Reconstruction and the Debate Between Booker T. Washington and WEB Dubois
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What was the Reconstruction?
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time after Civil War to bring country back together, 1863 to 1877, attempts to reunite North and South
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How did the South reintegrate into the Union?
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switched currency, South had to make an official oath of loyalty back into the Union (10% of population of white men per state had to take oath to re-enter the Union)
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What laws/organizations were established on the state level?
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Freedman's Bureau
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What laws/organizations were established on the local level?
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Black Codes
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What are Black Codes? How did they help?
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series of laws regarding black population in the South during and after Civil War; certain legal rights: recognized black marriages, ownership of property, limited access to the courts
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How were the Black Codes restrictive?
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skilled laborers had to pay high licensing fees, made it a crime to be unemployed (vagrancy laws), could not testify against whites, could not serve on juries, vote
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What was the 14th amendment?
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all persons were citizens of the US if born in the US
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What was the catch about the 14th amendment?
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1873 court ruling, it protects national citizenship but not state citizenship
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What were Jim Crow laws?
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series of rigid anti-black laws; believed itself to be that whites were superior to blacks in all aspects of life
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What two important concepts did Jim Crow spearhead?
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segregation \"Seperate but Equal\" in 1890 and Plessy v Fergurson 1896
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What happened to cause Plessy v Fergurson?
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Homer Plessy was a creole with light skin. He sits in white car in New Orleans and is arrested. Plessy's ability to not be allowed to sit where he wants violates the 14th amendment.
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What did the court rule in Plessy v Fergurson?
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Even though it violated the 14th amendment, it was actually okay because it was considered \"separate but equal\"
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What were some voting restrictions?
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poll tax, grandfather clause
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What were some restrictions/issues during reconstruction?
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Jim Crow laws, voting restrictions, lynching and violence
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Who was Booker T. Washington
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once enslaved, leader of the Tuscegee Institute, advisor to Theodore Roosevelt and Taft on racial matters
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Why did he receive criticism from WEB Dubois?
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because he did many things in secrecy
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What speech did he give to whites?
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Atlantic Exposition Address
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What was the main idea of the Atlantic Exposition Address?
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it focused on the economic position of the black community
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What famous quote is from this speech?
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\"Cast down your bucket where you are\"
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What does \"Cast down your bucket where you are mean?\"
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start from where you are and move forward; by starting from where you are you could accumulate political capital and then could be more supported
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What was Booker T for?
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He was for communities beginning with what is at their disposal and then build up their trades; blacks and whites must BOTH cast down their buckets
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Who holds a critique against Booker T's ideas?
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WEB Dubois
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What is WEB Dubois's critique?
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it is an idea of being socially separate but then working together; he believes that Booker T is only furthering economic/social inequality between blacks and whites
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What does WEB Dubois believe they should do instead?
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create leaders to lead black community (i.e. Talented Ten)
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What does WEB Dubois and Booker T both want?
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They both want education but just want it to be achieved in different ways
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What is Booker T's idea about Industrial Education?
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he thought one should learn a skill and develop it; once a community accumulates capital, develop more opportunities, must be combined with \"moral and mental\" education
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What was Dubois's idea about Industrial Education and the Talented Ten?
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\"Not all mean must go to college, but some should\"; 1/10 of male population must attend college and learn to be a leader, rest of population can do labor jobs
