Ch 13: Psyhological Disorders
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psychopathology
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The scientific study of the origins, symptoms, and development of psychological disorders
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psychological disorder or mental disorder
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A pattern of behavioral and psychological symptoms that causes significant personal distress, impairs the ability to function in one or more important areas of dialy life, or both
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DSM-IV-TR
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Abbrevation for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision; the book published by the American Psychiatric Association that describes the specific symptoms and diagnostic guidelines for different psychological disorders
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panic attack
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A sudden episode of extreme anxiety that rapidly escalates in intensity
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panic disorder
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An anxiety disorder in which the person experiences frequent and unexpected panic attacks
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phobia
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A strong or irrational fear of something, usually a specific object or situation, that does not necessarily interfere with the ability to function in daily life
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specific phobia
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An anxiety disorder characterized by an extreme and irrational fear of a specific object or situation that interferes with the ability to function in daily life; formerly called simple phobia
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social phobia or social anxiety disorder
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An anxiety disorder involving the extreme and irrational fear of being embarrassed, judged, or scrutinized by others in social situations
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posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
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An anxiety disorder in which chronic and persistent symptoms of anxiety develop in response to an extreme physical or psychological trauma
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obsessive-complusive disorder (OCD)
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An anxiety disorder in which the symptoms of anxiety are triggered by intrusive, repetitive thoughts and urges to perform certain actions
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obsession
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Repeated, intrusive, and uncontrollable irrational thoughts or mental images that cause extreme anxiety of distress
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complusion
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Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that are performed to prevent or reduce anxiety
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mood disorders
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A category of mental disorders in which significant anf persistent disruptions in mood or emotions cause impaired cognitive, behavioral, and physical functioning; also called affective disorders
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major depression
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A mood disorder characterized by extreme and persistent feelings of despondency, worthlessness, and hopelessness, causing impaired emotional, cognitive, behavioral, anf physical functioning
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dysthymic disorder
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A mood disorder involving chronic, low-grade feelings of depression that produce subjective discomfort but do not seriously impair the ability to function
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seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
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A mood disorder in which episodes of depression typically occur during the spring and summer
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bipolar disorder
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A mood diorder involving periods of incapacitating depression alternating with periods of extreme euphoria and excitement; formerly called manic depression
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manic episode
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A sudden, rapidly escalating emotional state characterized by extreme euphoria, excitement, physical energy, and rapid thoughts and speech
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cyclothymic disorder
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A mood disorder characterized by moderate but frequent mood swings that are not severe ehough to qualify as bipolar disorder
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personality disorder
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Inflexible, maladaptive patterns of thoughts, emotions, behavior and interpersonal functioning that are stable over time and across situations, and deviate from the expectations of the individual's culture
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paranoid personality disorder
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A personality disorder characterized by a pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of the motives of others without sufficient basis
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anitsocial personailty disorder
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A personality disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregarding and violating the rights of others; such individuals are also often reffered to as psychopaths or sociopaths
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borderline personality disorder
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A personality disorder characterized by instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, and marked impulsivity
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dissociative experience
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A break or disruption in consciousness during which awereness, memory, and personalidentity become separated or divided
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dissociative disorders
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A category of psychological disorders in which extreme and frequent disruptions of awereness, memory, and personal identity impair the ability to function
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dissociative amnesia
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A dissociative disorder involving the partial or total inability to recall important personal information
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dissociative fugue
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A dissociative disorder involving sudden and unexpected travel away from home, extensive amnesia, and identity confusion
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dissociative identity disorder (DID)
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A dissociative disorder involving extensive memory disruptions along with the presence of two or more distinct identities, or \"personalities\"; formerly called multiple personality disorder
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schizophrenia
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A psychological disorder in which the ability to function is imapired by severely distorted beliefs, perceptions, and thought processes
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positive symptoms
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In schizophrenia, symptoms that reflect excesses or distortions of normal functioning, including delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thoughts and behavior
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negative symptoms
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In schizophrenia, symptoms that reflect defects or deficits in normal functioning, including flat affect, alogia, and avolition
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delusion
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A falsely held belief that persists in spite of compelling contradictory evidence
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halluciation
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A false or perception that seems vividly real to the person experiencing it
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dopamine hypothesis
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The view that shizophrenia is related to, and may be caused by, excessive activity of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain
