Chapter 2 student success in college
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Encoding, storage, retrieval
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What are the 3 main processes in the memory system?
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how we get memories into our memory system
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Define Encoding
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decide what is worthy of your attention
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we use encoding to...
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Encode
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You can use multi sensory approaches to help you do what?
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How we hold onto and save memories
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Define storage
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working memory & long-term memory
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subsystems of memory storage are
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long- term memory
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(blank) seems to last forever & is endless storage space
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long-term memory
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Working memory is needed for this
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Working memory
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Where is new info temporarily held?
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long term memory
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we search [blank] for prior info that might help us store new info
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1) it can't hold info for long 2)it can't hold a lot of info at once
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What 2 things CAN'T short term memory do?
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finding the memory that is previously stored
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What is memory retrieval?
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when you're unable to find what you need when you need it
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What is retrieval failure?
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practice tests, flashcards, quizzes
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What are 3 ways to improve memory?
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1)encoding 2) storage 3) retrieval
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what are the 3 steps is the memory process
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helps us keep memories
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What does rehearsing or reviewing do?
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true
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True/false, Continued rehearsing without interruption helps us remember
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organizing info. into reasonable, meaningful amounts
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What is "Chunking"?
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Chunking
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this memory strategy increases your chances to encode info.
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chunking
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which memory strategy was shown to lead to higher grades?
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chunking
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[blank] reduces the number of things you're trying to learn
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encode information
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chunking increases the chances to [blank]
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stories
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[blank] are filled with meaning & trigger emotions, increasing the chances of remembering information.
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memory tools that help recall large chunks of info.
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Define Mnemonics
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when you make a word from the first letter of different concepts [ROY G BIV]
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What is an Acronym?
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Acrostic mnemonics [My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Nine Pizzas]
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What is it called when you take the first letter of every conceptual word and create a sentence?
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To recall content w/o looking at your notes
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What is retrieval Practice?
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Quizzes, tests, flashcards
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What are 3 types of retrieval practice?
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exams ; studying
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You should use retrieval practice on [blank] and while [blank] ?
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taking good class notes
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[blank] gives you solid info you can study
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1) attend class 2) do class room based tasks 3) be prepared & ready to engage
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Name 3 ways you can make the most of class experiences
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syllabus
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Reading the [blank] is a good way to prep for class
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chapter ; other material
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Reading the [blank] and [blank] can help you prepare for class
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read before class and take notes
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students who do these 2 things have a higher success rate
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write down any questions you may have
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What should you do if you're reading and you don't understand a concept?
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Read the material
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Prior to a class lecture you should....
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cues from professor
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You can determine what's important in a lecture by
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prep for good note taking
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Getting enough sleep, eating a good meal, exercise and having a good mind set are all ways to...
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that you're involved and ready to learn
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What does asking questions during a lecture show?
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clarify and add to what you're learning
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You should ask questions that....
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personally meaningful examples ; questions
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jotting down [blank] or [blank] you want to look up or ask others is also participating.
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Cornell notes
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this note taking method has a vertical line a third of the way down
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the notes
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what goes on the right side of a Cornell note?
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key headings & subheadings
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what goes on the left side of a Cornell note?
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the left side
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which side of the Cornell note is used to identify areas that are still confusing so you can visit them later?
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to summarize info. & highlighting important stuff
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what is the bottom of the Cornell notes used for?
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1-2 paragraphs
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how long should a Cornell note summary be?
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a visual graph of notes (student success figure 2.4)
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what is a concept map?
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concept map
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this form of note taking specifies the main idea by boxing o/ bubbling it
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concept map
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putting the more important topics on top is commonly used with this form of note taking
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concepts connected to the main idea
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in a concept map, what goes in different, sometimes smaller boxes?
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they connect related concepts
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what do the lines mean in a concept map?
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False: concept maps can be hard to do during a lecture and is best to do when reorganizing your notes at home.(they have computer programs for this too)
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You should have no trouble creating a concept map during a lecture & don't need to do it at home (T/F)
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matrix method
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Which note taking method works the best according to Kiewra et al. ?
