question

Physiology refers to the:

answer

nature of human function.

question

Metabolism is the:

answer

sum total of all physical and chemical reactions occurring in the body.

question

Beginning with the smallest level, the levels of organization of the body are:

answer

chemical, organelle, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism

question

Blood production is a function of which system?

answer

skeletal

question

In the anatomical position the subject is:

answer

standing with the arms at the side and palms facing forward.

question

The axial portion of the body consists of:

answer

head, neck, and torso.

question

A saggital section would divide the body into:

answer

right and left sides.

question

A frontal section would divide the body into:

answer

front and back portions.

question

The lungs lie ___ to the heart.

answer

lateral

question

The elbow lies ___ to the forearm.

answer

proximal

question

A transverse plane divides the body into ___ sections.

answer

upper and lower

question

Homeostasis can be defined as the:

answer

relatively constant state maintained by the body.

question

Negative feedback control systems:

answer

oppose a change.

question

A tissue is:

answer

a group of similar cells that perform a common function.

question

The nonliving intercellular material that surrounds tissues is called:

answer

matrix.

question

Which tissue lines body cavities and protects body surfaces?

answer

epithelial

question

Which of the following is NOT a function of membranous epithelium? -secretion -protection -absorption -none of these choices

answer

secretion

question

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium is found in the:

answer

epidermis.

question

Which of the following is NOT an example of connective tissue? -transitional -reticular -blood -bone

answer

transitional

question

The mature cells of bones are called:

answer

osteocytes.

question

The most prevalent type of cartilage is:

answer

hyaline cartilage.

question

Malignant tumors that arise from connective tissues are generally called ___.

answer

sarcoma

question

A cancer specialist is an ___.

answer

oncologist

question

In which area of the body would you expect to find an especially thick stratum?

answer

sole of the foot

question

In which layer of the skin do cells divide by mitosis to replace cells lost from the outermost surface of the body?

answer

stratum basale

question

The basic determinant of skin color is the quantity of:

answer

melanin.

question

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin? -sensation -excretion -immunity -none of these choices

answer

none of these choices

question

Which of the following vitamins is synthesized by the skin? -vitamin A -vitamin B -vitamin C -vitamin D

answer

vitamin D

question

Langerhans cells are the mechanism of action of which function of skin?

answer

immunity

question

The \"rule of palms\" assumes that the palm size of a burn victim equals about ___% of total body surface area.

answer

1

question

Blisters, severe pain, and generalized swelling are characteristic of which type of burn?

answer

second-degree

question

Another name for first- and second-degree burns is:

answer

partial-thickness burn.

question

The developing fetus is covered by an extremely fine, soft hair coat called:

answer

lanugo.

question

Which of the following is associated with hair? -sebaceous glands -ceruminous glands -eccrine glands -none of these choices

answer

sebaceous glands

question

The most numerous, important, and wide-spread sweat glands in the body are:

answer

eccrine.

question

Which structure compares actual body temperature with set point temperature and then sends out appropriate correction signals to effectors?

answer

hypothalamus

question

The skull bone that articulates with the first cervical vertebrae is the:

answer

occipital.

question

A meatus can be described as:

answer

a tubelike opening or channel.

question

Which of the following is NOT part of the shoulder girdle? -clavicle -sternum -scapula -none of these choices

answer

sternum

question

The arm socket is the:

answer

glenoid cavity.

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the bones of the pelvic girdle? -ilium -acetabulum -ischium -pubis

answer

acetabulum

question

The greater trochanter is a bony landmark of the:

answer

femur.

question

All of the following are clinical signs and symptoms of a fracture EXCEPT: -soft tissue edema -realignment of the bone -loss of function -pain

answer

realignment of the bone.

question

An entire skeletal muscle is covered by a coarse sheath called:

answer

epimysium.

question

An aponeurosis is:

answer

broad and flat.

question

Antagonists are muscles that:

answer

oppose prime movers.

question

A fixed point about which a rod moves is called a:

answer

fulcrum.

question

All of the following are rotator cuff muscles EXCEPT: -deltoid -infraspinatus -supraspinatus -teres minor

answer

deltoid.

