Mr. Maitz AP Government chapter 11-12
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what the public thinks about a particular issue or set of issues at any point in time.
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public opinion
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interviews or surveys with samples of citizens that are used to estimate the feelings and beliefs of the entire population.
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public opinion polls
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an Iowan who is considered the founder of modern-day polling.
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George Gallup
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a popular magazine that first began national presidential polling in 1916
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literary digest
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unscientific survey used to gauge public opinion on a variety of issues and policies
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straw poll
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a subset of the whole population to be questioned for the purposes of prediction or gauging opinion.
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sample
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polling that used landline telephones in American homes.
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Telephone polls
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polls conducted as voters leave selected polling places on election day.
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exit polls
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continuous surveys that enable a campaign or news organization to chart a candidate's daily rise or fall in support.
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tracking polls
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was the first to use a scientific survey
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John Zogby
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polls taken for the purpose of providing information on an opponent that would lead respondents to vote against that candidate.
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push polls
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a method of poll selection that gives each person in a group the same chance of being selected. the flaw in this method is that they may under-sample or over-sample key populations
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random sampling
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a variation of random sampling; the population is divided into subgroups and weighted based on demographic characteristics of the national population
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stratified sampling
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a measure of the accuracy of a public opinion poll
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margin of error
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the accuracy of a poll depending on the quality of the sample that was drawn
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sampling error
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herein respondents provide a response from 0 to 100 about how they feel about a particular issue.
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feeling thermometer
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the process through which individuals acquire their political beliefs and values.
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political socialization
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an organized effort by office holders, candidates, activists, and voters to pursue their common interests by gaining and exercising power through the electoral process
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political party
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first party formed in America
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federalists
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a party organization that recruits voter loyalty with tangible incentives and is characterized by a high degree of control over member activity.
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political machines
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politics that focuses on the candidates, their particular issues, and character rather than party affiliation.
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candidate-centered politics
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dramatic shifts in partisan preferences that drastically alter the political landscape
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party realignment
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an election that signals a party realignment through voter polarization around new issues and personalities.
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critical election
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the gradual rearrangement of party coalitions, based more on demographic shifts than on shocks to the political system
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secular realignment
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is usually elected by the sitting president or newly nominated presidential candidate, who is accorded the right to name the individual for at least the duration of his or her campaign. he or she is the prime spokesperson and arbitrator for the party during the four years between elections.
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National Chair
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a party meeting held in the presidential election year for the purposes of nominating a presidential and vice presidential ticket and adopting a platform.
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National Convention
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Delegate to the Democratic Party's national convention that is reserved for a party official and whose vote at the convention is unpledged to a candidate.
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superdelegate
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institutional collection of policy-oriented researchers and academics who are sources of policy ideas.
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Think tank
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A statement of the general and specific philosophy and policy goals of a political party, usually promulgated at the national convention.
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national party platform
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a citizens personal affinity for a political party, usually expressed by a tendency to vote for the candidates of that party.
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party identification
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A voting system that apportions legislative seats according to the percentage of the vote won by a particular political party
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proportional representation
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an electoral system in which the party that recieves at least one more vote than any other party wins the election
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winner take all system
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a general decline in party identification and loyalty in the elctorate.
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dealignment
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considered the founder of modern day polling
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George Gallup
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the republican party's first presidential candidate
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John C Fremont
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party politics were nearly suspended at the national level during this era.
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Era of Good feeling
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the pinnacle of the party system in the US is
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National Party Chair
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Party conventions generally
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serve only symboling purposes
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think tanks influence
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party policy positions
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the main reason the Republican party historically raises more money than the democratic party
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they have more wealthy donors
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the difference between the democratic and republican parties is most evident in
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party platforms
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one particularly party-oriented president was
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Ronald Regan
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the single greatest influence on an individual's first party identification is...
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parents
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most researchers now study the gender gap by considering why
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democrats have trouble attracting white men
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African Americans in general strongly identify with the
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Democratic party
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The American Independent party took root as a result of this issue
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desegregation
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third parties do best when...
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trust in major parties is low
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independent voters sometimes
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have stronger partisan leanings
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James Madison's chief concern at the inception of the United States was the
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formation of political factions
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Unscientific surveys used to gauger public opinion on a variety of issues are calld
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straw polls
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every two years since 1952, there have been regular surveys of the american electorate known as the
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National election studies
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tracking polls were first used in
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1992
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to determine how reliable a poll is, one must first determine
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margin of error
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in 2000 the _______ estimated the number of voters incorrectly in florida
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voter news service
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these types of polls have a major weakness of measuring the intensity of feelings about issues
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public opinion polls
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Americans have the most difficulty forming opinions about
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policies that don't affect them
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polls show that women and men have different views on
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social issues
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Many American ideals, including hard work and personal responsibility are rooted in our nation's
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protestant heritage
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A child's peer group is most politically influential in
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middle and highschool
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the authors of the Federalist Papers were convinced that all government rests on
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public opinion
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among the reasons that public opinion polls have become critical players in politics is the ________ in the number of public opinion polls
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rise
