Baptist History
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what are the three C reasons for being Baptist?
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Conditioning, convenience, conviction
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Healthy baptist churches are simultaneously...
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catholic, reformational, and radical, and (evangelical)
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What is the single greatest distinctive of Baptists?
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ecclessiology
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What part of ecclessiology gives Baptists their mark?
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membership
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most well known distinctive?
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immersion of believers
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Define Congregationlism
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Every church is ultimately governed by its membership, in submission to Christ's will, as it is revealed in the Scriptures
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(church structure) Church is ...
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ruled by Christ, governed by its congregation, led by elders, and served by deacons
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the whole church does what two main functions?
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set apart leaders, membership
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separation of church and state gives what two benefits?
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follow, and proclaim Christ ecclesiology and missional.
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What are the five points of hyper calvinism?
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...
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Who were the three key leaders in \"The Evangelical Awakening\"?
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Jonathan Edwards- Calvinistic Congregationalist- key theologian George Whitefield- Calvinistic Methodist (Anglican)- itinerant preacher John Wesley- Arminian Methodist (Anglican)
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What is Daniel Taylor?
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converted under Wesley, gets baptized by General Baptists, calls for new denomination, New Connexion of GB, defender of Wesleyan Evangelical Arminianism
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New Connexion of General Baptists
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began by Dan Taylor, six point confession, 19 pastors breaking away, but then gradually becoming General Baptist mainstream
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Who is Abraham Booth?
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moderate Calvinist, writes Reign of Grace, influenced by puritans, anti-slavery via \"Golden Rule\"
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the Reign of Grace
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by Abraham Booth, defense of the five points of Calvinism
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Bristol Baptist Academy
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oldest Bapist College in the world, influenced by Edwards, carries on Particular Baptists
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Robert Hall
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repents from hyper when reading Edwards Freedom of the Will, wrote Help to Zion's Travellers attacking idea of warrant to believe the gospel, served as grandfather of the modern missionary movement
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Andrew Fuller
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paticular Baptist, most influential theologian prior to 20th century, rejects hyper Calv
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Gospel Worthy of All Acceptation
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Andrew Fuller, distinguishing between moral and natural ability, becomes single most important contribution to demise of hyper-Calvinism
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Francis Johnson
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started Ancient church, first separatist church in London to Amsterdam
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James Stuart
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comes to throne after Elizabeth, argues for bloodline secular authority, for bishops, persecuting nonconformists. Bad enough to give birth to the Baptist movement.
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John Smyth
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protege of francis johnson, around 1590 breaks from separatists, starts church, later moves it to Amsterdam where they meet Mennonites (anabaptists), leads church to embrace confessor baptism, later church becomes Mennonite arminian church
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What three elders are in First Baptist Church?
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Smyth, John Robinson, William Bradford
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The character of the Beast
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smith's justification for self baptism, all that accepted
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Three reasons for Smyths gang not wanting to become Mennonites
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cultural differences, heavenly flesh of Christ, christians cannot serve in public office
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First permanent Baptist leader
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Helwys, leads 11 others to go back to England, 1612, (becomes modern day arminian general baptists) bishop lite, close communion, laying on of hands
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Three points of confession 1611
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counters Smyth 1. Arminian view of salvation (anti- calvsm) 2. believers baptism (anti- separatists) 3. civil offices (anti- anabaptists)
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What is the first published document arguing for full religious freedom?
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short declaration of the mystery of Iniquity- Thomas Helwys, dies in prison- died convicted that no one should die of convictions
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what characterized the 1633 second church split
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babies needed to become resprinkled, does COE baptism count?
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2 interesting things about 1633 church split.
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1. one member at least was advocate of confessor baptism 2. received a \"further baptism\" pastored by Samuel Eaton
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What is the first particular Baptist Church?
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John Spilsbury, particular atonement, 1639 circa, baptism by pouring
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Leonard Busher
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we should dunk not pour, tells us no one is practicing immersion
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Who first recovered immersion?
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particular baptists first to recover, richard blunt who went to holland, learned from anabaptists
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What is the first Baptist church to practice immersion?
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JLJ church 4th split with Blunt
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Why did Baptists like Cromwell?
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congregationalist, exptended personal liberty
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What is the Clarendon Code?
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Put into practice through Charles II, suppressed freedoms of Baptists and other dissenters, people were put into prison, ejected from their pulpits (famously John Bunyan)
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What are the Six-Principle Baptists?
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General Baptists from Heb 6, nothing more necessary, any less is not christian, strict close communion and discipline
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Who wrote first Baptist systematic theology?
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Grantham, general baptist
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Who was the first General theologian?
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Grantham
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Who are the Moderate Trinitarians?
