question

Which of the following is a prefix?

answer

hyper

question

Which of the following is a word root

answer

nephr

question

The term for above the kidney

answer

suprarenal

question

Macro is a ..

answer

prefix

question

in 'thermmometer \"meter\" is

answer

suffix

question

which word part provides the general meaning of the word?

answer

word root

question

toward the head or above the structure

answer

superior

question

In order to realize all the benefits of electronic health records, which of the following represents a common medical language that allows data to be shared?

answer

Classifications and Terminiologies

question

Which of the following utilizes a computer technology that allows physicians to use handheld or personal computer devices to access drug and formularies and transmit prescriptions to a printer or local pharmacy?

answer

E-Prescribing

question

The term used to describe the mobilization of healthcare information electronically across organizations within a region, community or hospital systems is:

answer

HIE Health Information Exchange

question

The purpose of providing guidelines to health professionals and hospitals on how to adopt and use electronic health record technology is to improve the

answer

quality , safety, and effieciency

question

Which of the following agencies is responsible for oversight of the HITECH initiatives to promote meaningful use of electronic health records?

answer

ONC

question

Which is NOT a goal of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act?

answer

Improve Access to healthcare in rural areas

question

Following the five rights of information management ensures that

answer

clinicians always have the information they need to make a decision regarding patient care.

question

Which of the following is NOT true about the paper medical record?

answer

Those accessing can be easily tracked

question

\"An electronic record of patient health information containing care received in all health facilities\" is the definition of

answer

EHR

question

A friend of a patient asks the nurse if the patient is HIV positive. If the nurse provides this information, what is he or she guilty of?

answer

Confidentiality

question

Access codes, passwords, and key cards are examples of:

answer

authentication

question

Which of the following best describes a firewall?

answer

Hardware and software that forms a barrier between systems or parts of systems

question

You are asked to select the type of type of computer network that best suits your organizational needs. What factors should you take consideration when making this choice?

answer

Purpose of system, type of hardware, type of organization Budget, type of information sytem, purpose of system End user work flow, purpose of system, available infrastructure All of the above

question

Which of the following is true about a standardized healthcare language?

answer

It facilitates the measure of patient outcomes.

question

Health Language 7 (HL7. is an information model that is used to help systems

answer

share information between information systems.

question

Which of the following supports the development of electronic health records across the lifespan?

answer

Standardized healthcare languages

question

CDS Systems are designed to..

answer

Assist the clinician in making decisions

question

Which of the following activities supports global healthcare networking?

answer

interoperable clinical information systems

question

A computer is:

answer

A system with a processor, memory, storage, keyboard, mouse and monitor. A person who computes. An electronic programmable device that inputs, processes and outputs data. An electronic device that is embedded in objects and that controls the object based on certain inputs. All of the above.

question

Which of the following are example(s) of personal computers? Select all that apply.

answer

Desktop Supercomputer Laptop Smartphone

question

Which of the following is an input device for a personal computer?

answer

Mouse

question

Where are programs stored when they are running?

answer

Memory

question

What is the most important software that runs on your computer?

answer

OS

question

Which of the following are important factors to consider when selecting a computer?

answer

Budget Storage needs Application requirements Type of user Mobility needs All of the above

question

Where can you find up to date information about current computing systems?

answer

Recent online reviews Current issues of computer magazines

question

What was the oldest tool used for counting and calculations?

answer

Tally Stick

question

What technology was used in the first general purpose electronic computers?

answer

Mechanical gears

question

When was the World Wide Web first developed?

answer

1989

question

What was the first personal computer?

answer

Altair

question

What was the first use of electronic medical records?

answer

Storing dental records

question

All computers have a keyboard, mouse and monitor.

answer

False

question

Dishwasher has an embedded computer?

answer

True

question

Speakers are an example of a computer output device.

answer

True

question

Solid state drives are now being used on some laptops because solid state drives have moving parts and generate more heat than traditional hard disk drives.

answer

False

question

Personal computers were first developed in the 1970s.

answer

True

question

The ____ is a global system of computer networks that communicate using TCP/IP and is a large network made up of many smaller networks.

answer

Internet

question

The Internet began because ____.

answer

the U. S. government wanted to be able to communicate, even in the event of a nuclear attack

question

In 1995 it is estimated that ____ people were using the Internet.

answer

16,000,000

question

The ____ is a collection of interconnected documents and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs.

answer

World Wide Web

question

The WWW was created in ____ by Dr. Tim Berners-Lee and others with the introduction of the Web browser and Web page coding.

answer

1989

question

A(n) ____ is a software program that lets a user use Web server resources over the Internet.

answer

browser

question

A browser uses ____ to communicate with Web servers.

answer

HTTP

question

A Web server sends ____ back to the browser, which translates it for display on a monitor.

answer

HTML

question

HTML is a(n) ____.

answer

Web page programming language

question

HTTP is a(n) ____.

answer

Internet protocol used to communicate with Web servers

question

The Internet is owned by ____.

answer

nobody

question

What is required for a device to communicate over the Internet?

answer

An IP address and subnet mask.

question

Select a valid IP address and subnet mask from below:

answer

10.10.10.1 and 255.255.255.224

question

The Domain Naming System maps a(n) ____ to a domain name.

answer

IP address

question

A domain name is a(n) ____ that defines a realm of authority on the Internet, based on the DNS.

answer

Identification label

question

The slowest type of Internet connection is the ____ connection type.

answer

dialup

question

The global standard governing wireless technologies is the ____ standard.

answer

802.11

question

Home networks usually connect to the Internet through the use of the services provided by a(n) ____.

answer

ISP

question

A typical home network connecting to the Internet uses ____ IP addressing

answer

public and private

question

An IP address that that may change when you reboot your cable modem router is referred to as a(n) ____ address.

answer

Dynamic

question

Search engines search ____ using a proprietary algorithm.

answer

web pages

question

A(n) ____ is a set of instructions set out logically to solve a problem.

answer

algorithm

question

How does a search engine provide you with a result set?

answer

Searches its indexed data based on your search criteria.

question

A(n) ____ is also known as a query.

answer

search phrase

question

Examples of Boolean operators include the terms ____.

answer

NOT, AND, or

question

You search the Web using the term health and informatics not education. What result below best matches your search?

answer

Health Informatics

question

What does it mean when a Web site is at the top of a search results list?

answer

Keywords on that site best matched the search terms used.

