Kinesiology Chapter 3 pt.2
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Used primarily to enhance range of motion & speed of movement in the musculoskeletal system
answer
Wheels and axles
question
If the radius of the wheel is greater than the radius of the axle, then the _____ has a mechanical advantage over the axle due to the longer for arm
answer
Wheel
question
Two types of motion:
answer
Linear & Angular motion
question
Motion along a straight line
answer
Rectilinear Motion
question
Motion along a curved line
answer
Curvilinear
question
Rotation around an axis, known as rotary motion.
answer
Angular Motion
question
Angular motion of the joints can produce the ____ motion of walking
answer
Linear
question
The point or line around which all other points in the body move
answer
Center of Rotation
question
Center of rotation at a specific instant in time during movement
answer
Instantaneous center of rotation
question
A change in the position or location of an object fro its original point of reference
answer
Displacement
question
The pat of movement is the actual sum length it is measured to have traveled
answer
Distance
question
The change in location of a rotating body
answer
Angular Displacement
question
The distance of a system moves in a straight line
answer
Linear Displacement
question
How fast an object is moving, or the distance an object travels in a specific amount of time
answer
Speed
question
The rate at which an object changes its position, includes the direction and describes the rate of displacement
answer
Velocity
question
A body in motion tends to remain in motion at the same speed in a straight line unless acted on by a force; a body at rest tends to remain at rest unless acted on by a force
answer
Law of Inertia
question
Resistance to action or change
answer
Inertia
question
______ produce the force necessary to start motion, stop motion, accelerate motion, decelerate motion, or change the direction of motion
answer
Muscles
question
The greater the ____ of the object the greater its inertia
answer
Mass
question
A change in the acceleration of a body occurs in the same direction as the force that causes it. The change in acceleration is directly proportional to the force causing it and inversely proportional to the mass of the body.
answer
Law of Acceleration
question
The rate of change in velocity
answer
Acceleration
question
The amount of matter in a body, affects the speed and acceleration in physical movements
answer
Mass
question
For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction
answer
Law of Reaction
question
The force of the surface reaction to the force we place on it
answer
Ground reaction force
question
The force that results from the resistance between the surfaces of 2 objects moving gone each other
answer
Friction
question
The amount of friction between 2 objects that have not yet begun to move
answer
Static Friction
question
The friction between 2 objects that are sliding along each other
answer
Kinetic Friction
question
____ is always greater than Kinetic Friction
answer
Static Friction
question
The ratio of the force needed to over come the friction to the force holding the surfaces together
answer
Coefficient of Friction
question
The resistance to an object rolling across a surface
answer
Rolling Friction
question
Refers to a state of zero acceleration, where there is no change in the speed or direction of the body, may be either static or dynamic.
answer
Equilibrium
question
The body is at rest or completely motionless
answer
Static Equilibrium
question
Occurs when all the applied and inertial forces acting on the moving body are in balance, resulting in movement with unchanging speed or direction
answer
Dynamic Equilibrium
question
Resistance to a change in the body's acceleration or the resistance to a disturbance of the body's equilibrium
answer
Stability
question
The point at which all of the body's mass and weight is equally balanced or equally distributed in all directions.
answer
Center of gravity
question
A person has balance when the center of gravity falls within the ______
answer
Base of support
question
A person has balance in direct proportion to the size of the base. The ____ the base of support, the more balance.
answer
Larger
question
A person has balance depending on the weight (mass). The _____ the weight, the more balance
answer
Greater
question
A person has balance depending on the height of the center of gravity. The ____ the center of gravity, the more balance
answer
Lower
question
A person has balance depending on where the center of gravity is in relationship to the base of support. The balance is ___ if the center of gravity is near the edge of the base.
answer
Less
question
In anticipation of an oncoming force, stability may be increased by ____ the size of the base of support in the direction of the anticipated force.
answer
Enlarging
question
Equilibrium may be enhanced by _____ the friction between the body and the surfaces of contacts
answer
Increasing
question
In rapid running movements in which moving inertia is high the individual has to ____ the center of gravity to maintain balance when stopping or changing direction.
answer
Lower
question
The advantage gained through the use of machines to increase or multiply the applied forces n performing task; enables a relatively small force to be applied o move much greater resistance; determined by dividing the load (resistance) by the effort (force)
answer
Mechanical Advantage
question
T/F Biomechanics is the study of mechanics related to the functional and anatomical analysis of biological systems
answer
True
question
T/F Statics is the study of systems that are in a constant state of motion
answer
True
question
T/F A constant state of motion accurately describes a system when no motion is occurring
answer
True
question
T/F Dynamics is the study of systems in motion that are subjected to acceleration
answer
True
question
T/F Levers rotate about an axis of rotation as a result of a force being applied to cause movement in the same direction as the resistance.
answer
False- opposite direction
question
T/F In a first class lever arrangement the agonies and antagonist muscle groups may contract simultaneously on either side of a joint axis.
answer
True
question
T/F In order for rotation to occur in objects with a fixed axis an eccentric force must be applied.