question

The muscle that shrugs the shoulders is the:

answer

trapezius.

question

The posterior arm muscle that extends the forearm is the:

answer

triceps brachii.

question

The muscles of the quadriceps femoris include all of the following EXCEPT: -vastus intermedius -vastus medialis -vastus lateralis -vastus femoris

answer

vastus femoris.

question

The muscles of the hamstrings include all of the following EXCEPT the: -iliopsoas -semitendosus -semimembranosus -biceps femoris

answer

iliopsoas.

question

Neurotransmitters are released in a synapse and bind to:

answer

receptors on the postsynaptic terminal.

question

Compared with the inside of the cell, the outside of most cell membranes is:

answer

positive.

question

Which of the following structures is NOT a component of a chemical synapse? -neurotransmitter -synaptic cleft -plasma membrane of postsynaptic neuron -synaptic knob

answer

neurotransmitter

question

Which sequence best represents the course of an impulse over a reflex arc?

answer

receptor, sensory neuron, synapse, motor neuron, effector

question

Which of the following is true of spatial summation? -neurotransmitters released simultaneously from several presynaptic knobs converge on one postsynaptic neuron -speed of impulse transmission is increased when several neurotransmitters are released -impulses are fired in a rapid succession by the same neuron -simultaneous stimulation of more than one postsynaptic neuron occur

answer

neurotransmitters released simultaneously from several presynaptic knobs converge on one postsynaptic neuron

question

Small, distinct regions of gray matter within the CNS are usually called:

answer

nuclei.

question

Which of the following are classified as nerve fibers? -dendrites -axons -dendrites and axons -none of these choices

answer

dendrites and axons

question

A neuron's resting membrane potential is:

answer

-70mV.

question

A neuron with one axon and several dendrites is a:

answer

multipolar neuron.

question

The difference in electrical charge across a plasma membrane is called:

answer

membrane potential.

question

Voltage-gated channels are:

answer

membrane channels that open in response to voltage fluctuations.

question

What is true concerning the sodium-potassium pump?

answer

Three sodium ions are pumped out of the neuron for every two potassium ions pumped into the neuron.

question

Which type of neuron lies entirely within the CNS?

answer

interneuron.

question

During a relative refractory period:

answer

an action potential is possible only in response to a very strong stimuli.

question

Gray matter in the CNS consists of:

answer

cell bodies.

question

A complete nerve, consisting of numerous fascicles and their blood supply, is held together by a fibrous coat called the:

answer

epineurium.

question

A synaptic knob is located on the:

answer

axon.

question

The main chemical classes of neurotransmitters include all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

norepinephrine.

question

Most nerves in the human nervous system are:

answer

mixed nerves.

question

Which of the following conduct impulses to the cell body? -Nissl bodies -dendrites -axons -none of these choices

answer

dendrites

question

True or false? Epithelium is rich with blood supply.

answer

false

question

True or false? Exocrine glands discharge their products directly to the blood.

answer

false

question

True or false? The terms osteon and haversian system are synonymous.

answer

true

question

True or false? Cartilage is perhaps the most vascular tissue in the body.

answer

false

question

True or false? Parietal membranes cover the surface of organs.

answer

false

question

True or false? Most of the body is covered by thick skin.

answer

false

question

True or false? Both benign moles and malignant melanomas are outlined by a distinct border.

answer

false

question

True or false? Subcutaneous layer and hypodermis are synonymous terms.

answer

true

question

True or false? According to the \"rule of nines,\" the body is divided into nine areas of 9%.

answer

false

question

True or false? The hair follicle is an extension of the epidermis into the dermis, forming a small tube.

answer

true

question

True or false? One of the factors associated with male pattern baldness is testosterone.

answer

true

question

True or false? The sphenoid is a bone of the face.

answer

false

question

True or false? An immovable joint of the skull is called a fontanel.

answer

false

question

True or false? The hyoid is one of several bones that articulate with four other bones.

answer

false

question

True or false? The two bones that form the framework of the forearm are the radius and ulna.

answer

true

question

True or false? The most distal portion of the fibula is composed of a bony landmark called the medial malleolus.