question

A router is a device that ____.

answer

sends traffic from a private network to the Internet sends traffic from the Internet to a private network

question

Installing ____ updates is important to securing your operating system from attack.

answer

critical

question

Antivirus software works by recognizing ____ and stopping those things from causing harm to your computer.

answer

patterns of bad behavior

question

What is the preferred method to use when closing a suspicious Web site popup window?

answer

alt +F4

question

____ permit(s) or deny a computer the ability to connect to another computer.

answer

Firewalls

question

Some experts recommend ____ first party, ____ third party, and ____ session cookies.

answer

accepting, rejecting, allowing

question

A complex password should include at least ____ characters.

answer

6

question

____ permit you to determine who uses your computer

answer

User Accounts

question

You receive an e-mail without an attachment. The e-mail subject line reads \"Bank login required as soon as possible\". What type of e-mail did you receive?

answer

phishing

question

One big difference between a virus and a worm is that the virus ____.

answer

usually cannot replicate itself

question

Macro viruses are usually associated with ____ files.

answer

Microsoft Office files

question

You receive an e-mail with the subject line \"Win a prize by forwarding this email\" and you decide not to forward this to your friends and family. Why did you take this course of action?

answer

Hoax

question

Another student informs you that you can purchase a completed research paper online and avoid doing the work yourself. This is an example of ____.

answer

plagiarism

question

Another student informs you that you can purchase software online and avoid paying the full retail price. This is an example of ____.

answer

pirating intellectual property

question

Privacy is to ____ as confidentiality is to ____.

answer

people, data

question

HIPAA requires that health care providers, insurance companies, and employers ____.

answer

abide by privacy and security standards

question

One difference between PHRs and EHRs is that PHRs are ____.

answer

generally maintained by individuals

question

Patient medical records should be send electronically in a(n) ____ format.

answer

encrypted

question

According to HIPAA rules, who can view your medical information without a signed release?

answer

Primary care physician

question

The hospital reports that a patient arrived at the hospital with a bullet injury. Can the hospital be forced to reveal this patient's medical records?

answer

Yes

question

The main function of a computer is to ____.

answer

Execute Instructions

question

The motherboard is made up of circuitry and thousands of copper wires known as ____.

answer

buses

question

The motherboard contains ____ slots, into which device expansion cards are inserted.

answer

PCI

question

Today's computers connect the mouse and keyboard via a(n) ____ slot.

answer

USB

question

The ____ monitor port replaces the VGA port in today's computer systems.

answer

DVI

question

A serial port, also known as a ____ port, can be used to connect to and manage a network device.

answer

DB-9

question

Hard disk storage is known as ____ storage.

answer

Secondary

question

The operating system is stored ____.

answer

n RAM when the computer is running on the hard disk

question

What is a CT scan?

answer

An x-ray, using specialized equipment, that takes cross-sectional pictures of the body.

question

What is a PET scan?

answer

A nuclear medicine imaging device that produces a 3-D image.

question

What is an MRI?

answer

Magnetic imaging equipment that uses a radio frequency pulse to create an image.

question

A binary digit value of one (1) indicates that electricity is ____.

answer

on

question

In the binary number \"01011010\", the rightmost value of \"0\" is a placeholder for ____.

answer

2 0

question

1024 bytes x 1024 x 1024 = ____.

answer

1 GB

question

Microsoft Word, running on a computer, is an example of a(n) ____.

answer

process

question

How does data differ from information?

answer

Data has no meaning on its own merit.

question

Roughly how much storage does a chest x-ray require?

answer

20megs

question

There are two types of software: application and _________ software.

answer

System

question

Which of the following is NOT a form of software that is free?

answer

Packaged

question

Which of the following is NOT an example of word processing software?

answer

Open office Impress

question

Select all of the following that are examples of communications applications

answer

E-mail Web browsers Blog Wiki

question

Select all of the following that are examples of healthcare software.

answer

EHRs and EMRs Health Information Systems Imaging

question

Which of the following is NOT true about an operating system?

answer

There is only one operating system available for all computers.

question

A ________ interface is one where the user types in all the commands.

answer

Command Line

question

When do you need a new device driver? Select all of the following that are reasons you might need a new driver.

answer

You install a new printer. You do a major upgrade of your OS. You buy a new computer and want to use your old printer. Your driver was corrupted

question

You buy a new computer and want to use your old printer. Your driver was corrupted

answer

Virtual Memory

question

What is the latest version of Microsoft Windows OS?

answer

Windows 7

question

A(n) ________ is a way of organizing files and their data.

answer

File System

question

The file _______ can be used to identify the file type.

answer

Extension

question

Which of the following are examples of file utilities? Select all that apply.

answer

Search File compression Backup

question

When a hard disk drive is being accessed, the _______ spins and the _____ moves until the head is over the proper location on the disk.

answer

Platter , Arm

question

Disks are formatted into _____, which make up tracks.

answer

sectors

question

Files that are stored in non-contiguous clusters are called __________ files.

answer

Fragmented

question

Which of the following operating systems support the NTFS file system? Select all that apply.

answer

Microsoft Windows Vista Microsoft Windows 7 Microsoft Windows XP

question

The code used in an application is the same as the database.

answer

False

question

The device driver for your printer will probably need to be updated when you do a major upgrade of your operating system.

answer

true

question

Programming languages have __________ , just like natural languages.

answer

syntax

question

Algorithms are written using _________________.

answer

psuedocode

question

___________ is an example of a third generation programming language.

answer

fortran

question

The C programming language uses the _____________ programming paradigm.

answer

procedural

question

The ________________ programming language is an example of a compiled language.

answer

c

question

_______________ are programming constructs that store data.

answer

variables

question

The _________ data type in Java is used for storing whole numbers

answer

int

question

Which of the following operators is the OR operator in Java?

answer

II

question

_________________ are simple data structures that store multiple pieces of data together.

answer

arrays

question

In Object Oriented Programming, __________ and ___________ are stored together.

answer

data, methods

question

___________________ provides information hiding in Object Oriented Programming.

answer

encapsulation

question

Algorithms are a sequence of steps that describe how a task is performed.

answer

true

question

Machine code includes English words for basic computer commands.

answer

false

question

SQL is an example of a third generation programming language.

answer

false

question

Assembly language is unique to a particular type of computer.

answer

true

question

LISP is a programming language that follows the functional paradigm.

