Answer

gender schema theory

Question 11

Two individuals are most likely to share similar personality traits if they are _________ twins who were reared ________.

Accepted Answer

identical; together

Question 12

For children from impoverished environments, stimulating educational experiences during childhood are most likely to:

Accepted Answer

prevent the degeneration of activated connections between neurons

Question 13

Prenatal testosterone secretions exert one of their earliest influences on:

Accepted Answer

brain organization

Question 14

Research most clearly suggests that personality traits are more strongly influenced by ____ than by ________________.

Accepted Answer

genes; home environment

Question 15

Who are likely to show the greatest similarity in temperament?

Accepted Answer

Ruth and Ramona, identical twins

Question 16

A human sperm cell contains

Accepted Answer

23 chromosomes

Question 17

In order to prevent teens from smoking, intervention programs for youth should first pay attention to the importance of ____ _________ on teen smoking habits.

Accepted Answer

peer influence

Question 18

Gender role refers to:

Accepted Answer

the set of expected behaviors for males and females

Question 19

Pat is normally very restless and fidgety, whereas Shelly is usually quiet and easygoing. The two children most clearly differ in:

Accepted Answer

temperament

Question 20

Brittla is obsessed with her appearance and spends a lot of time and money on cosmetics and weight-loss programs. According to evolutionary psychologists, Brittla\'s behavior is a product of:

Accepted Answer

genetic predispositions

Question 21

The unique temperament of children evoke predictable responses from their caregivers. This best illustrates the ___________ of nature and nurture.

Accepted Answer

interaction

Question 22

Critics of evolutionary psychology are most likely to suggest that it:

Accepted Answer

inhibits progressive efforts to change common social practices.

Question 23

A behavior geneticist would be most interested in studying hereditary influences on:

Accepted Answer

personality traits

Question 24

Cross-cultureal research on human development indicates that:

Accepted Answer

person-to-person differences within cultural groups are larger than differences between groups.

Question 25

A cluster of behaviors expected by those who occupy a particular social position is a:

Accepted Answer

role

Question 26

Evolutionary psychologists would be least likely to predict that:

Accepted Answer

a woman would engage in casual sex with many male partners

Question 27

Compared with today\'s North American parents, many Asian and African parents are more likely to encourage their children to value:

Accepted Answer

social harmony

Question 28

Compared with Asian parents, North American parents today place ____ emphasis on obedience and ____ emphasis on family loyalty.

Accepted Answer

less; less

Question 29

An evolutionary psychologist would suggest that people are genetically predisposed to:   A) fear dangerous animals  B) love their own children  C) seek healthy-looking mates  D) do all of the above

Accepted Answer

do all of the above

Question 30

If a genetically based attraction to beautiful people contributes to survival, that trait will likely be passed onto subsequent generations. This best illustrates:

Accepted Answer

natural selection

Question 31

Professor Assad suggested that a cautious attitude toward sexual encounters has been proven to be more reproductively advantageous to women than to men because the reproduction process is more time-consuming for women than for men. This suggestion best illustrates the logic of a(n) ____________ theory of sexual behavior.

Accepted Answer

evolutionary

Question 32

Mr. Eskenzai frowns when his son cries, but hugs his daughter when she cries. Mr. Eskenazi\'s contribution to the gender-typing of his children would most likely be highlighted by:

Accepted Answer

social learning

Question 33

Female children have been observed to dress and play in ways more typical of males if they were exposed to excess ____________ during their prenatal development.

Accepted Answer

testosterone

Question 34

Compared to identical twins, fraternal twins are ____ similar in neuroticism and ____ similar in attitudes toward organized religion.

Accepted Answer

more; more

Question 35

Identical twins are most likely to share a similar prenatal environment if they share the same:

Accepted Answer

placenta

Question 36

Frans avoids talking with food in his mouth because other people think is is crude and inappropriate. This best illustrates the impact of:

Accepted Answer

norms

Question 37

Dante is healthier than his twin brother because he developed with a better placental barrier against viruses. This best illustrates the impact of _____ ___________

Accepted Answer

early environment

Question 38

Compared to fraternal twins, identical twins are much more similar in

Accepted Answer

all of the above

Question 39

Identical twins originate from the fertilization of _ ______ egg cell(s) by _ ______ sperm cell(s).

Accepted Answer

a single; a single

Question 40

Which of the following is a major source of genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

mutations

Question 41

An awareness that children\'s temperaments influence parent\'s child-rearing practices should inhibit our tendency to:

Accepted Answer

blame parents for our own dysfunctional characteristics

Question 42

The home environment most clearly has a greater influence on children\'s ________ _______ than on their ___________ ______.

Accepted Answer

religious beliefs; personality traits

Question 43

Genes are composed of:

Accepted Answer

nucleotides

Question 44

Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to predict that:

Accepted Answer

children are not likely to be abused by their biological parents

Question 45

Genes are to nucleotides as _____ are to _______.

Accepted Answer

words; letters

Question 46

Those who study cultural influences on behavior are most likely to highlight the importance of:

Accepted Answer

norms

Question 47

Studies indicate that ____ _________ prefer more personal space than do _____ ________.

Accepted Answer

North Americans; Latin Americans

Question 48

A human egg contains __ _ chromosome and a human sperm contains ______ __ _ __ _ _ chromosome.

Accepted Answer

an X; either an X or a Y

Question 49

People have always responded so positively to Alyssa\'s good looks that she has developed a socially confident outgoing personality. This best illustrates the:

Accepted Answer

interaction of nature and nurture

Question 50

Environmental influences on personality traits are most clearly highlighted by comparing _________ _____ ______ ________ with _________ _____ ______ _____.

Accepted Answer

identical twins raised together; identical twins raised apart

Question 51

A boy who consistently exhibits traditionally masculine interests and behavior patterns demonstrates the impact of:

Accepted Answer

gender-typing

Question 52

Gender identity refers to:

Accepted Answer

the sense of being male or female.

Question 53

Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to emphasize that human adoptiveness to a variety of different environments has contributed to human:

Accepted Answer

reproductive soccess

Question 54

Sperm is to a cell as DNA is to:

Accepted Answer

molecule

Question 55

Assessing possible linkage between specific nucleotide sequences and bipolar disorder would be of greatest interest to a(n):

Accepted Answer

molecular geneticist

Question 56

When his mother offered to play leapfrog with him, Jorge protested, \"I\'m not going to play a girl\'s game!\" Jorge\'s reaction best illustrates psychological processes highlighted by:

Accepted Answer

gender schema theory

Question 57

In order to estimate trait heritability, researchers are most likely to make use of:

Accepted Answer

twin studies

Question 58

Men judge women as especially attractive if they appear ________ and women judge men as especially attractive if they appear ______.

Accepted Answer

youthful; mature

Question 59

A segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a specific protein is called a:

Accepted Answer

gene

Question 60

Personal space refers to:

Accepted Answer

the distance we like to maintain between ourselves and other people

Question 61

The reproductive advantage enjoyed by organisms best suited to a specific ecological niche is known as:

Accepted Answer

natural selection

Question 62

Heritability refers to the extent to which:

Accepted Answer

trait differences among individuals are attributable to genetic variations

Question 63

Human genetic diversity consists of the variations in the sequence of our:

Accepted Answer

nucleotides

Question 64

It has been suggested that our sensitivity to peer influence is genetically predisposed because it has facilitated the process of human mating. This suggestion best illustrates:

Accepted Answer

an evolutionary perspective

AP Psych Ch. 3 (Daniels)

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