answer

false

question

True or false? Each toe contains three phalanges.

answer

false

question

True or false? Normal curvature of the spine is convex posteriorly through the thoracic region and concave posteriorly through the cervical and lumbar regions.

answer

true

question

True or false? The insertion of a muscle is the point of attachment that moves when the muscle contracts.

answer

true

question

True or false? Tipping the head back, as in looking up at the sky, is an example of a third-class lever.

answer

false

question

True or false? The rectus abdominus extends the trunk.

answer

false

question

True or false? The levator ani closes the anal canal.

answer

false

question

True or false? The external intercostals function to elevate ribs.

answer

true

question

True or false? The deltoid is a good example of a single-function muscle.

answer

false

question

True or false? The pectoralis major flexes the upper arm.

answer

true

question

True or false? The Achilles tendon is common to both the gastronemius and soleus.

answer

true

question

True or false? The vastus intermedius originates on the posterior surface of the femur.

answer

false

question

True or false? There are no differences between the CNS and PNS concerning the repair of damaged fivers.

answer

false

question

True or false? A membrane that exhibits a membrane potential is said to be polarized.

answer

true

question

True or false? The action potential is an all-or-none response.

answer

true

question

True or false? Action potential and nerve impulse are synonymous.

answer

true

question

True or false? Ca++ ions cause the release of neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft.

answer

true

question

Study of disease.

answer

pathology

question

Study of factors involved in causing a disease.

answer

etiology

question

Pattern of a disease's development.

answer

pathogenesis

question

Single layer of cube-shaped cells.

answer

simple cuboidal

question

Multiple layers of cells with flat cells at the outer surface.

answer

stratified squamous

question

Single layer of flat, scalelike cells.

answer

simple squamous

question

Cylindrical, striated, voluntary cells.

answer

skeletal muscle

question

Striated, branching, involuntary cells with intercalated disks.

answer

cardiac muscle

question

Supportive cells.

answer

neuroglia

question

The conducting cells of the nervous system.

answer

neuron

question

Process by which white blood cells engulf and destroy bacteria.

answer

phagocytosis

question

Growth of new tissue.

answer

regeneration

question

The presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid in intercellular tissue spaces.

answer

edema

question

Tinea

answer

ringworm

question

Warts

answer

papilloma

question

Boils

answer

furuncle

question

Scleroderma

answer

hard skin

question

First seven pairs of ribs that attach directly to the sternum.

answer

true ribs

question

Eleventh and twelfth ribs, which have no attachment to the sternum.

answer

floating ribs

question

The five pairs of ribs that do not attach directly to the sternum.

answer

false ribs

question

Smiling

answer

buccinator

question

Flexing the head

answer

sternocleidomastoid

question

Closing the eyes

answer

orbicularis oculi

question

Composed of nerves arising from the brain and spinal cord.

answer

peripheral nervous system

question

Subdivision of efferent division that transmits information to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.

answer

autonomic division

question

Produces the \"fight or flight\" response.

answer

sympathetic division

question

Subdivision that carries information from the CNS to skeletal muscle.

answer

somatic nervous system

question

Coordinates the body's normal resting activities.

answer

parasympathetic division

question

PNS subdivision that transmits incoming information from the sensory organs to CNS.

answer

afferent division

question

Consists of the brain and spinal cord.

answer

central nervous system

question

Consists of all outgoing motor pathways.

answer

efferent division

question

The cranial and spinal cavities are divisions of the ___ cavity.

answer

dorsal

question

The thoracic and abdomiopelvic cavities are divisions of the ___ cavity.

answer

ventral

question

An organism that lives in or on another organism to obtain its nutrients is called a ___.

answer

parasite

question

___ literally means self-immunity.

answer

autoimmunity

question

___ is the term associated with an unusually high body temperature.

answer

fever

question

Local damage caused by extremely low temperatures is referred to as ___.

answer

frostbite

question

___ ___ is a disorder of the nervous system that involves the glia rather than neurons.

answer

multiple sclerosis

Human Anatomy and Physiology – Final Exam Study Guide

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