answer

True

question

Perl is a scripting language developed for web browsers.

answer

False

question

MIIS is a language that was developed for healthcare applications.

answer

True

question

A computer program that is compiled must be compiled separately for each different computer.

answer

True

question

Java uses a hybrid approach of compiling and interpreting.

answer

True

question

A variable's value cannot be changed.

answer

False

question

In Java, variable declarations do not have to include data types.

answer

false

question

The equal sign is the assignment operator in Java.

answer

true

question

In expression evaluation, multiplication has higher precedence than subtraction

answer

true

question

When the condition of an if statement is false, the body of the if statement executes.

answer

False

question

Python is an example of an Object Oriented Programming language

answer

True

question

Classes and objects are exactly the same things.

answer

false

question

UML is an example of a design tool for Object Oriented Programs

answer

True

question

Encapsulation and modularity are important features of Object Oriented Programming.

answer

true

question

Typically, instance variables are declared to be private.

answer

true

question

The purposes of a database include all of the following EXCEPT . . .

answer

Data is never repeated.

question

An attribute is a synonym in database terminology for which of the following?

answer

column

question

What database term involves connecting two or more tables together when a user needs data from more than one table in the database?

answer

relationship

question

A natural key is . . .

answer

A well-known attribute value that uniquely determines a row in a table.

question

A foreign key is . . .

answer

A unique key from another table.

question

What language is used to store and retrieve data from a database?

answer

sql

question

Which part of the database ER-diagram becomes a table in the implemented database?

answer

Entities

question

Relationships in the database are carried out with the use of which of the following?

answer

Primary key to foreign key matches

question

Attributes that contain more than one piece of data such as Address are called . .

answer

composite

question

Primary keys are most efficient for data retrieval when they are which of the following?

answer

short and numeric

question

An example of a one-to-one relationship is which of the following?

answer

Patient to Hospital wrist band ID

question

An example of a one-to-many relationship is which of the following?

answer

Insured to dependents

question

An example of a many-to-many relationship is which of the following

answer

Hospital medical procedure to patient

question

SQL commonly produces or projects which of the following?

answer

record sets

question

Which of the following is involved in data modeling

answer

ER- Diagram

question

Constraints ensure that____________.

answer

attribute values follow rules

question

Which normal form is commonly considered to be all that is necessary for most database situations?

answer

3rd normal form

question

SQL is used to create tables (True or False).

answer

true

question

The SQL statement used to retrieve data from a database is which of the following?

answer

SELECT

question

\"Order By\" is which of the following?

answer

clause

question

\"Count\" is which of the following?

answer

function

question

The term used for the process of getting data out of more than one table is which of the following?

answer

Join

question

In transaction processing changes to the database can be retracted before the end of the transaction is reached (true or false).

answer

true

question

HITECH addresses which of the following barriers to using health information technology?

answer

There is a shortage of health IT support staff.

question

Which of the following is an example of HITECH's concept of \"meaningful use\" of health IT?

answer

A primary care physician electronically exchanging a patient's laboratory data with a medical specialist

question

What kind of job role is likely to be a part of a REC?

answer

Implementation manager

question

HITECH's Workflow Process and Redesign specialists address which of the following problems?

answer

Electronic health records have to fit in with a practice's workflow.

question

Which of the following barriers to health information exchange are NOT addressed by HITECH?

answer

Hospitals may lose competitive advantage if they exchange information with others.

question

Which of the following is a major part of the HITECH vision?

answer

Increased transparency and efficiency

question

The incentives for health IT are focused on getting

answer

physicians to use health IT to improve healthcare quality

question

A major challenge in developing and implementing an e-prescribing system is

answer

the need for workflow re-engineering

question

CPOE adoption has been low among hospital based physicians because

answer

the ordering process has been traditionally developed to be as convenient to the doctor as possible, and CPOE is not always convenient.

question

In what way are CPOE and e-prescribing systems SIMILAR?

answer

can eliminate incomplete or lost information

question

According to the lecture, the e-prescribing system first used in 1977 did not \"catch on\" in many organizations because

answer

data entry, while efficient for experienced users, was cumbersome for many people

question

In 2000, the Leapfrog Group was launched. What exactly was this group?

answer

A conglomerate of health insurance purchasers

question

According to the presentation, which of the following BEST describes why CHINs failed in the 1990s?

answer

A lack of focus on community stakeholders resulted in competitors being unable to agree on key issues.

question

Which of the following statements BEST describes the current state of the National Health Information Network (NHIN.?

answer

NHIN is in its early developmental stages.

question

According to the lecture, which of the following is the most common form of health information exchange today?

answer

fax

question

What is the MAJOR difference between the RHIOs of the 2000s and the CHINs of the 1990s? RHIOs focus on

answer

quality rather than cost savings

question

According to the lecture, a 2006 failure of a prominent RHIO caused a major uproar in the HIT community. Where was this RHIO located?

answer

Santa Barbara, CA

question

Which of the following is likely to result in significant progress towards realizing the goals of HIE in the US?

answer

The broad federal support for HIE outlined in HITECH

question

Which of the following was NOT a csecurity principle for health information proposed in the 1997 \"For the Record\" report?

answer

Avoid storage on portable drives

question

Allowing cancer researchers to use the existing data in hospital systems, without asking each patient for permission, illustrates which of the following principles underlying the HIPAA privacy rule?

answer

Public Responsibility

question

The 1996 HIPAA legislation related to

answer

portability of health insurance across state lines.

question

Which of the following is the strongest example of authentication?

answer

Using both a password and a device with changing unique numbers

question

Why did Congress fail to pass privacy legislation in 1999?

answer

The legislators could not agree among themselves about what to propose

question

Before the HIPAA Privacy Rule was implemented, state laws were

answer

very variable.

question

Which of the following was NOT one of the factors that led to changes in HIPAA as a result of the HITECH Act?

answer

Which of the following was NOT one of the factors that led to changes in HIPAA as a result of the HITECH Act?

question

Which of the following was a change with the HITECH Privacy Regulations?

answer

Tracking disclosures for TPO was now required.

question

What is the major challenge with the changes to HIPAA in the HITECH Act?

answer

They will require major changes in work processes.

question

The recommendations for sanctions for privacy or security violations relates to which principle

answer

Accountability

question

Which of the following is an example of \"competent human intervention\" as described in the 1989 FDA policy?