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main topic on top, sub topics on the left (better image :figure 2.5 )
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how are matrix notes set up?
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good tool for studying, focus on connections, easy to read, good compare/contrast, you think more deeply
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Advantages to matrix notes are?
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need more processing time to organize topics & see how concepts are connected
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Disadvantages to matrix notes are?
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1)main topic top left 2)subheading & subheading info indented &written below main heading
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what is the structure of a traditional note outline?
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1)easy to see lesson structure 2) leads to good recall
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What are the pros to a traditional note outline?
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1) hard to see what the main headings are 2)not as good as matrix
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What are the cons to a traditional outline
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laptop;tablet
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using a [blank] or [blank] in class adds possibilities
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Take notes
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Power point slides are good visual aids, but it's still important for you to....
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true
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Is Microsoft word good for note taking? (true/false)
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capture more content
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If you're faster at typing than writing you can..
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organization tools, reformat notes, add visuals
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What are some pros to Digital note taking?
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use many devices, organize, add pics
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what 3 things do Note taking apps (like google o/ Evernote) allow you to do ?
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check with your professor
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what shoul you do prior to taking pictures/recording in class?
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True
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Can some note taking apps let you share with others?
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You capture more content, which is helpful for exam studying
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Why is it good for you and another student to use different methods and share?
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try a variety of methods, make sure you can organize notes easily, simpler the app= more powerfu, avoid distracting tasks
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tips for digital notes
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no effective strategy no organization difficult to see key concepts
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Why shouldn't you use linear notes?
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well organized ; main concepts
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Notes should be [blank] with [blank]
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Use clues from the professor
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How do you decide what's important when taking class notes?
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Spends a lot of time on a topic, repeats info, provides several examples, talks louder/with passion, uses power point , writes on board
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What are ways the professor tells you something is important?
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any activity that promotes learning in & out of class
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What is studying?
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learn better
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We use different senses, we [blank]
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see, hear or do with the info
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We remember more if we ...
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learning and memory
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what does using multiple senses strengthen?
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result in better memory
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Adding images to studying can...
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we process pictures quicker (picture superiority effect)
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Why does adding pictures help memory?
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1) using interactive tools in textbook 2)using computer stimulated exercises 3) playing learning games
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these help master content
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test your knowledge
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What is the most effective way to learn?
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False; those who complete quizzes usually do better
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those who complete quizzes do worse on finals (true/false)
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1) forces you to study regularly 2)lets you track progress 3)learn from mistakes 4) practice retrieving info
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what are 4 ways quizzes help?
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try to remember everything from prior class w/o notes then pull out notes to fill in gaps
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What is the dusting off cobweb exercise?
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provides you with feedback about progress
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how does the dusting off cobweb exercise help?
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organizing
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this study technique was most effective because it makes you do deeper processing of info
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stay organized
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making a significant time commitment to studying and using study techniques that work are both ways to...
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organization
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putting info into your own words, using a hierarchical structure to connect concepts, giving examples so ideas come to life are all examples of
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Organized
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According to Lynch Students who preform higher on tests are usually more[blank]
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test, organize ,review, teach others
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to make the most of studying
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social factors and relationships
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according to Vygotsky what 2 things shape learning?
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when a student can't do something alone but can do it with others
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What is the zone of proximal development?
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support given by a professor or peer
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What is scaffolding?
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helps one master content
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What does scaffolding do?
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together
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The student who
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help teach each other content, helps you think more critically because you're teaching others, we learn best when mentally and socially engaged
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What are three MAIN benefits to study groups?
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they don't verbalize their thoughts
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Students can benefit from study groups even if [blank]
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when we are mentally & socially engaged
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When do we learn best?
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1)more motivation 2)more support 3)clears up confusion
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what are three benefits to study groups?
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3-4 members
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what is the recommended number of people for a study group?
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1)shared commitment to learning 2)Everyone is prepared and contributes 3)ground rules and roles helps focus on tasks @ hand
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what are 3 ways to make study groups work?
