The Study Of Language – George Yule – Chapter 6
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Morpheme
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* Minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function * re-open-ed (3 morphemes)
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free morphemes
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* Can stand by themselves * free stem : open, tour * bound stem : receive (2 bound stems)
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bound morphemes
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* cannot stand by themselves, usually attached to other words * -ist, -er, -s, re-
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un-dress-ed prefix - free stem - suffix
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break down undressed to stem and affix
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two categories of free morphemes
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* lexical morphemes * functional morphemes
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lexical morphemes
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* carry the content of the message * e.g. : girl, house, tiger
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functional morphemes
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* and, but where because
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two categories of bound morphemes
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* derivational morphemes * inflectional morphemes
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derivational morphemes
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* new words or words with different category than the stem * -full, -less, -ness, -ish, -ly, re-, pre-, ex-
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inflectional morphemes
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* aspects of grammatical function of a word * only 8 of them all suffixes * 's (position not is), -s (plural), -ed, -est, -er, -en (taken), -ing
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Example of allomorphs
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* plural : Sheep : plural = nothing Man : plural = vowel change Book : plural = s