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School of thought in England saying we should not use the word Trinity because it is not in the Bible. Led by Grantham
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\"Evangelical Catholicity\"
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Non-Baptists are still Christians, but just wrong about certain things.
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What confessions were written by Generals in 1600's?
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Standard confession (arminian view of salvation, baptist view of church), An orthodox Creed
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Which general confession echoed Nicea?
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An orthodox Creed, Arminians who hold to perseverance
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Who is considered the pioneer of Unitarianism?
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Caffyn
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Socianianism is the forerunner of what belief?
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Unitarianism, reject deity of Christ
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Who was the most important particular Baptist in 17th century?
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William Kiffin
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What is Kiffin Manuscript?
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Recovery of baptism by immersion, about 50 members of JLF church baptized by immersion, before withdrawing to form a Baptist church (4th split), claims no church in England was immersing in 1642, goes viral
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What was the main thing debated in the Kiffin-Bunyan Debate and who wins?
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Bunyan- open communion and open membership, vs., Kiffin- baptism prerequisite to communion and membership. Kiffin's view wins, but Bunyan's view becomes reversal 200 years later.
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Who is Hansered Knollys?
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Dunks Henry Jessey, goes to prison twice for being Baptist, was a part of 1st and 2nd London, leading cessationist
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Who is Benjamin Keach?
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Pastored most famous particular Baptist church, Horse Lie Down, argued laying on of hands
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Who is the only particular Baptist that argued for laying on of hands?
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Benjamin Keach
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What makes Keach famous in church history?
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Leading defender of hymns in corporate worship, paves way for other significant hymn writers
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What are the three key leaders of early particular Baptists?
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Kiffin, Knollys, Keach
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What was the Savoy Declaration and how did this relate to particular Baptists?
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They revised the Congregationalists confession as their own Baptist distinctives.
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What was the first confession to begin with scripture?
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2nd London, patterned off Westminster
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What are the distinctives of 2nd London?
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Coxe and Collins, what congregationalists believe but added baptism 1.first confession to begin with scripture 2. church local and universal 3. spiritual presence 4. neutral on close vs. open comm 5. regulative principle 6. sabbath
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Who argues for hyper-Calvinism distinctives?
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Timothy George
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What are the five points of hyper-Calvinism?
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1. Eternal justification 2. Rejection of moral responsibility 3. Denial of the free offer of the gospel 4. Requirement of a \"warrant\" to believe 5. Denial of the universal love of God
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Who is John Gill?
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leading baptist theologian in life, wrote systematic theology hyper except for rejecting antinomianism- offered gospel
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What is the Elizabethan Religious Settlement?
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middle way in England
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William Carey
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just share the gospel, influenced by Hall and Fuller, argues Great Commission is a binding command for all christians, father of modern missions in English-speaking
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Baptist Union
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founded with missions movement, uniting likeminded churches and ministries together (missions, village preaching, sunday school), finally absorbing General Baptists, creating one large Baptists majority went neutral on atonement and communion
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Robert Hall Jr.
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open communion, gifted preacher, opponent of slavery, led Particular Baptists to become neutral on communion, most famous particular baptist to reject limited atonement (4 point Calvinist)
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what was the first orthodox belief that was to go through progressive theology?
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innerancy of Scripture
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who is the leading progressive? (and leading protestant at the time)
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John Clifford
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four aspects of Clifford's progressive theology
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1. innerrancy of Scripture 2. denied penal substitution 3. denied imputed righteousness 4. embraced universalism
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Two crazy ideas from Roger Williams
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1. colonial leaders have no right to legislate religion 2. argued for Native American land rights
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famous forerunner for separation of church and state, before Thomas Jefferson?
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Roger Williams
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what is the BLoody Tenet of Persecution
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Roger Williams, to draw attention in England to religious injustice in NE
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what is the first baptist church to practice immersion?
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Clark at Newport, RI
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who is John Clark?
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first permanent baptist leader (Williams defected), formed church at Newport, RI
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who is major leader in early Philadelphia?
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Elias Keach, converted while preaching his dad's sermons, planted churches
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what was the first baptist association in America?
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Philadelphia, strongly calvinistic, center of gravity in early 1700's
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Who is Benjamin Griffith and what did he write?
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A short treatise on a True and Orderly Gospel Church (1743), pastor in philadelphia association, spelling out PB approach to baptist church life, local autonomy and close communion
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What does Second London go neutral on?
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closed communion (that's why PAB brings this out)
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Who is Oliver Hart?
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leader of Charleston Association, second overall, first in south, modeled after PA where he came from.
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A Summary of Church Discipline
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classic statement on how congregational churches should practice discipline, out of Charleston Association
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What is the first association in New England?
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Warren Association
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What important movement came out of First Great Awakening?
