World History-Chapter 7 Study Guide
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Agricultural Revolution
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advances in farmland technology and more efficient production in food - Dutch build dikes to protect farmland from the sea, use animal fertilizer to improve soil - British discovered ways to produce more food and invented the seed drill
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Population Explosion
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- Women give birth to healthier babies - Better medical care slows death rate - People eat better
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New Technology
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- A new source of energy: the steam engine fuel by coal - A new way to produce cheaper, better quality iron (for railroads, buildings...)
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Enclosure Movement
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In England, law allowing landowners to fence in their property. As a result poor farmers moved to the growing cities.
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Capital
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wealth to invest in enterprise
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Anesthetic
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Drug that prevents pain during surgery.
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Natural Resources
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Things that are found in nature that are useful to human beings
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Smelt
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To separate iron from its ore
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Mass Production
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the making of a lot of a certain product
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Townshend
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He urged farmers to grow turnips, which restored exhausted soil.
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Tull
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He invented the seed drill which deposited seeds in row rather than scattering them wastefully over the land.
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Newcomen
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He had developed a steam engine powered by coal.
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Watt
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He improved the steam engine, which became a key power source of the Industrial Revolution.
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Darby
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He found a way to produce a better-quality and less expensive iron.
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Putting-out system
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distributes work to the people that are best at it. Pulling cotton to threading to giving to merchants to dye to turning into clothing
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Factory System
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place that brought together workers and machines to produce large quantities of goods
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Hargreaves
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he invented the \"spinning jenny\" in 1764 (= spinners could spin many threads at the same time).
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Kay
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he invented the flying shuttle and the weavers could work faster
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Tenements
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multistory buildings divided into apartments
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Steam Engine
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a form of producing energy through using steam
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Iron
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element used for bridges, ships, etc
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Steel
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used for bridges, ships, etc.
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Turnpike
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private road that charged a fee to travelers who used them
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Luddite
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group of textile workers that resisted the labor saving machines that were costing them their jobs
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Methodism
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comfort in religious freedom
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Urbanization
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movement of people to cities
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Labor Union
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worker organizations
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Stephenson
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he developed steam-powered locomotives to pull carriages along iron rails
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Wesley
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founded Methodist movement in mid -1700s