answer

A physician deciding not to follow the advice of a clinical decision support system

question

Which organization was already an EHR certification organization prior to the establishment of the current ONC Authorized Testing and Certification Bodies?

answer

CCHIT

question

What was one of the recommendations from the 1996 FDA workshop on regulating clinical software

answer

Software quality audits

question

HITECH mandates certification of EHRs to assure that

answer

EHRs include functionality for meaningful use

question

FDA regulation of EHRs is UNLIKELY to reduce errors due to

answer

implementation flaws.

question

Which of the following best describes a process?

answer

A series of actions or operations that produce work

question

Process analysis includes which of the following?

answer

Knowledge of process components and relationships between them Identification of opportunities for improvement BOTH

question

Process redesign includes which of the following?

answer

A change in a process Anticipation of a good outcome

question

A workflow is a Process,

answer

true

question

Workflow analysis includes which of the following?

answer

Knowledge of process components and relationships between them Identification of opportunities for improvement

question

Which of the following is NOT considered knowledge?

answer

Beliefs that may be true

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the IOM characteristics of quality healthcare?

answer

Provider centered

question

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Meaningful Use of Health IT?

answer

Has been in legislation for over 20 years

question

Which of the following is NOT a Meaningful Use requirement? Choose the best answer:

answer

Greater than or equal to 90% of eligible pneumonia patients received antibiotics within 12 hours of an office visit.

question

Which of the following are activities stated in the scenario?

answer

Identify out-of-range results

question

Which of the following roles participate in the scenario?

answer

Patient

question

Which of the following pieces of information are needed by the medical assistant in the scenario?

answer

Patient's contact information and provider

question

Which of the following decisions are made in the scenario?

answer

Whether or not the results are out-of-range

question

At which point in the scenario could more than one path be taken?

answer

When the lab results are reviewed.

question

Mark the symbols that are common flowchart symbols:

answer

Arrow

question

What symbol should be used to diagram the following process step: \"If the patient is a new patient ...\"

answer

Diamond

question

Which of the following is used to indicate that a flowchart continues on another page?

answer

Circle connector

question

Which of the following should be used t diagram the following text: \"...the new patient intake form is received, the information is confirmed with the patient, then entered into the EMR

answer

Document symbol, then two sequential process boxes

question

An analyst needs to show the context in which a process operates. Which of the following methodologies is the most appropriate?

answer

Yourdon

question

An analyst needs to show information movement and the order of the steps. Which of the following diagram notations should be used?

answer

Data flow diagram

question

An analyst needs to show information content. Which of the following notations would be appropriate?

answer

E-R diagram

question

An analyst needs to show detailed process steps. Which of the following diagrams is the most appropriate?

answer

ISO data flow diagram

question

Indicate which statement is true:

answer

Information flow and process flow can be shown on a flowchart

question

ndicate which statement is true:

answer

Multiple process aspects may be represented on some diagrams

question

Which shape is used to mean different things in a UML activity diagram and basic flowchart?

answer

Circle

question

A terminal symbol in a flowchart is used to represent which of the following?

answer

start and stop

question

Which symbol would be used in flowchart notation to represent the following text? \"If the lab results are not within normal limits, call the patient.\"

answer

Diamond

question

Which symbol would be used in flowchart notation to represent the following text? \"The patient called the office to schedule an appointment.\"

answer

Rectangle

question

Which best describes the goal of Knowledge Acquisition (KA)?

answer

To gather and capture process knowledge

question

Which of the following is true for Knowledge Acquisition (KA) in support of EMR adoption?

answer

Clinics will acquire knowledge through process analysis

question

Which of the following types of knowledge is the easiest for organizations to share with others?

answer

Coded knowledge

question

Which of the following CMM levels best describes the following organization: \"There are standard operating procedures, and performance is fairly consistent. When adapted to new situations, the process performance is not predictable, and sometimes results are substandard.\"

answer

Level 3

question

clinic that you are working with is at CMM level \"Managed\". Which of the following methodologies should be used to obtain process information?

answer

Reading available procedures

question

A clinic that you are working with is at CMM level \"Repeatable\". Which of the following methodologies should be used to obtain process information?

answer

Interviews and process walkthroughs

question

A context diagram is important for what reasons?

answer

Facilitates checking information with practice providers and staff Depicts major functions and processes

question

A process inventory is developed from which of the following?

answer

A list of clinic services

question

Which of the following categories of processes will likely be deemed important enough to analyze?

answer

Processes impacting patient care b. Processes that can be improved through Health IT c. High volume processes

question

Which of the following processes would you find in most clinics?

answer

Appointment scheduling Receiving documentation

question

According to the scenario, which of the following are process participants?

answer

Patient Nurse

question

Which of the following would you interview or observe to acquire process information?

answer

Nurse

question

A Knowledge Acquisition Plan should include which of the following?

answer

Process inventory

question

Which of the following is true about Knowledge Acquisition for Health IT adoption?

answer

KA requires assimilating information.

question

Complete the sentence: Knowledge Acquisition ________.

answer

Is constrained by available time and resources

question

Which of the following are NOT steps in process analysis as described in this unit?

answer

Conduct process redesign.

question

What is the correct order of steps for Process Analysis?

answer

1-Create process inventory 2-Report analysis findings 3-Identify variations and exceptions 4-Identify needed EHR functionality1,3,4,2

question

Choose the answer that best describes a process inventory

answer

Identifying and recording processes

question

Which of the following processes does NOT occur at most clinics?

answer

Surgery

question

Which of the following processes varies most by clinical specialty?

answer

Diagnostic tests

question

Which of the following would be variations of a Diagnostic test process?

answer

Test is conducted by referral to an external facility

question

Which of the following would be variations of an appointment scheduling process?

answer

Online appointment scheduling

question

Which of the following would be exceptions in a prescription process?

answer

Potential drug interaction identified by pharmacy.

question

Which of the following is NOT a primary goal of healthcare clinic process redesign as described in this unit?

answer

Making changes in the practice

question

According to Deming, which would be a good approach to address a medical error in a clinic?

answer

Investigate possible process changes to prevent such errors

question

Which of the following are examples of unproductive work? 1 - A patient waiting for a clinic appointment 2 - A provider spending time talking with a patient 3 - A billing manager correcting and re-filing denied claims 4 - Providers scheduling patient appointments

answer

1, 3, and 4

question

Which of the following would be an exception to a document receiving process?

answer

receipt of documents with no patient identifiers

question

Which of the following may indicate needed EHR functionality?

