The Federalist Papers?
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Federalist
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Person who likes a strong central government (ex. Alexander Hamilton)
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Anti-federalists
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Small state government; afraid if government gets 2 much power they will try to rule everything
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No taxation...
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Without representation
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Federal
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Congress, president, Supreme Court etc
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General assmebly
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NC law making body (legislature)
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During he American Revolution...
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Americans set up a new national government; they feared a storm central government; they worried that it would crush their rights like the British did
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Articles of Confederstion
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Created a national government that had little power; could not raise taxes (which meant they could not bring in money or pay for anything); could not control trade among states; could not even draft soldiers into and army; each state was only loosely bound to the others
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Draft
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Forced to fight in battle; also called conscription
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When war ended in 1783...
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U.S. Was in debt and it seemed like it would break into 13 different countries; trade among states was difficult
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Suffrage
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Voting
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By 1787 something had to be done...
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Delegates from 13 states met in Philadelphia; many wanted a new national government; had to be strong enough to hold together the new nation, but could not be too strong and take away their freedom
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Over the summer they wrote the new plan for government called the constituion....
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The delegates signed it on September 17, 1787; it was also called the "law of the land"; it had to be approved by nine out of 14 states
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Ratify
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Accept
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Days after the constitution was signed...
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Many New York newspaper began to attack it; they said the new constitution took away the rights Americans had won in the Revolution
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Alexander Hamilton
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Lawyer from NY that helped write the constitution; only delegate from NY who signed it; the other had refused to sign it because they agreed with the critics in the newspapers; Hamilton feared that NY might not approve the constitution; he wrote essays arguing with the critics; wanted a strong central government even one stronger than outlined in the constitution; he still supported it thought because it was better than the articles of confederation;
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October 1787
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Alexander Hamilton published his first essay defending national the constitution; he signed under the name "Publius"; asked James Madison and John Jay to write articles; they also use she name "Publius"
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James Madison
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Sometimes called the father of the constitution; played major role not constitutional convention; delegate from Virginia; kept notes of the talks and wrote much of the constitution
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John Jay
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Did not help write constitution but was serving as a diplomat when Hamilton asked him to help
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Essays
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The three of them wrote 85 essays for the NY papers; drew much praise; people outside of NY wanted to read them; one NY newspaper printed them as a book called the federalist; at this point most people new who "Publius" was
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The Federalist
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Also called federalist papers; helped convince NYers the constitution was a good model for a new government; today they help us understand what the writers of the constitution had in mind when they drafted that maxing document 200 years ago which is still working to solve issues
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What did the federalist papers say?
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They addressed issues about the constitution
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Federalist paper #23 (called foreign affairs sometimes)
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Hamilton listed the main goals of government; one was common defense (this meant keeping law and order at homes during protecting the nation from "external attack") another big goal was to control trade between states and with other nations; a third goal was dealing with "foreign countries"
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Federalist paper #51
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Madison told why government is needed and why government needs checks on it; government had to have power but not to much
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What were the three basic ideas behind the constitution in the federalist papers
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1. The constitution separates the powers of the national government 2. The constitution creates a federal/national form of government 3. The constitution sets up a republic
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Constitutional convention
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Where they come to write the constitution
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Republic
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A representative democracy; elect representatives but they make the decisions
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Legislative
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Law making Congress To parts of congress are... 1. House of Representatives (based on state population) 2. Senate (each state gets 2, this make for an equal playing field)
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Executive
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President Vice President Head of senate (is the vp) Head of House of Representatives (in legislative)
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Judicial
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Supreme Court Enforce the laws
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Separation of powers
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Congress make the laws President carries them out Courts say what they mean
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Federalist paper #47
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Madison told why powers of government should be separated; giving one person or group all the power will stop people from being free
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Federalism
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Dual system of state and national government; constitution lists power of national government and all other powers are for the states
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Federalist paper #46
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The federal system states governments which are closer to the people meet the "personal interests of the people" the states also serve to check the power of the federal government Example for NC is it issuing federal government over the HB2 bathrooms
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Federalist papers emphasized what?
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The constitution created s republic
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Federalist paper #39
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Madison defined a republic as a government that gets its powers from the people and is run by persons holding their offices for a limited period or during good behavior; talks about how people in different branches are elected and how long they stay in office
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Federalist paper #78
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Hamilton explained why judges should serve such long terms; courts must protect constitution; having life terms would give them and independent spirit which judges need; judges do not have to agree with other branches and this is important to guard the constitution and the rights of the people
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Factions
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Bad groups of people ex. ISIS
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Federalist paper #10
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Madison responded that large republics actually prevented special interests from taking over; in a large republic the special interests balance each other out
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Special interests
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When you try to get the government to do what you personally what
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Nationalism
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Trying to do what's best for the country as a whole
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Anti-Federalists
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Opposed to the constitution; wrote essays in newspapers and also used pen names such as "Brutus" and "Cato"
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Points of the anti-federalist
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1. The separation of powers would still have too much power and crush their freedom 2. Small state governments could insure freedoms but a strong national government would not hear the needs of the people 3. They wanted a bill of rights
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Bill of rights
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1st 10 amendments of the constitution
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federalist paper #84
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Hamilton said that a bill of rights was not needed ; he said he new government would not have the power to abuse people's rights
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By June 1788...
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Most states had approved the constitution but some had now; NY and VA were still debating; they finally promised that s bill of rights would be added and hey agreed
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Constitution was not perfect....
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Did not outlaw slavery (13th amendment added after civil war) Did not give women the right to vote (19th amendment added after WW1) etc etc 27 amendments have been added
