Biolgy Exam 2 Chapter 7
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Which of these equations best summarizes photosynthesis?
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6 CO2 + 6 H2O LIGHT ENERGY -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
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Where does the Calvin cycle occur?
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In the stroma
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The light reactions of photosynthesis use _____ and produce _____.
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water ... NADPH
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Which cell type in a leaf performs the most photosynthesis
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Mesophyll
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What is the purpose of a cuticle on a leaf?
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waterproof, to prevent water loss
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Which of the following leaf types would be most efficient at absorbing sunlight?
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Large broad leaves
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Which of the following structures allows for gas exchange between the tissues of a leaf and atmosphere?
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Stomata
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Guard cells open during the day to allow gas to flow through the stomata? True Or False
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True
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In what order do the steps of the light reactions occur?
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Photosynthesis II, Election transport chain II, Photosynthesis I, Electron transport I
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Why do plant leaves appear green?
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The chlorophyll in leaves reflect green light
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Carbon fixation involves the addition of carbon dioxide to
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RuBP
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After 3-PGA is phosphorylated, it received energized electrons from
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NADPH
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How many carbon dioxide molecules must be added to RuBP to make a single molecule of glucose
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6
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In the Calvin cycle, how many ATP molecules are required to regenerate RuBP from five G3P molecules
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3
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What do the enzymes of the stroma need to perform the Calvin Cycle
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ATP and NADPH CO2 is available
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In which of the following organelles does photosynthesis take place?
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Chloroplast
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What connects the 2 photosynthesis in the light reactions?
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An electron transport chain
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What 2 molecules are produced by the light reactions and used to power the Calvin cycle?
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ATP and NADPH
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What provides electrons for the light reactions
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H2O
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What transport electrons from the light reactions to the Calvin cycle
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NADPH
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The light reactions take place in the _____ an the Calvin cycle takes place in the ___
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Thylakoids...stroma
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The radioactive isotopes used in the Calvin experiments was?
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Carbon - 14
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The Calvin cycle describes the conversion of
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Carbon dioxide to carbohydrates
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Paper chromatography is used to?
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Separate components in a material of interest
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What type of organism was used in Calvin experiments?
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Algae
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Which step of the Calvin cycle requires NO extra energy?
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Carbon fixation by rubisco
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Where is the most energy used in the Calvin cycle?
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Conversion of PGA TO G3P
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What is photosynthesis?
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For most organisms, energy is derived from sunlight either directly or indirectly. Organisms that can directly trap sunlight, process by which solar energy is trapped and stored as chemical energy in the bonds of sugar
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Photosynthesis
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Energy storing pathway, Releases oxygen, Requires carbon dioxide
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Aerobic respiration
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Energy releasing pathway, Releases carbon dioxide, Requires oxygen
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Photo-
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Refers to the capture of sunlight in the thylakoids. These reactions use light energy to charge up the molecules ADP and NADP+
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Synthesis-
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Refers to Calvin cycle \"dark reaction\" which sugar from the energy captured on ATP and NADPH in the light reactions
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Phototropism
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Describe the process by which plants respond to the light in the environment, light sensing hormone responsible for curvature of plants shoots towards light is \"auxin\"
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Important difference between PEP carboxylase an rubisco?
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Rubisco can use CO2 or O2 as a substrate. PEP carboxylase cannot use O2
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Leaves and chloroplast are adaptions for photosynthesis
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Chlorophyll containing organelles called chloroplasts are concentrated in leaf cells. Chloroplast are able to convert energy in sunlight into stored energy of sugars.
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Stomata open
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allows C02 to diffuse in and O2 to diffuse out.
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Stomata close
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stomata close reduces water loss by evaporation, prevents CO2 from entering O2 from leaving.
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Inside the leaf are layers of cells called the..?
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Mesophyll
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What does the bundle sheath cells does?
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supply water and mineral to mesophyll
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What happens when the sun is directly over the auxin?
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Molecules are distributed evenly cells grow evenly
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What happens when the sun shines at an angle?
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Moleules move to the far side of the stem causing those cells to elongate result in bending
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What happen to the dinosaurs?
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A asteroid hit the face of the earth and caused drastic global climate changes
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The outer surface of leaves are covered by the ___?
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Cuticle
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Bundle sheath cells surrounds the ____?
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Vascular bundles
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Thylakoid membranes contain many what?
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PS Photosystems
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Each PS consist of...?
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A cluster of chlorophyll and accessory pigment molecules surrounded by various proteins
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Two PS
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PS 1 an PS 2 work together during the light reactions
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Each PS has a unique ...?
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Electron transport chain ETC associated with it.
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PS 2
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Uses light energy to create a hydrogen ion gradient and split water
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PS 1
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Uses light energy to produce NADPH (energy molecule)
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Calvin cycle occurs in 3 steps
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1. Carbon fixation 2. The synthesis of G3P 3. Regeneration of RuBP
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ATP and NADPH synthesized from light reactions are used...
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To power the synthesis of a simple sugar G3P gyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
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Englemanns algae experiment
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Certain bacteria cells will move toward places such as violet and red where oxygen concentration is high
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C4
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Uses up more energy than traditional plants, fixed 2x in different cells... Sugar can and corn
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C4 plants thrive when
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Light is abundant but water is scarce
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Cam
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Carbon is fixed 2x in same cells, at night Co2 is fixed to form organic in the day Co2 is released and fixed in Calvin cycle .. Cactus and pineapples