answer

a. Generic processes used by a clinic b. Process variations used by a clinic c. Process exceptions likely encountered by a clinic d. All of the above

question

Which of the following EHR functionality is indicated by the scenario?

answer

Clinical documentation.

question

Which of the following process variations should be further investigated, i.e., there is not enough information in the scenario to determine which variation(s) may be in use?

answer

Billing performed in practice management system.

question

Which of the following is NOT a primary goal of the implementation decision-making meeting as described in this unit?

answer

Selecting an EHR system for implementation

question

Which of the following is NOT a suggested approach to leading the implementation decision-making meeting?

answer

Use Brainstorming to generate ideas for process redesign

question

Which of the following are examples of the meeting facilitator's role? 1 - Establish Group Norms 2 - Manage Time 3 - Incorporate changes in the Process Diagrams 4 - Provide feedback and evaluation of all changes suggested

answer

1, 2, and 3

question

There is only one method that has proven to be successful in developing group consensus through group facilitation.\"

answer

false

question

Identifying processes that are ripe for improvement can be facilitated by which of the following?

answer

Reviewing \"Best Practices\" in other Health care facilities b. Some health care providers can show how much a change can improve services in specific areas and integration c. Focusing on processes that can increase satisfaction, compliance, and meaningful use of health IT ALL THE ABOVE is the ANSWER

question

The wrap-up / debriefing part of the meeting is designed to?

answer

Secure management \"Buy-in\"

question

Which of the following should be included in the implementation decision making meeting report?

answer

Complete documentation of all results Results or plans from the meeting Persons interviewed

question

Which of the following is not included in the Agenda for the Implementation decision making meeting?

answer

Brainstorming

question

BRAND is a mnemonic for remembering the steps of making a decision used in the health care field.\"

answer

true

question

Which of the following identify processes as \"Ripe for improvement\"?

answer

a. Processes that can increase satisfaction b. Increase Meaningful Use of health IT c. Appeal to patients

question

Which of the following is not a part of Quality Improvement methods in Health care?

answer

Focused on the individual patient

question

According to Goethe, it is sufficient to know the approximate number of people who die annually in U. S. due to medical errors.

answer

False

question

The Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle of Quality Improvement:

answer

Can be traced back to Shewhart Was described by Deming

question

Leadership involvement is essential for successful Quality Improvement. Which of the following is not a way leaders can support QI activities?

answer

hiring more people

question

Which of the following methods are based on Deming's PDSA?

answer

API FOCUS-PDCA Six Sigma

question

According to Ovretveit, failing to learn and plan for sustaining the improvement is which category of mistake in Quality Improvement?

answer

Mistake in transition and implementation

question

Mistakes in Purpose & Preparation include:

answer

Choosing a subject which is too difficult or which a collaborative is not appropriate b. Participants not defining their objectives and assessing their capacity to benefit from the collaborative. c. Not defining roles or making clear what is expected of individuals taking part in the QI

question

Which of the following tools is NOT appropriate for use in the early information collection stage of a QI project?

answer

Priorities matrix

question

Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control in Six Sigma is used for what ?

answer

To reduce variation

question

Transitioning to flow thinking causes changes in how people perceive their roles in the organization.

answer

true

question

Pick the best explanation for the meaning of the following Chinese proverb: \"...show me and I may remember; involve me and I will understand.\"

answer

Most people comprehend best what they are engaged in.

question

In a meeting to discuss the new practice management system, it becomes clear that the front desk receptionist hasn't heard anything about the implementation planned for the next day. Application of which of the following key change concepts could have improved this situation?

answer

Transparency

question

A physician leader in a small practice has chosen and purchased an EMR without telling anyone in the practice. He has arranged for the vendor to install the system and explain it to the staff in two weeks. Application of which of the following key change concepts could have improved this situation?

answer

Engagement gap

question

Which of the following best matches the most likely reason for the providers, nurses and medical office assistants reaction to the new system in the scenario?

answer

They didn't understand the purpose for the extra work

question

For the situation in the scenario, application of which of the following change concepts may have alleviated the concerns?

answer

Engagement gap

question

In the scenario, what did Support Specialist Sam do that helped the situation?

answer

Pointed out the reason for the extra fields

question

An analyst is preparing for the initial meeting with practice leadership and staff which of the following should the analyst have ready for the meeting?

answer

An agenda for the meeting

question

True or False: It is just as important to engage leadership as it is to engage practice staff.

answer

true

question

True or False: Special meetings should be held to engage people not directly involved with the design.

answer

true

question

In a practice that uses paper medical records, to capture information for performance measures, providers and nurses have to record data on a special data collection form in addition to regular documentation in the chart. In moving to an EMR, application of which change concept would improve completeness of data collected?

answer

Design the system to run down-hill

question

Providers are more likely to view health care quality as

answer

Use of computerized decision support to facilitate evidence-based practice

question

Patients and families are more likely to view quality as

answer

how well the provider communicates

question

An example of a structure used to evaluate quality of health care information technology is

answer

A policy describing the prescriber's role and responsibilities with respect to provider order entry.

question

A policy describing the prescriber's role and responsibilities with respect to provider order entry.

answer

Innovation

question

What quality improvement measures must eligible providers report in 2011 to quality for meaningful use incentive payments?

answer

Must report on blood pressure, tobacco status, and adult weight screening as well as three additional measures from a list of metrics.

question

In your own words, explain the Institute of Healthcare Improvement's triple quality aim model and describe examples of how HIT can help to further these aims.

answer

Answer: The student's answer should include reference to the fact that the triple aim is designed to optimize health, health care experience, and costs for populations. That is, to provide the best care, for the whole population at the lowest cost. The answer should include at least three ways in which HIT can help to achieve the triple aim, such as introducing information tools into clinical practice, using information tools to personalize care delivery, electronically connecting clinicians, or advancing surveillance and population health reporting.

question

In your own words, describe the goals of meaningful use of electronic health records.

answer

Answer: The student's answer should include the five goals of meaningful use of electronic health. These goals are: to use health records in a way that improves quality, safety, & efficiency of care, engages patients and families in their care, improves coordination of care, improves population and public health and reduces disparities; and ensure privacy and security protections for all.