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Congregationlists- New Lights- Separates- Separate Baptists
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Who are the Regular Baptists?
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those prior to Great Awakening, emphasize order over ardour, moderately pro revival, start first two associations in America, Rhode Island College
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What is a doctrinaire calvinist?
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Regular Baptists taking theology and five points very seriously, formal in worship style
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what is the first baptist college in America?
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Rhode Island, by Regular Baptists
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what is the charleston tradition?
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regular baptists who are looking at FBC for inspiration
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What leader sides with British in war?
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Morgan Edwards
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Who are the four major Regular Baptist leaders early on?
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Morgan Edwards, John Gano, Oliver Hart, Silas Mercer
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who served as chaplain in Continental Army and closely connected to George Washington?
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John Gano
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Mercer attempts to write what before his death?
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first baptist history
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what is the difference between Regular and Separate Baptists?
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more formal- more informal more doctrine- more experience confessions- non confessions more order- more spontenaity Charleston- Sandy Creek (traditions)
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three defining characteristics of Separate Baptists Sandy Creek tradition
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1. charismatic services 2. allowed women to preach 3. nine ordinances
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Who is Isaac Bakcus?
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prototypical northern separate baptist
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Who planted Sandy Creek?
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Shubel Stearns
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who was sent to investigate Stearns and Sandy Creek?
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John Gano from Philadelphia
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who planted first baptist church in GA?
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Daniel Marshall, Kayoki baptist church, Separatists Sandy creek connection
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most famous women preacher?
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Martha Marshall, female exhorter in Sandy tradition
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What is the oldest black church in existence?
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1777 African baptist church of Savannah, GA, by George Leile
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who is the first cross cultural baptist missionary?
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George Leile in Jamaica
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what is the first real black baptist church?
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silver bluff, SC, by David George
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Who is David George?
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plants black church in silver bluff, leaves to canada, then to Sierra Leon
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Who is Andrew Bryan?
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took over African church in Savannah, became biggest church in city, dynamic preacher, and first to own property building building
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Who are three leading black baptist early on?
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George Leile, David George, and Andrew Bryan
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what is the most famous story of Baptist persecution
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John Clarke and Obadiah Holmes in Boston, arrested for sectarian preaching, Holmes refused to pay fine, accepted flogging for being a baptist
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what is \"Ill News from New England\"?
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John Clark publishes in England,with story of Holmes persecution, which influenced Rhode Island to have freedom
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Who is John \"Swearing Jack\" Waller?
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Arminian evangelist persecuted, baptizes 2000
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Who is James Ireland?
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southern preacher persecuted, couldn't be killed
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who is Elijah Craig?
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preacher persecuted in south, relocates to Kentucky, called Traveling Church, invents kentucky bourbon, among first baptists in Kentucky
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Who is Isaac Backus?
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works for religious freedom in MA, Warren Association, writes first history
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what was a key document for baptist religious freedom?
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Backus's \"Appeal\"
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What is Accomodationism?
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church and state should be formally separate but the state should take a friendly stance toward the religion of the majority.
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What two discussions Backus a part of?
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1. ? 2. Defending religious liberty
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Who is John Leland?
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evangelist best known for religious liberty, strong separationist
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What is separationism?
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the government should be neutral in matters of religion and neither privilege the free exercise of religion, full neurtrality
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James Madison and Thomas Jefferson took which view of state and church?
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separationism along with Leland
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What was the great role baptists played in religious freedom?
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Leland in VA supporting Madison, which became a clause in 1st amendment
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which great awakening led to cross cultural missions?
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2nd
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since 1800's what has been the central theme of baptist history in America
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missions
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who were the first formal foreign missionaries in America?
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Judson and group of 5 friends
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Who were the three main mission pioneers from America?
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Adoniam and Ann Judson, Luther Rice
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What was the first step towards a more baptist formal denomination, and why?
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Triennial Convention, for the purpose of missions
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who was the primary fundraiser of the Triennial convention?
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Luther Rice
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who were two key leaders in the Triennial Convention?
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Thomas Baldwin (north) and Richard Furman (south), both leading pastors
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who edited the \"American Baptist Missionary Magazine\"?
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Thomas Baldwin
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what state has first convention?
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South Carolina
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who was the first home missionary to midwest?
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John Mason Peck, Missouri territory, midwest
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who was first home missionary to native americans?
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Isaac McCoy, oklahoma
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what school did Luther rice start?
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Columbian college, classical and theological education, with William Staughton
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Who is William Staughton?
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professor and president of Columbian College
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what is the convention method?
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a single convention provides oversight to a variety of ministries, South (strength is many people involved), opposed to societal
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what is the societal method?
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each ministry should be represented by different society or board, each autonomous from each other, North (strength is people involved are passionate), opposed to convention
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What happens at the 1826 Triennial convention?
