Chapter 4 Medical Terminology
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What are the five functions of the integumentary system
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Assists in waste elimination Assists in synthesis of vitamin D Provides sensory infomration via touch Thermo regulation.
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What's the main purpose of the integumentary system ?
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External barrier which acts as a first-line of defense against pathogens
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The outermost layer of the skin
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Epidermis
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What is the bottom layer(Basal layer) of the epidermis?
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Stratum germinativum
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Cells which produce a dark pigment call melanin
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Melanocytes
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The inner layer of the skin
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Dermis
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This layer of skin consists of mainly fat
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Hypodermis or subcutaneous layer
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This is the small fold of the skin above the lower part of the nail
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Cuticle
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What is the scientific name for cuticle ?
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Eponychium
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Combining form of nail
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onych/o, ungu/o
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any visiable localized abnormality in the skin resulting from injury or disease.
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lesion
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small, raised, solid circumscribed area
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papule
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Outcome of what happens to the primary lesions
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Secondary lesions
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Fresh, early changes to The skin usually caused by trauma or disease
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Primary lesions
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Elevated papule with a defined ridge.
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Wheal
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What causes wheals?
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Swelling
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Give an example of a Wheal
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Bug bite
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What are wheals caused by allergic reaction?
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Hives/ urticaria
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What's another word for bruise ?
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Ecchymosis
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A hemorrhage due to extravasion of blood into subcutaneous tissue cannot be palpated but usually darkens skin
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Ecchymosis
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The process of a substance leaking outside a vessel into surrounding tissue
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Extravasion
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Raised solid skin lesion less than 1cm
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Papule
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Give an example of a Papule
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Pimple
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Elevated lesion with a well-defined image containing fluid is smaller than a half a centimeter
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Vesicles
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What's another word for vesicles?
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Bullae or blister
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Superficial, elevated lesion containing pus
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Pustule
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What causes pustules to form ?
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an infection
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What's the medical word for a scar?
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Circatrix
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paper thin, wasted skin.
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Atrophy
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Example of atrophy
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Stretch marks
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What's the medical term for stretch marks ?
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striae
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superficial inflammation of skin characterized by vesicles, lesions that "weep and pruritus
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eczema
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yeast infection that occurs in moist, occluded areas of the skin and mucous membranes.
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candidiasis/moniliasis
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What's another name for eczema ?
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dermatitis
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inflammation of the hair follicle. It can be superficial, deep, acute or chronic.
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folliculitis
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What's the combining form of follicle ?
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follicul/o
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inflammatory scaly disease of the face and scalp.
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seborrheic dermatitis
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What is seborrheic dermatitis called when it happens to new borns?
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cradle cap"
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itching
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pruritus
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fungus
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tinea
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What does X represent when tinea is written as "Tinea X"?
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The effected area of body.
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fungal infection of scalp
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tinea capititis
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What's a another name for tinea capititis?
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ringworm
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fungal infection that occurs mainly on the genitalia and upper legs in males, particularly in warm weather
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tinea cruris
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What's another name for tinea cruris?
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jock itch
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fungal infection of the foot
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tinea pedis
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What's another name for tinea pedis?
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athlete's foot
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abnormal condition of fungus of the nails
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tine unguium/ onychomycosis
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lice infestation
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pediculosis
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parasitic infection caused by mites that cause an itchy, papular rash.
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scabies
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These are a "category" of viruses that cause a specific type of rash (exanthem).
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exanthematous diseases
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What're some examples of exanthematous diseases?
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measles, mumps, & rubella
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This virus causes fever blisters, fever sores, herpetic stomatitis and keratitis
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herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV 1)
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inflammation of cornea
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keratitis
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This virus causes genital herpes
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herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV 2)
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acute, painful rash caused by reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus.
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herpes zoster
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What's another name for herpes zoster?
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shingles
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What's the virus that causes shingles and chicken pox?
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varicella-zoster virus.
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Contagious, common epithelial growths found primarily on hands, feet, legs, and face.
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verruca
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What causes verrcua?
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It is caused by one of the 60 types of human papillomavirus
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What's another name verruca
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warts
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abnormal condition of excessive hairiness
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hypertrichosis
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common, chronic skin condition characterized by circumscribed salmon red patches covered by thick, dry, silvery scales due to excessive development of skin cells.
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psoriasis
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This is a mass of horny, condensed epithelial tissue that is over a bone prominence.
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corn/clavus
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What's the cause of corns ?
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By pressure or friction.
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What's the root word of hard, horny ?
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corne/o
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inflammation, sore, or erosion of skin over a bony prominence; usually seen in debilitated patients who are immobilized.
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Pressure ulcer
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A condition of a lack of pigmentation in the skin due to malfunctioning melanocytes.
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albinism
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What's the combining form for white?
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Albin/o
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Injuries caused by heat, radiation, chemicals or electricity
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burns
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How's the severity measured in burns?
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degrees and thickness.
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Only the epidermis is damaged.
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First-degree burn/superficial burn
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Describe the symptoms of a first-degree scars
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Redness, tenderness, increased sensitivity to touch, NO scar.
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The epidermis and dermis are damaged.
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Second -degree burns/partial thickness layer
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Describe the symptoms of a 2nd degree burn
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redness, vesicles, pain, possible scar formation.
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The epidermis, dermis and hypodermis/subcutaneous layer are damaged
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Third-degree burn/full thickness burn
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Describe the third-degree burn symptoms
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no pain, because the nerve endings in dermis are destroyed; skin may be deep red, pale gray, brown or black
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Are you likely to get a scar once a third degree burn heals?
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Yes
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This is a birthmark or a mole.
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Nevus
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When should you begin to worry about a mole or birthmark?
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When it changes, shape, color, or texture because it may be malignant
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Soft, pedunculated (they have a little "foot") lesions that are an outgrowth of the epidermal and dermal layers.
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acrochordons
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What's another name for acrochordons?
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Skin tags
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examination of living tissue
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biopsy
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Break down the word biopsy ( give the prefix, word root, & suffix)'
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bi/o- WR -opsy - Suxffix
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Repeated removal and microscopic examination of layers of a tumor until no cancerous cells are present.
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Mohs surgery
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What is eschar?
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The scab that forms over a burn
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What may occur in inflammatory and infectious diseases, or as the result of a burn?
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Dried sebum, blood, or pus
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What's another name for eschar?
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Scab
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an incision to cut and remove eschar (the scab that forms over a burn- its the dried serum, blood and or pus).
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Escharotomy
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Why is it sometimes mandatory that you may have to move an Eschar?
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It is done to prevent edema that can cause lack of blood flow to the underlying tissue
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Lack of blood flow
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ischemia
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This is the most common form of skin cancer; they occur in the stratum germinativum
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Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
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What're common areas where Basal Cell Carcinoma found ?
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The face and other areas exposed to sunlight
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It is the process of removing dirt, foreign bodies, damaged tissue, and cellular debris from a wound or burn in order to prevent infection and promote healing.
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debridement
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What's the first step in wound treatment?
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debridement
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This cancerous tumor is the result of mutated melanocytes, and is the deadliest form of skin cancer.
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malignant melanoma
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U.V. lighting used to detect tinea capitis or pseudomonas in burns
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Wood's light examination