question

One example of how HIT can enhance patient-centeredness is:

answer

Tailor care plan to individual needs through clinical decision support

question

An example of a workaround that can result in unintended consequences is

answer

Having nurses enter prescriber orders because the prescriber is too busy

question

Man-made tools that aid or enhance the user's thinking abilities are called:

answer

Artifacts

question

The following is a basic principle of the science of safety

answer

The system is perfectly designed to deliver the results it gets.

question

The premise behind the Swiss Cheese Model is that

answer

There are ―holes,‖ vulnerabilities, or hazards in the health care environment that have an impact on medical error

question

One of the following is not a system factor that has an impact on patient safety

answer

Time factors

question

The following is not a principle of safe design

answer

Add steps

question

An example of an independent check is

answer

Car alarm sounds when passenger fails to put on seatbelt

question

Health care work should primarily be geared around

answer

Patients

question

An example of an independent check is:

answer

Requiring two signatures on high alert medications

question

An example of standardization is:

answer

Using a checklist before doing a procedure

question

The following indicate system factors that have an impact on patient safety:

answer

Patient and provider characteristics task characteristics and the work environment Institutional factors

question

HIT teams make wise decisions

answer

When there is diverse and independent input.

question

Reliability science allows organizations to improve the consistent and standard delivery of high quality, safe healthcare through each of the following except

answer

Using processes that perform as intended function under favorable conditions

question

The three-tier IHI framework for reliability begins with

answer

Preventing failure

question

The following are traits of high reliability organizations, except

answer

rely on the leaders for final decisions

question

Five concepts that create a sense of mindfulness within the context of reliability are sensitivity to operations, preoccupation with failure, deference to expertise, resilience and

answer

reluctance to simplify

question

The blame game leads to a cycle that includes which one of the following

answer

less is learned

question

Each of the following describes a high-reliability organization except

answer

Single authoritative decision-maker

question

Describe ways in which HIT teams in high reliability organizations are sensitive to operations.

answer

Answer: The student's answer should include examples in which the HIT team supports more than just checks of patient identity, vital signs, and medications. It includes awareness by staff, supervisors, and management of broader issues that can affect patient care, ranging from issues of human-computer interface, to the availability of needed supplies, to potential distractions.

question

Describe ways in which HIT teams operate within ultra-safe organizations

answer

Answer: The student's answers should include such things as learning to recognize potentially risky situations and speaking up if you see that something is not right so that action can be taken to reduce risk. The answer could also include promoting a blame-free culture, being preoccupied with failure, and viewing near misses as opportunities to improve HIT design.

question

Illustrate how teams make wise decisions by describing how teams can learn from honey bees.

answer

Answer: The student's answer should describe how bees can teach us a lot about teamwork and a culture of safety. Bees work exceptionally well in teams and are considered some of the best decision makers alive. They have grasped the concept that shared wisdom is imperative to making good decisions. Advocating for usability testing by users is one way that HIT professionals gather shared wisdom.

question

Deference to expertise supports recognizing

answer

a family member's contribution to decision-making

question

Human factors is:

answer

The study of the interactions of humans and other elements of a system

question

Describe problems that can arise with the design of HIT that relate to human factors

answer

Answer: The student's answer should include such things as problems that arise from mismatches among the 5 elements of a system: persons (e.g., doctors, nurses, patient), task and job design (e.g. medication prescribing, dispensing, administering), tools and technology (CPOE, flow sheets, task lists). environment (inpatient, outpatient, school), and/or organizational characteristics (structure, nursing practice model, policies).

question

Cognitive ergonomics is concerned with

answer

Mental processes

question

The following is relevant to physical ergonomics

answer

Workplace layout

question

The following is a relevant to organizational ergonomics

answer

Mental workload

question

A ―person approach‖ to error

answer

Blames the individual

question

The following statement is true about systems

answer

The system is responsible for about 95% of the cause of the outcome; the human only 5%.

question

Active failures

answer

Occur at the sharp end and their effects are felt almost immediately

question

An example of a latent error is

answer

a design flaw that causes alerts to fire inappropriately

question

Describe use of the SEIPPS model of work system design in the context of HIT.

answer

Answer: The student's answer should describe the SEIPPS model. This could include defining the acronym for System Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety as a model of work system and patient safety. It could include: a detailed model of work systems leading to processes which lead to outcomes and specification of the components and elements of the model to include the person, the environment and the organization as well as the technologies, tools, and tasks that are used. The student could discuss these components with respect to any of a wide variety of HIT applications, including patient portal, CPOE, notes, flow sheets, clinical summaries, to name a few.

question

Care coordination

answer

Has been identified as the top priority for national action

question

The following is not an example of a transition of care

answer

Change in patient room without change in providers

question

Hand-offs

answer

Are transfers of care from one provider to another provider

question

Studies show that the following is true about most hospital discharges

answer

Direct communication between hospital and primary care providers is low

question

A technique that examines relations among providers and looks to see patterns among groups to inform information technology decision making is

answer

Social Network Analysis

question

The following is an example of a social function meaning to a speech act

answer

―It's crowded in here means ―I want to leave‖

question

Describe three types of barriers to communication and identify how HIT design can actually enhance barriers.

answer

Answer: The student's answer should include ways that HIT design can contribute to at leas t three of the following barriers: perceptual differences, cultural differences, language barriers, information overload, organizational complexity, inattention/memory limits, time pressures, distraction/noise, interruptions, and emotions. Examples include: alert designs that are not consistent with work flow, computer systems that do not interact with each other leading to gaps in information, or designs that do not take into account the types of communications that are needed to ensure safe delivery of care

question

Describe the differences between synchronous and asynchronous communication, how these types of communication can hinder effective communication, and examples of each.

answer

Answer: The student's answer could address the fact that synchronous communication, such as face-to-face discussion and telephone communication, occurs simultaneously and places the speaker at risk for interruption and distraction due to the disruptive health care environment. Frequent interruptions during communication increase the likelihood that the message will be misinterpreted or lost. Asynchronous communication, which occurs at different times, such as voice mail, email, and computerized records, fails to provide the opportunity for questions and clarification, potentially rending communication ineffective.

question

Describe what is meant by basic components and processes of communication (encoding, communication channels, decoding) in the health care setting and how the message can get lost in translation. Discuss how HIT can help to alleviate these barriers.