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triumph of societal method over conventional method, focusing on foreign missions, through Francis Wayland (Luther Rice was fired)
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who is the key baptist leader in 19th century?
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Francis Wayland, loves foreign missions, led Triennial convention, president of Brown
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columbia college became what?
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George Washington University
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Why is Francis Wayland important?
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he leads the swing between conventional and societal methods in the Triennial Convention
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Who is Thomas Meredith?
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started Baptist state convention of NC, founded biblical recorder, cofounded Wake Forest College, and Church
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John Leland
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raised concerns about mission movement 1.no mission societies in the bible 2.societies take away money from local churches 3. christians could and should serve in plitics, linked with Jefferson (mammoth cheese) primer for 1st amendment
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John Taylor
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church planter in Kentucky \"Thoughts on Missions\" opposed mission societies on moral grounds, abuse of money and power favors local church
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Daniel Parker
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opposed missions on theological grounds Two Seed view of children of God and Satan
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Alexander Campbell
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attacks mission societies on exegetical grounds in Baptist periodical regulative principle in missions later joins Barton Stone \"reformed baptists\"
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who are the three most popular mission society critiques?
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John Taylor, Daniel Parker, Alexander Campbell
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who wrote \"thoughts on missions\"?
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John Taylor
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what did the anti missions baptists call themselves?
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primitive baptists
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Joshua Lawrence
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forerunners of primitive baptists Kehuckee Assocaition
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Black Rock Address
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extension of regulative principle, condemned tracts, societies, sunday schools, protracted meetings, etc.
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what is Black Rock a reaction against?
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Triennial convention, 2nd Great Awakening (in favor of 1st Awakening) loved Edwards, do not like Finney
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where is primitive baptists concentrated?
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deep south
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Restorationism
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starting a new movement that has more true biblical christianity
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what two most famous Restoration churches?
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Stone Campbell, Latter day Saints (joseph smith)
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Barton Stone
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started Cane Ridge revival, (20,000) rejects presb and calvinism, startes own movement called \"christians\" meets with Campbell's reformed baptist movement merge into \"Disciples of Christ\"
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Disciples of Christ
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merger of Campbell and Stone, called \"Campbellites\", Restoration movement out of 2nd great awakening
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what are the four distinctives of Stone-Campbell?
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1. rational assent only without repentance 2. baptism was the completion of one's salvation 3. literal reading of NT 4. rejection of confession and creeds
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who are the first two black sent missionaries?
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Collin Teague and Lott Carey, in Liberia
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what is the black version of the Triennial convention?
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American Baptist Mmissionary Convention, formed in NY 1840
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Elizabethan Religious Settlement
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charting a middle way between catholics and protestants (rejected by puritans!)
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who are the puritans?
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those who fled during mary tudor's reign in England, influenced by Calvin and Beza
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who are the separationists?
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those wanting out of Church of England, wanted different church structure
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Robert Browne
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treatise on reform, reject and sever ties, local churches independent of state control, voluntary membership (opposed to COE puritans by birth)
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Who is John Robinson?
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starts Pilgrim church (separationists), congregational calvinists, along with Ancient Church
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James Stuart?
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took throne after Elizabeth II and returned back to state church days, hated nonconformists
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divine right of kings
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james stuart, authority through lines of men
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JLJ church became what?
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Independent Baptist Churches with open membership, accepted infant baptism members
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London Confession
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demonstrate to Calvinistic pedobaptists that they are the same except dunking (revised in response to Daniel Featly saying they were anabaptists anarchists)
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Thomas Grantham?
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baptist theologian, unity between calv and arm baptists against pedos
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\"evangelical catholicity\"
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Grantham- baptists are one part of wider christianity
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general baptist decline for what reason?
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debate over trinity, moderate trinitarians, doubting Christ's deity and in universalism, rescued by John Wesley (Arminian revival)
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William Kiffin?
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most important particular baptist 17th, part of both london confessions, believed in regulative principle of ordinances which led to debate with Bunyon (does baptism come before communion?)
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three key early particular baptist leaders?
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Knollys, Keach, Kiffin
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who were the hypers that led to the particular baptist decline?
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John Gill, Timothy George
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what big two debates were prior to evangelical awakenings?
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soveringty responsibility, who shall we baptize
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what was first assoc in america?
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philadelphia
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three separate baptist distinctives
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new lights, informal calvinists, more experience, pro revival, 1.spontaneous 2. women preaching 3. nine ordinances
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who plants FBC in georgia?
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Daniel Marshall
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famous female exhorter?
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Martha marshall
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who appeals through Warren to congress for relibious liberty?
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Isack Backus
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what four main guys objected to missions?
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leland, taylor, parker, campbell
