Question 1

One way that a memory could be distorted is if it includes information that did not actually occur.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 2

One way to enhance deep processing is to make the information personal.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 3

The misinformation effect is an example of a mnemonic device.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 4

Randy was in an earthquake. Afterwards she talked to her neighbors, who explained the earthquake as \"destructive\" and \"scary.\" When asked by another person if anything had fallen during the earthquake, Randy said something did fall when, in fact, nothing had fallen.    Her factual error is most likely due to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Misinformation effect

Question 5

Information can be overlearned if one continues to practice it after it has been mastered.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 6

Research seems to indicate that using a narrative to recall information leads to decreased levels of recall.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 7

The misinformation effect occurs when people incorrectly recall an event they\'ve witnessed due to misleading information about the event.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 8

A mnemonic device is a strategy used to improve memory.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 9

It is possible for a mix up to occur between fictitious and factual information.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 10

Creating a mental image wherein items to be remembered are linked together is an example of the link method.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 11

For deep processing to occur, it is best to study information in several smaller sessions than in one long session.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 12

Deciding whether or not something occurred is a process called reality monitoring.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 13

Source-monitoring error is one explanation for unintentional plagiarism.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 14

Memory reconstructions are extremely accurate reproductions of information from one\'s long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 15

According to \"New ISU Study Finds Eyewitness Memory Susceptible to Misinformation After Testing,\" eyewitness testimonies can be inaccurate due to intentioned or unintentional __________.

Accepted Answer

NOT judgment

Question 16

Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon is a type of retrieval failure.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 17

A theory is a way of explaining observations.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 18

Which of the following suggests that forgetting occurs due to not wanting to remember unpleasant information?

Accepted Answer

Motivated forgetting

Question 19

Forgetting takes place only in short-term memory.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 20

Recall requires a person to reproduce information on one\'s own.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 21

Phonemic encoding, where word sounds are emphasized, has proven to lead to less forgetting.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 22

Dementia refers to a loss of brain function that usually first appears as forgetfulness.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 23

Flashbulb memories have been proven to be more accurate and lasting than everyday memories.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 24

The ability to recognize faces remains lasting and strong, while the ability to remember names doesn\'t last as long.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 25

A phoneme is the largest unit of sound in a word.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 26

According to Craik and Lockhart (1972), the three levels of processing are __________, _________, and _________.

Accepted Answer

shallow . . . intermediate . . . deep

Question 27

The singular thing or event that catches one\'s attention is called __________.

Accepted Answer

Stimulus

Question 28

What did a study by Strayer and Johnston (2001) regarding the effects of attention on driving conclude?

Accepted Answer

Driving and talking on any type of cell phone increases the chance of missing traffic signals.

Question 29

A person who is good at multitasking can effectively focus one\'s attention on driving while talking on the cell phone.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 30

Retention is how the brain encodes information.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 31

Semantic encoding is emphasizing the physical structure of a word, such as its length or how it is printed.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 32

If someone is attempting to focus on multiple tasks at one time, it could be said that they have divided attention.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 33

Phonemic encoding is emphasizing the sound of a word.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 34

As Penny read a book about horses, she applied the information to her experience at her uncle\'s farm last summer. This is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

elaboration

Question 35

Memory is the process of __________ information.  A.  recognizing, storing, and encoding  B.  encoding, storing, and retrieving  C.  storing, receiving, and recoding  D.  encoding, receiving, and storing

Accepted Answer

B

Question 36

Kevin can remember his first trip to the fair like it was yesterday, when in fact it was years ago. This memory is stored in what type of long-term memory?  A.  procedural  B.  episodic  C.  recency  D.  implicit

Accepted Answer

B

Question 37

What are the two types of long-term memory? Name a characteristic of each.

Accepted Answer

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information:    Explicit memory is used for facts, events, and meanings such as names, dates, events, and ideas. There are two subtypes of explicit memory: semantic and episodic. Implicit memory is used for skills and motor patterns such as actions skills and operations, like riding a bike or driving a car. One subtype of implicit memory is procedural memory.

Question 38

Being able to ride a bike is an example of an implicit long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

T

Question 39

The memory process of retaining information received is called __________.  A.  retrieving  B.  encoding  C.  storing  D.  recoding

Accepted Answer

C

Question 40

Short-term memory lasts a fraction of a second before the information is lost.