answer

Answer: The student's answer should include the concepts of encoding by the person who initiates the message, barriers that occur in the channels through which that message is conveyed via verbal, written, or electronic means and decoding by the recipient of the message. Attention should be paid to the problems created by background noise, either external noise such as the paging system, alarms, cluttered work spaces (which are a form of visual noise and can be just as distracting as auditory noise) OR internal noise, such as the provider's own mental state that can make message transmission unclear. Examples of ways HIT can help to alleviate these barriers are: judicious use of alerts, electronic whiteboards, clinical summaries, automated notifications, hand-off notes, and discharge summaries.

question

Explain how at least three HIT tools can be used to facilitate multi-disciplinary rounding.

answer

Answer: The student's answer could include patient-centric information tools such as patient health records, variance tracking forms, progress notes, flow sheets, bedside monitoring devices; process oriented tools, such as rounding lists, sign-out tools, daily goals form, or discharge assessment tools; or decision support tools such as electronic evidence resources, clinical pathways, or graphic dislay of test results. Multi-disciplinary rounds allow the diverse members of the patient's care team to meet and communicate, coordinate patient care, make joint decisions, and manage their work.

question

Which one of the following is not an example of clinical decision support?

answer

The computer system times out after a period of inactivity

question

A clinician has been using a system that has a reminder system. When the clinician performs an action even when not prompted by the reminder system, this response is called

answer

spillover

question

Which one of the following is not a right of clinical decision support?

answer

Right dose

question

The following statement is a myth regarding clinical decision support:

answer

Clinicians will use stand-alone decision-support tools.

question

Which of the following is NOT a recommendation of the consensus panel for effective use of clinical decision support.

answer

Maximizing the use of active data capture

question

Clinical decision support is most appropriate for

answer

a. Inpatient settings b. Ambulatory care settings c. Public health settings

question

The following is a decision support rule that can enhance efficiency

answer

Rules that trigger alerts for high cost drugs and suggest lower cost alternatives

question

All of the following statements are correct EXCEPT:

answer

Alerts should never be overridden

question

Basic medication order guidance is

answer

an alert that provides dosing information with default dosing being the most appropriate initial dosing.

question

Describe at least two important considerations that should be taken into account prior to CDSS implementation

answer

Answer: The student's answer should include one of the following: workflow integration, such as ensuring that structure and work system features and processes support care; data entry and output considerations such as who enters the data and who receives the CDSS advice; standards and transferability such as whether the CDSS is ready to be used ―off the shelf‖ or needs to have some degree of local customization; and knowledge maintenance, such as maintaining accuracy by ensuring that imbedded knowledge is kept current.

question

Clinical decision-making is a systematic way to handle data and clinical algorithms to

answer

decide on the best course of action

question

A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem is

answer

an algorithm

question

Each of the following is a type of uncertainty in clinical decision-making EXCEPT:

answer

Contextual: the clinician does not know when to document in the EHR

question

An example of direct use of HIT to deal with uncertainty is:

answer

establishing what is known about best practice and incorporating this into ―smart order sets‖

question

The initial phase of HIT development in a human-centered design cycle is:

answer

specify context of use

question

An example of a quantitative workflow analysis method is

answer

video recording

question

Describe the types of information to be collected during the observation of current work flow processes when planning to implement HIT.

answer

Answer: The student's answer should include most of the following types of information: name of process, process owner, process output/product, who is involved in delivering the process, who cares about the process, extent of the process to be mapped, activities to define the process, start and end points of the process, waster (non-value-added time), bottlenecks, redundancies, points of dissatisfaction, and inefficient use of workforce skills.

question

There are four phases of human- centered design cycle (specify context of use, analyze requirements, design prototype and evaluate prototype). Discuss the concept of workflow and describe qualitative and quantitative methods of workflow analysis.

answer

Answer: The student's answer should include a discussion of the two main components of the workflow integration matrix, current and future workflow. The student should also discuss the concept of workflow as a description of sequenced activities performed by various clinicians and staff. The answer should include a description of at least one qualitative (ethnographic observation, shadowing, surveys) and one quantitative ( sensor technologies, video recordings) method of workflow analysis

question

A rectangle is used in a process flow chart to depict.

answer

an action or instruction

question

Mapping of current processes should include all of the following except:

answer

process redesign recommendations

question

Change

answer

Is situational whereas transition is a psychological process

question

The following is an important structural characteristic of effective teams:

answer

Appropriate culture

question

Effective implementation teams learn from mistakes. The following is essential to support teams in learning from mistakes.

answer

Culture of transparency

question

There are a number of strategies used by implementation teams to manage go-live support. Describe one way and indicate the benefits and potential risks of this method.

answer

Answer: The student's answer should include use of either external or internal consultants Mention should be made of the role that these consultants play during go-live, and any risks or benefits to the selection of this particular support strategy. Discussion should include such things as their expertise in use of the software application, their experience on go-live teams, their knowledge of specific organizational policies and work flow, and their cost.

question

Effective change and transition management are critical to effective implementation planning. Each of the following strategies ensures effective change and transition management EXCEPT:

answer

Ensuring that professionals work side-by-side

question

There are a variety of strategies for effective implementation planning. The following is a limitation of the single vendor strategy:

answer

If it fails, the organization can incur significant losses

question

To enhance implementation team effectiveness,

answer

Regular meetings should be scheduled and a standard agenda set

question

One of the advantages of ―best of breed‖ approaches over single vendor options is that

answer

Massive process reengineering is avoided

question

Two approaches that have been used successfully for HIT implementations are the big bang and staggered, or incremental, approaches. The following correctly depicts big bang implementation strategies

answer

High risk, high anxiety

question

The following is true of incremental implementation strategies

answer

They have higher training costs.

question

Efforts to improve patient safety over the past decade have been largely competitive, rather than cooperative. One success story involves an initiative that improved central line blood stream infections. The reason for its success was largely due to:

answer

Using a simple checklist to remind people of best practices.

question

Use of the central line BSI checklist was an example of the application of the science of safety to improve health care quality. Each of the following strategies is promoted as principles of the science of safety except

answer

Individualizing care

question

A proven effective strategy to ensure that best practices in central line insertion are standardized throughout organization is:

answer

Including use of a central line cart to increase compliance with the checklist

question

This module describes the experiences of a research team trying to implement best practices. When the team began its work on central line blood stream infections, it experienced:

answer

A culture that did not allow questioning physicians

question

One key premise of failure in HIT quality improvement initiatives is that the reason for failure is:

answer

because they fail in the adaptive component

question

Describe why the central line blood stream infection story is relevant to HIT work. Include reference to principles of the science of safety in your explanation. Give an example of how using these principles in HIT design or implementation can lead to success.