answer
True
question
T/F Minor variatons in the point of force application have no effect in determining the effective force of the muscle
answer
False- they do have an effect
question
T/F Overall the human leverage system is built for speed and range of movement at the expense of force generation
answer
True
question
T/F Short force arms and long resistance arms require greater muscular force to produce movement as compared to long force arms with a long resistance arm.
answer
True
question
T/F In a wheel axle mechanical arrangement only the radius of the wheel corresponds to the force arm
answer
False- Radius of wheel and radius of axle
question
T/F Linear displacement is the distance that a system moves along a straight line
answer
True
question
T/F Angular displacement is the change in location of linearly moving body
answer
F- change in location of a rotating body
question
T/F Mass is the effect of gravity on the amount of matter in the body
answer
F-needs to lose "the effect of gravity on"
question
T/F The mass of an object affects the speed and acceleration of the object during movement
answer
True
question
T/F Friction is the force that results from the resistance between the surfaces of 2 objects from moving one moving open another
answer
True
question
T/F Muscles are the main source of force that produce or change movement of a body segment or the entire body
answer
T
question
T/F During rapid running movement where inertia is high the center of gravity of the body must be raised in order to maintain balance when stopping or changing direction
answer
F- should be lowered not raised
question
T/F Some circumstances exist where movement is embraced when the body tends to be unbalanced
answer
T
question
T/F Velocity is how fast an object is moving, or the distance an object travels in a specific amount of time
answer
F- that's the definition of speed
question
T/F A football player in a four-point stance has more balance than the same football player in a three-point stance
answer
T
question
T/F Assuming that the bat speed & pitched ball velocity were the same, the ball hit with the middle of the bat would travel further than the ball hit with the larger end of that bat
answer
F- needs to hit larger end of bat to travel further
question
Which type of muscle contraction is usually utilized in causing an object's deceleration? A.Concentric B.Eccentric C.Isokinetic D.Isometric
answer
B
question
Kinematics is the description of motion & includes consideration of each of the following except A.Time B.Displacement C.Velocity D.Force
answer
D
question
Which of the following does not describe a way in which machines function? A.Balance of multiple forces B.Enhances force in an attempt to increase total force needed to overcome a resistance C.Enhance range of motion & speed of movement so that resistance may be moved further or faster than applied force D.Alter resulting of the applied force
answer
B. Replace increase with reduce
question
Which of the following types of machine is most common in the musculoskeletal system arrangements of the human body? A.Pulleys B.Wheel-axles C.Levers D.None of the above
answer
C
question
Elbow extension where the triceps applies force to olecranon process in extending the non-supported forearm at the elbow is an example of which type of lever arrangement? A. 1st class B. 2nd class C.3rd class
answer
A
question
Which of the following is NOT true regarding the force arm of a lever? A.Is determined by multiplying the distance from the axis by force B.Also known as the moment or torque arm C.Is the shortest distance from the axis of rotation to the line of action of the force D.The greater the distance of the force arm then the more torque produced by the force
answer
A. multiplying force magnitude by force arm
question
Which of the following pairs exhibits an inverse relationship? A.Force and force arm B.Resistance and resistance arm C. Both A & B D.None of the above
answer
C
question
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the proportional relationship between force components and resistance components? A.The closer the force application is to the axis the greater the amount of resistance that can be moved B.If either the resistance components increase, there must be an increase in one or both of fore components C.The greater resistance or resistance arm requires greater force or longer force arm D.The greater the force or force arm allows a greater amount of resistance to be moved or a longer resistance arm to be used
answer
A
question
Which of the following is a possible advantage of a heel axle mechanical arrangement? A.Increased force B.Increased range of motion C.Decreased sped of movement D.Decreased range of motion
answer
B
question
Which of the following is not considered to be a law of motion and physical activity? A.Body motion is produced or started by some action of muscular system B.Motion cannot occur without a force C.The muscular system is source of force in humans D.There are three types of motion
answer
D- change 3 to 2
question
Which of the following is a type of linear motion? A.Angular motion B.Curvilinear motion C.Angulolinear motion D.Curviangular motion
answer
B
question
Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between linear and angular motion? A.Angular motion of the joints produces linear motion B.Linear motion of the joints produce angular motion C.Both A &B D.None of the above
answer
A
question
Which of the following is Newton's Law of Inertia? A.For every action there is an opposite & equal reaction. B.A body in motion tends to remain in motion at the sam speed in a straight line unless acted on by a force. C.A change in acceleration of a body occurs in the same direction as the force that caused it. D. None above are correct
answer
B
question
Which of the following is the Law of Acceleration? A.For every action there is an opposite & equal reaction. B.A body in motion tends to remain in motion at the sam speed in a straight line unless acted on by a force. C.A change in acceleration of a body occurs in the same direction as the force that caused it. D. None above are correct
answer
C
question
Which of the following is the Law of Reaction? A.For every action there is an opposite & equal reaction. B.A body in motion tends to remain in motion at the sam speed in a straight line unless acted on by a force. C.A change in acceleration of a body occurs in the same direction as the force that caused it. D. None above are correct
answer
A
question
Which of the following is an example of a type of friction? A.Static B.Kinetic C. Both A & B D. None of the above
answer
C