Accepted Answer

F

Question 41

Explain chunking, recency effect, and primacy effect in regards to short-term memory when more than nine items of unrehearsed information are taken in.

Accepted Answer

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information:Chunking increases the capacity of short-term memory by recoding information into more meaningful units. When large amounts of information are given, short-term memory usually remembers the first set of unrehearsed information (primacy) or the last set of unrehearsed information (recency), but few things from the middle.  Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information:Chunking increases the capacity of short-term memory by recoding information into more meaningful units. When large amounts of information are given, short-term memory usually remembers the first set of unrehearsed information (primacy) or the last set of unrehearsed information (recency), but few things from the middle.

Question 42

The prefrontal cortex, parietal lobe, and hippocampus are brain structures attributed to memory.

Accepted Answer

T

Question 43

What does echoic memory store?  A.  mental traces of things we hear  B.  mental traces of things we see  C.  mental traces of things we feel  D.  mental traces of things we smell

Accepted Answer

A

Question 44

George A. Miller published a paper proposing that __________.  A.  short-term memory is limited to remembering information for seven minutes  B.  short-term memory is limited to remembering about seven items of unfamiliar material  C.  short-term memory can retain information for seven years  D.  there are seven people in the world who do not have short-term memory

Accepted Answer

B

Question 45

Memories of specific personal events are examples of semantic long-term memories.

Accepted Answer

F

Question 46

Short-term memory holds an unlimited amount of information.

Accepted Answer

F

Question 47

The memory process of transferring information into one\'s memory system is called __________.  A.  encoding  B.  processing  C.  storing  D.  retrieving

Accepted Answer

A

Question 48

Scott hadn\'t been on a bicycle in 12 years, but he hopped on and pedaled away without any hesitation. The skill of being able to ride a bike is stored in Scott\'s __________ memory.  A.  procedural  B.  episodic  C.  explicit  D.  short-term

Accepted Answer

procedural

Question 49

What are the two types of long-term memory?  A.  sensory and short-term  B.  iconic and echoic  C.  explicit and implicit  D.  recency and primacy

Accepted Answer

C

Question 50

Sensory memory lasts a fraction of a second before the information is lost.

Accepted Answer

T

Question 51

Eliza remembers her grandfather telling the story of how he met her grandmother 50 years ago. Eliza\'s grandpa has these memories stored in his __________ memory.  A.  short-term  B.  long-term  C.  implicit  D.  echoic

Accepted Answer

B

Question 52

Iconic memory is used when a loud thunderclap occurs during a storm.

Accepted Answer

F

Question 53

Short-term memory, long-term memory, and sensory memory are the three memory stores.

Accepted Answer

T

Question 54

Long-term memory can be categorized as __________ or ___________.  A.  implicit . . . explicit  B.  echoic . . . iconic  C.  sensory . . . short-term  D.  context . . . mood

Accepted Answer

A

Question 55

What does iconic memory store?  A.  mental traces of things we hear  B.  mental traces of things we feel  C.  mental traces of things we smell  D.  mental traces of things we see

Accepted Answer

D

Question 56

Two ways to transfer a memory into long-term memory are maintenance rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal.

Accepted Answer

T

Question 57

By imagining where she was when she last walked in the door, Marla retraced her steps to find her keys. This is an example of a __________ dependent memory.  A.  mood  B.  echoic  C.  state of being  D.  context

Accepted Answer

D

Question 58

The process of storing, encoding, and retrieving information is known as memory.

Accepted Answer

T

Question 59

Some studies have shown that children with a \"weak\" memory are more likely to engage in __________ activities.  A.  risky  B.  short-term  C.  adventurous  D.  volunteer

Accepted Answer

A

Question 60

What are the two types of long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

Explicit and implicit

Question 61

Riding a bike is an example of a procedural memory.

Accepted Answer

Trye

Question 62

At what age can a child begin to form large concepts such as objects, people, animals, and events?

Accepted Answer

10 months

Question 63

When Maria\'s friend mentioned an upcoming concert, Maria quickly thought about the new CD that was supposed to come out that day. This connection that occurred as a result of the word \"concert\" is an example of a __________.

Accepted Answer

Semantic network

Question 64

Experiences and language skills lead to more complex concepts.

Accepted Answer

True

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