answer

Answer: The student's answer reflects an understanding that the principles of the science of safety (standardize, eliminate steps, independent redundancies, culture of safety) are relevant to all quality improvement work, including HIT work. Examples can include such things as: use of alerts, imbedding evidence-based practice recommendations in order sets, standardizing the way in which hand-offs are documented in the EHR.

question

Most transitions

answer

require the entire team

question

Ensuring a culture of safety

answer

applies to all teams regardless of clinical or technical roles

question

The following is essential to decoding resistance:

answer

Frequent, clear communication

question

People do not generally fear change; they fear

answer

Loss of the old ways of doing

question

In the absence of a valid and transparent measurement system, most people.

answer

Are over-confident in their performance

question

A valid model for reporting and measuring quality and safety in health care includes attention to structure, process, and outcome measures. An example of a structural measure in health care is the:

answer

percentage of time providers spend with patients

question

Donebidian's model of structure- process-outcome addresses each of the following except:

answer

dynamic interdependencies among structure, process, and outcome

question

An example of an outcome measure is:

answer

The percentage of patients with central lines who develop a blood stream infection

question

In order to calculate a fall rate, you need to have:

answer

a clear definition of the population that is at risk for falls

question

An example of something that we put forth in health care as a rate that is not really a rate is:

answer

Medication error rate

question

Although selection bias is often associated with research methodologies, this concept is also appropriate for quality improvement since organizations often seek to generalize results of quality improvement studies to other areas within the organization. Selection bias is highly dependent on

answer

who is in the sample that is being measured

question

The following is true of ―missing data‖

answer

It is important to account for missing data before communicating results of analyses.

question

HIT design can facilitate the collection and reporting of both rate- and non-rate based quality measures. Give an example of how HIT design can facilitate the collection and reporting of quality measures such as central line blood stream infection rates or hospital acquired pressure ulcer rates.

answer

Answer: The student's answer should include the collection of observations such as dates and times of central line placement, central line care or other parameters that indicate the continued presence of central lines, or date/time of central line discontinuation, blood culture values, whether or not a pressure ulcer was present on admission, documentation of pressure ulcer assessments, etc. The answer should also discuss reporting of these measures through analysis of EHR data.

question

When looking at rates of urinary catheter- related urinary tract infections the denominator would be

answer

the number of patients that had a urinary catheter

question

The customer service of healthcare professionals can be measured by

answer

the results of customer satisfaction surveys.

question

What two departments share a similar customer base in the healthcare setting?

answer

Physician's offices and hospitals

question

The culture of healthcare IT can be described primarily as __________

answer

service.

question

Customer service-driven EHR implementation success factors differ by customer role and include

answer

for administration, a return on their investment.

question

The definition of customer service, in terms of the assistance and courtesy granted to those who patronize a business, includes the word

answer

degree.

question

An important goal of understanding contextual norms is

answer

An important goal of understanding contextual norms is

question

A professional appearance is an important part of professionalism. The goal of maintaining a professional appearance can best be described as

answer

ensuring that the focus is on your work and message

question

Information technology staff's role in healthcare is to

answer

develop, implement and maintain electronic medical records.

question

To be successful in their roles, the most important thing IT professionals need to do is

answer

exhibit professional demeanor and deportment

question

The purpose of maintaining a professional appearance is

answer

that it allows others to know how to behave toward you.

question

Using an emotional tone in communications is a good idea when

answer

you are talking to a distressed user

question

What is the most important method for preventing the spread of infection?

answer

Frequent hand washing with soap or alcohol gel

question

The goal of infection control is to

answer

prevent the spread of infection from you to others and from others to you.

question

A Hospital Acquired Condition (HAC) means that

answer

the healthcare organization must absorb the cost of care for the HAC.

question

Standard precautions means

answer

all human body fluids should be treated as if they are infected

question

Sharing your computer access codes with a co-worker is

answer

unacceptable under any circumstance.

question

HIPAA is a federal law that protects patient privacy and prevents unauthorized release of medical Information. HIPAA includes which rule?

answer

Security Rule

question

Infection control is the responsibility of

answer

all healthcare workplace professionals

question

Penalties you may experience for breaching HIPAA include

answer

civil penalties such as a fine.

question

One of your co-workers, while reviewing electronic medical records, sees the record of his ex-spouse and wants you to look at it. You should respond,

answer

\"Remember that showing that to anyone or talking about it is a HIPAA violation.\"

question

You are in the Emergency Department working with a nurse on a problem with her EHR menu. During your time there, the rescue squad brings in a neighbor. When you get home, your spouse says, \"Did they bring Bill to the Emergency Department today? I saw an ambulance at his house.\" You should respond,

answer

You know that I am not allowed to answer you.\"

question

What are the three perspectives that support the conflict stool?

answer

Personal, interpersonal, social

question

Which of the following are ways of distinguishing major types of conflict?

answer

Content issues and relationship issues

question

The preferred way to resolve conflict is to use

answer

win-win strategies.

question

Which one of the following statements is true?

answer

The first step in Filley's model addresses antecedent conditions

question

In conflict resolution, which of the following is often used?

answer

Win-lose strategies

question

Which of the following refers to a conflict resolution approach?

answer

Relates to the outcome of the resolution process

question

Which of the following statements is correct?

answer

Conflict creates a need for change and conflict also occurs as a result of change.

question

Identify the developer of conflict resolution theory and the number of steps it contains.

answer

Filley, 6

question

Ethics are considered to be

answer

behaviors based on social standards

question

Policing smoking behavior in enclosed environments for public health reasons would be an ethical practice based on which of the following approaches?

answer

Utilitarian

question

Which of the following is NOT a major role of the medical ethics committee?

answer

Disciplinary action

question

Which of the following is considered an external or secondary diversity dimension?

answer

Income

question

The following statement is TRUE with respect to diversity

answer

Diversity can be leveraged with the appropriate leadership.

question

__________________ represents a preference for one's own culture that results in critical evaluations of people from another culture.

answer

Ethnocentrism

question

An emphasis on family involvement in healthcare decision making is characteristic of

answer

collectivist cultures.

question

An emphasis on building relationships in communication is characteristic of

answer

high context cultures.

question

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination based on

answer

religion

question

All of the following represent important elements of cultural competency EXCEPT

answer

Ethnocentric care

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